마찰,마모,닳음 friction어원,destroy어원,우리말 닳다 인도 드라비다어 와 비교 擦 어원

[나비우스]

닳다[발음 : 달타]

활용 : 닳아[다라], 닳으니[다르니], 닳는[달른], 닳소[달쏘]

떨어지다,소모되다 ,없어지다 

1 .

갈리거나 오래 쓰여서 어떤 물건이 낡아지거나, 그 물건의 길이, 두께, 크기 따위가 줄어들다.

바지가 닳다

발톱이 닳다

여기저기 돌아다니다 보니 신발이 다 닳아 못 쓰게 되었다.  

2 .

액체 따위가 졸아들다.

찌개가 닳아서 짜다.

3 .

피부가 얼어서 붉어지다.

혹한에 닳은 살.

4 .

기름 따위가 쓰여 줄다.

그 차는 기름이 많이 닳는다.

5 .

세파에 시달리거나 어려운 일을 많이 겪어 성질이나 생각 따위가 약아지다.

영어사전

닳다 

1. (해어지다) wear (out/down)   

2. (건전지가) run down   

3. ('닳고 닳다'의 형태로 쓰여)

rub  friction 

영어사전

friction 

1. 마찰   2. (두 표면 사이의 마찰에 의한) 마찰 저항   3. (사람 사이의) 마찰

프랑스어사전

friction [fʀiksjɔ̃] 

1. (신체의) 마찰,마사지,(특히 이발소의) 머리 감기기 

2. [비유] 불화,알력

friction (n.)

1560s, "a chafing, rubbing," from Middle French friction (16c.) and directly 

from Latin frictionem (nominative frictio) "a rubbing, rubbing down," 

noun of action from past participle stem of fricare "to rub, rub down," 

which is of uncertain origin. Watkins suggests possibly from 

PIE root *bhreie- "to rub, break." De Vaan suggests a PIE bhriH-o- "to cut"

 and compares Sanskrit bhrinanti, Old Church Slavonic briti "to shave."

 Sense of "resistance to motion" is from 1722; figurative sense of 

"disagreement, clash, lack of harmony, mutual irritation" first recorded 1761.

국어사전

마찰하다 (摩擦--)

1. 두 물체가 서로 닿아 비벼지다. 또는 그렇게 하다. 

2. 이해나 의견이 서로 다른 사...

영어사전

마찰(마찰하다) (摩擦) 

1. (물체의) friction, rub (sth together / sth against sth)   

2. (의견·이해 등의) friction 

擦 비빌,찰 

ㅌ-->ㅊ 발음변천

탈-->닳(고유어)

탈-->찰 (한자발음)

떨어지다 점점 사라지는 것 없어지는 것.

destroy (v.)

early 13c., from Old French destruire (12c., Modern French détruire) 

"destroy, ravage, lay waste," from Vulgar Latin *destrugere 

(source of Italian distruggere), refashioned (influenced by destructus),

 from Latin destruere "tear down, demolish," literally "un-build," 

from de- "un-, down" (see de-) + struere "to pile, build" 

(from PIE *streu-, extended form of root *stere- "to spread").

떼졌어 혹은 디졌어(죽었어)-->어원

de 떼 (분리,이탈)+stere 닳아 (소모되어,없어져) 혹은 줄어 (감소)

Proto-Dravidian : *tēj-

Meaning : to rub, wear off

Proto-South Dravidian: *tēj-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *tēj-

Meaning : to rub; to wear away

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tēy (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to wear away by friction, be rubbed, wane as the moon, waste away as oil in a lamp, be emaciated, grow thin, become weakened, pass away (time), be effaced, erased, obliterated, destroyed, die

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to rub, rub away, waste by rubbing, reduce, destroy, scrub, scour, polish, efface, erase, obliterate, pare, shave, rub in (ointment); tēy-mān_am loss by wear and tear; tēyvu wearing away, lessening, abrasion, diminution, emaciation, decay, decline; tēyvai fragrant unguent made by trituration

Malayalam : tēyuka

Malayalam meaning : to be rubbed off, be worn out, waste

Malayalam derivates : tēkkuka (tēcc-) to rub, smear, clean, polish, sharpen; caus. tēppikka; tēccal waste from rubbing; tēppu rubbing, scratch, polishing; tēmānam waste from rubbing

Kannada : tē, tēy(u)

Kannada meaning : to grind, triturate or macerate in water on a slab, waste by use, wear away as a metal vessel, be chafed or galled as the foot

Kannada derivates : tēmāna waste from rubbing, esp. metals; tege to grind one substance on another, as sandalwood on stone

Kodagu : tēy- (tēyuv-, tēñj-)

Kodagu meaning : to wear off (intr.)

