바꾸다 는 뜻 맺다 맞-,바끄-,갈다 의 어원

[나비우스]

관계를 맺다 

맺다는 것도 교환하다 바꾸다는 뜻을 가지고 있다.

맞바꾸다 에서 맞- 역시 마찬가지다.

ㅂ-->ㅁ 으로 발음변천 

갈다 역시 바꾸다,교체하다 

swap (v.)

c. 1200, "to strike, strike the hands together," of uncertain origin, 

possibly imitative of the sound of hitting or slapping. 

The sense of "to exchange, barter, trade" is first recorded 1590s,

 possibly from the notion of slapping hands together as a sign of 

agreement in bargaining (as in strike a bargain). Related: Swapped;

 swapping. The noun in this sense is attested from 1620s; earlier

 "a striking, an act of striking" (mid-13c.).

w는 과거 v발음

s는 서로 

wap에서 p는 r발음의 변음.

war 는 phar와 같다고 보면 된다.

바꾸다는 뜻이 된다.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lek / *leŋ

Meaning: change

Chinese: 易 *lek change.

 

Lushai: thleŋ to change, exchange for.

Kiranti: *léŋ / *lék

 

Comments: Cf. Austric: PAA *lVk 'exchange', Tai *lɛ:k id., PAN *balik 'turn, change'.

Proto-IE: *weik(')-

Meaning: change

Germanic: *wīx-sl-(i)-a- m., n., *wix-s-l-a- m., n.

Latin: vix*: gen. vicis, acc. vicem, abl. vice, pl. vicēs, dat.-abl. vicibus `Wechsel, Abwechslung, Wechselseitigkeit'; vicārius `den Platz einnehmend, ergänzend'

Celtic: OIr fiach `mutuum, Geschuldetes, Schuld'

Russ. meaning: обмен, перемена

Proto-IE: *(e)meyǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to change

Hittite: immija- (I) 'mischen' (Tischler 356-357)

Tokharian: B mi- 'befool, deceive'; ? B mäsk- 'exchange' (Adams 459, 460)

Old Indian: mayate `to exchange, barter', ni-maya- m. `barter, change, exchange'; mení- f. `wrath, vengeance'

Avestan: maēni- `Strafe, Bestrafung'

Slavic: aor. 3 sg. OCS iz-mětъ sę `veränderte sich'; *mēnā, *mēnītī

Baltic: *maĩ-n-a- c., *mai-n-a- c., *maî-n-ā̂, *mai-n-jā̂ (1/2) f., *maî-n-ī̂- (1/2) vb., *mī̂- (2) vb. intr.

Germanic: *mai-n-i- adj., *mai-n-ia- vb.

Latin: mūnis, -e `dienstfertig', commūnis, -e (OLat comoine[m]) `gemeinsam, gemeinschaftlich, allgemein', immūnis, -e `frei von Leistungen, abgabenfrei, undienstfertig, ledigt'; pl. mūnia (OLat moenia) `Leistungen, Pflichten, Berufgeschäfte', mūniceps `Bürger einer Kleinstadt', mūnus, -eris n. (OLat moenus) `Leistung als Aufgabe, Amt, Wirkungskreis, Dienst'

Other Italic: Osk nom. sg. f. múíníkú `communis', múínikad `communi', Umbr muneklu `munus, sportulam'

Celtic: *moin- > OIr mōin, māin `Kostbarkeit, Schatz', dag-mōini `gute Gaben, Wohltaten'

Russ. meaning: менять, давать в замен

Proto-IE: *(a)meigʷ-

Meaning: to change

Old Greek: améi̯bō, -omai̯ `wechseln, (ver)tauschen, eintauschen', med. auch `antworten, vergelten'; amoi̯bó- `ablösend, zum Entgelt', amoi̯bǟ́ `Wechsel, Tausch(handel), Vergeltung, Dank, Antwort usw.'

Latin: migrāre `wandern, ziehen, übersiedeln; sich verändern', tr. `wegbringen, fortschaffen; übertreten, überschreiten'

Russ. meaning: менять

Proto-IE: *meit- (-th-)

Meaning: to change

Old Indian: méthati, mithati `to alternate; to couple, unite, meet'; mithás adv. `together, mutually'; míthū, míthus, mithuyā́, mithyā́ adv. `alternately, pervertedly'

Avestan: miɵō adv. `verkehrt, falsch'; miɵwa-, miδwana-, miɵwara- adj. `gepaart', maēɵa- `schwankend'

Slavic: *mītē; *mītūsь; *mьstь, *mьstā

Baltic: *meit-ō̂- vb., *meit-u- c., *mit-ē̂- vb.

