# Paragraph 3
Patriarchy has been the norm in almost all agricultural and industrial socieities. It has tenaciously(결연하게/완강하게) weathered political upheavals, social revolutions and economic transformations. e) Egypt
# Paragraph 4
Since patriarchy is so universal, it cannot be the product of some vicious circle that was kick-started by a chance occurrence. It is far more likely that even though the precise definition of 'man' and 'woman' varies between cultures, there is some universal biological reason why almost all cultures valued manhood over womanhood.