Kodagu derivates : (tēp-, tēc-) id. (tr.), smear, whitewash

Tulu : tēpuni

Tulu meaning : to rub, polish

Tulu derivates : tēpu rubbing, whetting, polishing as a precious stone; tēpa-kallu a polishing stone, whetstone; tēpanè rubbing, polishing as a precious stone; tēmā̆na loss in assaying metals, waste by polishing; tēduni to grind, macerate; sējuni to sharpen, whet, polish

Proto-Nilgiri : *tēy-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *tēy-

Meaning : to become worn down, lean; rub, wear down (tr.)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tēy- (tēc-)

Additional forms : Also Kota tēv leanness; tēvn n. pr. man; fem. tēvy

Number in DED : 3458

Miscellaneous : KOR (M) tēdɨ to rub

Number in DED : 3458

Proto-Telugu : *tē(j)-

 

Proto-Telugu : *tē(j)-

Meaning : worn out, wasted

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tēgaḍa

Additional forms : Also tēyu to be worn or wasted; wear by use, handling or rubbing

Number in DED : 3458

avi 업이 없이 없어 

mal 말라 末 沒

Meaning : "destroy" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *aẓí-

Meaning : to perish, be destroyed

Proto-South Dravidian: *aẓi-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *aẓi-

Meaning : to perish, die

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : aẓi (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to perish, be ruined, decay, be mutilated, fail, be defeated, suffer, be used up

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, spend, ruin, damage, efface, bring to a close; n. ruin, destruction; aẓipu, aẓippu destruction; aẓimpu evil deed; aẓimpan_ one who does evil; aẓivatu harm; aẓivu destruction, loss, immoral action, expenditure, defeat, distress; aẓan_, aẓan_am corpse (or with DEDR 284)

Malayalam : aẓiyuka

Malayalam meaning : to be destroyed, spent, sold, become loose, untied

Malayalam derivates : aẓikka to loose, waste, spend; aẓi, aẓivu, aẓiccal expense; aẓayuka to slacken (intr.); aẓekka to loosen, slacken

Kannada : aẓi

Kannada meaning : to be ruined, be destroyed, perish, decay, disappear, die; to ruin, destroy, etc.; n. ruin, waste, damage, loss

Kannada derivates : aẓipu, aẓavu, aẓivu, aẓusu, aẓiyisu, aẓisu, aẓicu, aẓupu to destroy; aẓipu, aẓivu, aẓihu, aẓupu, aẓuvu, aẓuhu, aẓvu ruin, destruction, death; aẓika destroyer; aẓikisu to efface, erase; (PBh.) aẓkāḍu to be consumed, finished; aḷar_u to be destroyed

Tulu : arpuni

Tulu meaning : to efface, waste, obliterate

Tulu derivates : aḷipuni, aḷiyuni, alipuni to perish, die, be destroyed, be ruined; aliyuni to perish, die, become extinct; alivu, aḷikaṭṭu, aḷiyantara extinction, ruin; areḍuni to spoil, corrupt, mar, destroy, ruin

Proto-Nilgiri : *aṛĭ-

Number in DED : 0277

Proto-Telugu : *aṛi- / *ṛa-

 

Proto-Telugu : *aṛi- / *ṛa-

Meaning : damage, harm, injury, loss

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ḍakkā

Inscriptional Telugu : ṛaccu "to destroy"

Additional forms : Also aḍiy-āsa vain hopes; aḍuva, (coll.) aḍava old, damaged (as goods); ḍappi destruction, ruin; (inscr.) ṛassi infringing; aṛisina which destroys; aṛipuṭa n. causing destruction

Notes : Since the exact conditions of aphaeresis in Telugu are unknown, it is reasonable to suggest that all of the forms here stem from the same source (although it is also possible that extra borrowings from Kannaḍa are involved).