Germanic: *maid-ia- vb., *maiɵ-m-a- m., -ō f.; *mis=

Latin: mūtāre `ändern, verändern; verwechseln, vertauschen; um-, eintauschen'; mūtitāre `im Vorsitz abwechseln'; mūtuus, -a `geborgt, geliehen; wechselseitig, gegenseitig', mūtuum n. `Wechselseitigkeit'

Russ. meaning: менять

Proto-Altaic: *kălo

Meaning: to change, borrow

Russian meaning: менять, брать в долг

Turkic: *Kalɨm

 

Proto-Turkic: *Kalɨm

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ransom for bride 2 fee

Russian meaning: 1 выкуп за невесту 2 штраф, подать

Old Turkic: qalan (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qalɨŋ (MK) 1

Turkish: kalɨn 1

Tatar: qalɨm 1

Middle Turkic: qalɨn (Houts., Pav. C., Буд.) 1

Uzbek: qalin

Turkmen: Galɨŋ 2

Khakassian: xalɨm 1

Oyrat: qalɨm, qalɨŋ 1

Chuvash: xolъm 1

Yakut: xalɨm, xalɨ̄m 1

Tuva: xɨlɨŋ 1 (dial. Todzh.)

Tofalar: xɨlɨm 1

Kirghiz: qalɨŋ 1

Kazakh: qalɨŋ 1

Noghai: qalɨm 1

Bashkir: qalɨm 1

Balkar: qalɨn 1

Karakalpak: qalɨŋ 1

Kumyk: qalɨm 1

Comments: VEWT 226, TMN 3, 399, 488, ЭСТЯ 5, 239-240, Федотов 2, 354. Turk. > Mong. qalan 'fee, tax' (Щербак 1997, 197).

Mongolian: *kala-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kala-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to change, alternate

Russian meaning: менять, чередовать

Written Mongolian: qala- (L 916)

Khalkha: xala-

Buriat: xala-

Kalmuck: xalǝ-

Ordos: xala-

Dagur: xala-; kālā- 'to change, make better' (Тод. Даг. 148, MD 181), xāla- (Тод. Даг. 173)

Comments: KW 162, MGCD 319. ( > Evk. kala-, Man. χala- etc., ТМС 1, 364, Doerfer MT 81). Cf. also qalamǯi 'care, attention'.

Tungus-Manchu: *kalma-gda

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kalma-gda

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rich bride

Russian meaning: богатая невеста (за которую брали большой калым)

Negidal: kalmagda

Ulcha: qalmaǯa

Oroch: kamaǯa

Comments: ТМС 1, 367.

Korean: *kắr-

 

Proto-Korean: *kắr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to change

Russian meaning: менять

Modern Korean: kal-

Middle Korean: kắr-

Comments: Nam 20, KED 43.

Japanese: *kár-

 

Proto-Japanese: *kár-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to borrow

Russian meaning: брать в долг

Old Japanese: kar-

Middle Japanese: kár-

Tokyo: kàri-

Kyoto: kárí-

Kagoshima: karí-

Comments: JLTT 704. The transitive match ('to lend') is PJ *kár-s- > OJ kás-.

Comments: EAS 46, 154, АПиПЯЯ 75, Martin 228. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular, so the accent reconstruction here is difficult; note that the Kor. high tone here must be archaic, because it resists the general Korean tendency to introduce low tone into all verbal forms.

Meaning : "change" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *mād_-

Meaning : 1 to exchange 2 to return

Proto-South Dravidian: *mār_-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *mār_-

Meaning : to change

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : mār_u (mār_i-)

Tamil meaning : to become changed, exchanged, altered, reversed, be cured, be corrected, have a change of residence, retreat (as showing one's back), become false, sell, exchange (as goods), barter, deny; n. mutation, change, enmity, hostility, anything that disagrees or is unsuitable, death, birth, recompense, return, reply, contrariety, contradiction, change or substitute (as of a garment), alternative