Number in DED : 277

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aṛ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aṛ-

Meaning : to perish; to destroy

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *aṛi-s-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *āṛ-

Notes on correspondences : In PK possibly *-aṛ- > *-āṛ- (or only in Kui? or only in the anlaut position in Kui? Debatable.)

Notes : Parji anḍkip- "to destroy, kill", etc., do not belong here (despite DEDR), but rather to PDR *aṇá-ŋ- q.v. // Present in 3/6 branches.

Proto-Dravidian : *aví-

Meaning : to destroy; to extinguish; to be tired

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *avi-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *avi-

Meaning : to repress; to perish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : avi (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to become repressed, subdued, cease, desist from action, become extinguished, fail, diminish, perish

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to suppress, repress, subdue, extinguish, destroy; avivu extinction, annihilation; navi (-pp-, -tt-), naviẓ (-pp-, -tt-) to extinguish

Malayalam : avikka, amikka

Malayalam meaning : to destroy

Kannada : avi

Kannada meaning : to go out, be extinguished, perish

Proto-Nilgiri : *avĭ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *avĭ-

Meaning : to calm down (intr.), cease talking

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : ofy- (ofs-)

Additional forms : Also Toda ofy- (ofc-) to calm (tr.), make to cease talking

Number in DED : 267

Notes : Tamil navi and naviẓ are a rather obvious result of contamination between this stem and PSDR *navai- ~ *namai- 'to trouble, etc.'.

Number in DED : 0267

Proto-Telugu : *avi-

 

Proto-Telugu : *avi-

Meaning : to be destroyed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : aviyu

Number in DED : 267

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *avi-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *avi-

Meaning : to be tired

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *avi-

Notes : The variation in close, but different meanings suggests that the root may have been open to semantic contamination with several others (cf. in particular Tamil forms with initial n- which are contaminated phonetically as well). Konḍa namb- 'to cool down (fire)' is given by Burrow & Emeneau as a questionable cognate, but is certainly a different root (there is no way whatsoever that it could correspond to Gondi aviyānā 'to be tired'!). // Present in 3/6 branches.

Proto-Dravidian : *māḷ-

Meaning : to die; to destroy

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *māḷ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *māḷ-

Meaning : to die, perish; to cease

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : māḷ (māḷv-, māṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to die, perish, be exhausted, expended or finished

Tamil derivates : māṭṭu (māṭṭi-) to kill, destroy, remove, cause to disappear; māṇṭār the dead; maṭku (maṭki-) to be dim, deprived of lustre, glory, or brilliance, lose strength, be destroyed

Kannada : māṇ

Kannada meaning : to stop, cease, subside, be laid aside, be got rid of, be checked or repressed, desist from, cease from, give over

Kannada derivates : māḷ to cease, etc.

Tulu : māṇāvuni, mānāvuni

Tulu meaning : to lessen, decrease, abate

Notes : Kannada and Tulu forms are derived by analogy with the past stem (*mānḍ-).

Number in DED : 4831

Proto-Telugu : *māl-

 

Proto-Telugu : *māl-

Meaning : to be spoiled, be destroyed, be removed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mālu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : malãgu "to cease, stop (as births and deaths), (sins) to diminish"

Additional forms : Also mālucu to stop, set aside, remove; malugu to be extinguished, (K also) be reduced, diminish (as hunger), (lamp) goes down due to lack of oil; malupu to extinguish, put out, destroy; (K) malãpu to remove, extinguish; manũgu, (K also) manuvu to die

Number in DED : 4831

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maḷ-aŋ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maḷ-aŋ-

Meaning : to erase, wipe

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *mḷa-ŋ- (caus. *mḷak-)

Proto-Dravidian : *oḍ-uŋ-

Meaning : to crush, destroy

Proto-South Dravidian: *oḍ-uŋ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *oḍ-uŋ-

Meaning : to reduce; to finish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : oṭuŋku (oṭuŋki-)