Tamil derivates : mār_upaṭu to be changed, be opposed, disagree, differ, be discordant, be in contrast, be inimical; mār_upāṭu opposition, perverseness, unsuitability, disagreeableness, discrepancy, double-dealing; mār_r_u (mār_r_i-) to change, alter, rectify, convert, cure, set right, dispel, relieve, remove, derange, change or alter for the worse, repel, expel, hinder, prevent, deny, refuse, destroy, cancel, repeal, change (as money), exchange, barter, traffic, trade, shift, transfer, be interrupted, fail (as rains), detain; n. changing, removal, destruction, barter, exchange, sale, clothes freshly washed, similarity, resemblance; mār_r_umai contrariety, diversity; mār_r_am diversity, hatred, remedy, word of challenge, vow, answer, reply, word; mār_r_ān_ enemy; mār_r_āḷ rival wife; māṭṭu word

Malayalam : mār_uka

Malayalam meaning : to be changed, altered, change place, remove to a distance, be healed, subside, cease, exchange, barter

Malayalam derivates : mār_u change; mār_r_am change, barter, trade, diversity, reply, word; mār_r_al curing; mār_r_i person who fails, unfortunate; mār_r_u change (chiefly of raiment), reply, word; mār_r_uka to change, substitute, remove

Kannada : mār_u

Kannada meaning : to be opposite, be hostile, oppose, take or give one thing for another, barter, sell, be sold, sell (intr.), be changed into another form, change; n. state of being other, different or next, that of being changed or altered, that which is given in exchange, that which is put for sale, selling, sale, state of being opposite or hostile, state of being reflected

Kannada derivates : mār_uḷi another business or affair; mār_āḷi barterer, seller, Vaiśya; mār_isu to cause to sell, exchange, change; mārpu exchange, change; mārma, marma an opponent; mātu, māta word, saying, language, promise, slander, rumour, antidote, remedy; mātāḷi a talkative, garrulous man; mātuga, mātugār_a a talkative man; fem. mātugārti; mātugār_ike, mātugār_atana loquacity

Kodagu : mār- (māri-)

Kodagu meaning : to sell

Kodagu derivates : māt- (māti-) to change (tr.)

Tulu : māruni

Tulu meaning : to sell, dispose of

Tulu derivates : mārāṭa sale, barter, exchange; mārāvuni to cause to sell, get sold; mār-nuḍi a reply; mārpāṭa change, alteration; māduni to turn about; mādā̆vuni to turn about, turn the face to another quarter; mādụ turning about; mātụkathe conversation, intercourse; māpuni to undress, change dress; martè selling, bargain

Proto-Nilgiri : *mār_-

Number in DED : 4834

Proto-Telugu : *mār_-

 

Proto-Telugu : *mār_-

Meaning : return, giving in return, exchange, barter, substitute, equivalent, opposition, contradiction, answer, reply, a time, repetition; equal, different, other, another, changed, altered, turned, averted, given or said in return; vb. to be changed, altered or turned into a new form, be transformed, pass, be current, be cashed, be destroyed, perish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mār_u

Additional forms : Also mār_ũ-dalli stepmother; mār_u-konu to oppose, attack, face, front; mār_ugā instead of, in lieu of, in place of, as a substitute or equivalent for; [1] mār_ucu, [2] mārcu to change, alter, modify, convert, turn into a different thing, transform, transmute, exchange, barter, serve as food, kill, destroy; mār_utũḍu enemy, foe; mār_udala change; [1] mār_upu, [2] mārpu, [3] mār_akamu change, alteration, modification, conversion, act of turning or state of being turned into something different, exchange, barter; mār_umāṭa reply, opposition, contradiction, synonym; mār_aṭa in lieu of, instead of; substituted, equivalent; mār_aṭa(mu) contradiction, opposition, quarrelling; mār_āḍu to contradict, quarrel, oppose

Number in DED : 4834

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mād_-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mād_-

Meaning : to barter, exchange

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : mār_- (-it-)

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *mās-k-

Notes : PK *māsk- is a plural action form < *mād_-k-. It is a PK innovation.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ph]ăr

Meaning: change, exchange

Chinese: 幡 *phar to change, turn.

Tibetan: phar interest (on money); exchange.

Burmese: phan to shuffle (cards).

Kachin: (H) mǝbai to change course, bai to repeat, do over again (?).

Lepcha: a-far price, par buy

Comments: BG: Garo phal sell, Bodo pan to sell; Rgyarung mphar be for sale. Ben. 35.