Tamil meaning : to be restrained, become tranquil, become reduced, grow less, shrink, slide to one side (as when meeting a superior), be subservient, be concealed, hidden, cease (as noise), be weary

Tamil derivates : oṭukku (oṭukki-) to subjugate, reduce, restrain, subdue, rob; n. contraction, compression, that which is narrow, dent or depression in a metal utensil; oṭukkam narrowness, closeness, self-restraint, reduction, contraction, place of concealment, secrecy, gradual sinking (of circumstances, of the powers of the body); oṭuŋkal obstacle, impediment; oṭuŋki tortoise (as that which contracts)

Malayalam : oṭuŋŋuka

Malayalam meaning : to come to an end, die (esp. of small-pox)

Malayalam derivates : oṭukkuka to finish, destroy; oṭukkam the end; finally; oṭuka to come to an end; oṭuvu the end

Kannada : uḍugu, uḍagu

Kannada meaning : to subdue, restrain; shrink, shrivel, contract, be bent, decrease, fail, fade, be finished, desist, leave, quit, abandon, stop, remove

Kannada derivates : uḍugisu, uḍagisu to cause to shrink, etc.; lessen (as strength); uḍukisu to restrain, keep in, tighten, compress, straighten, vex, oppress

Tulu : oḍuŋgelụ, oḍuŋkelụ, oḍkelụ, oḍka

Tulu meaning : the end

Tulu derivates : oḍuŋgeluni to cease to bear fruit

Proto-Nilgiri : *oḍ-ǝg-

Number in DED : 0954

Proto-Telugu : *uḍ-ug-

 

Proto-Telugu : *uḍ-ug-

Meaning : to give up, quit, leave, stop, cease, desist from

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : uḍugu

Dialectal forms (1) : uḍuvu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : ḍuŋku "to be lowered, diminish, be subdued"

Additional forms : Also uḍupu to remove, efface, wipe away (or with 1009); ḍoŋku to dry up, sink, be absorbed, disappear, (K. also) diminish, shrink, hesitate; (K) dō̃ku water to sink down

Number in DED : 954

Proto-North Dravidian : *oṛg-

지다 떨어지다 

져삐-->어원

적 죽 죽다의 어근 죽 듁다 뎍다 

Proto-Dravidian : *tav- (?)

Meaning : 1 to destroy 2 to die

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tav-/*tap-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *tav-/*tap-

Meaning : to perish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tapu (? -pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to perish, come to an end, die

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy; taputi ruin, death; tappu (tappi-) to die; tava (-pp-, -nt-) to cease; tavar_u (tavar_i-) to die; tava (-pp-, -nt-) to cease; tavar_u (tavar_i-) to die; tavu (? -v-, -nt- or -pp-, -tt-) to shrink, be reduced, be ruined; taval diminishing, decreasing, failure, death, poverty; tavvu (tavvi-) to lessen, decrease, shrink, perish, decay, waste away; n. shrinking, perishing, decay; tāvu (tāvi-) to perish, decay (usually in neg. forms), be removed, disappear; n. ruin; tā decay, destruction, fault, blemish, defect, deficiency

Kannada : tavaḷisu

Kannada meaning : to destroy, cause to droop or fade

Kannada derivates : tavir, tavil want, poverty, trouble; tavisu to cause to decrease or be diminished, make an end of, destroy, remove; tavu to decrease, be diminished, waste away, come to an end, perish, diminish (tr.), destroy; n. decrease, destruction, ruin, drooping, depressed or humble state; tavuge decrease, end; tavuŋku = tavu vb.; tavuŋkal diminution, ruin; tave to decrease, wane, be insufficient; tagusi decrease, want, deficiency; (PBh.) tappudu it will be wasted, it will perish, wane, decrease, come to an end

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav-

Meaning : to die

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tav- (tat-)

Toda : ? tōn "the deceased (e. g. tōn mox the dead boy, tōn wɨs_ēn the decreased Wɨs_ēn)"

Additional forms : Also Kota tavīr (< tav-ayr-; tavrc-< tav-arc-) to kill; tāv death, corpse, funeral; tā pay, tā vay, tā vī house where there is a death; tā nāṛ place where corpse is cremated

Number in DED : 3068

Number in DED : 3068

Notes : SDR root.