범,호 虎 ,고양이,묘 猫 한자상고음과 tiger의 어원,범의 어원

[나비우스]

tiger 호랑이 虎

한자상고음 khlahla 타클라 혹은 챠클라 혹은  카클라

kh는 ch와도 호환된다.

h는 과거는 kh의 발음.

일단 고양이를 보자!

cat

고양이

프랑스어 chat  샤 라고 발음한다.

cat의 c는 원래 t발음에서 시작함을 알 수가 있다.

ㅌ-->ㅊ-->ㅅ

ㅊ<--->ㅎ<--->ㅋ

독일어 die Katze 네덜란드어 kat 스웨덴어 katt

러시아어 ко́шка 코쉬커; кот. 카트

ch ㅊ ㅋ ㅎ ㅅ 발음이 왔다갔다 하는 것을 영어단어를 통해서도 

많이 봤을 것이다.

스페인어에서는 gato라고 부르는데 역시 어원은 같다.

발음이 변했을 뿐이다.

받침 ㅌ-->ㄷ-->ㄹ-->ㅎ-->ㅋ으로 변하기도 한다.

받침 ㅌ-->ㅊ-->ㅅ 혹은 ㅌ-->th번데기-->ㅅ으로도 변하기도 한다.

Buch 부흐 독일어 책 영어는 book 북 

bench 벤치,teach  -->ch는 ㅊ으로 발음난다.

프라하를 프래그 라고 하기도 하고 ...

champion을 챔피언 프랑스어에서는 샹피옹 ㅅ으로 발음하기도 한다.

이렇게 발음이 변하니 다른 언어처럼 보이지.ㅋㅋㅋ

이런 발음변화에도 규칙이 있기때문에 이것만 잘 파악해도 외국어를 쉽게

체득을 할 수가 있는 것이다.

세상의 모든 언어들은 고리에 고리를 물고 다 연결되어 있다.

모든 인류는 하나에서 출발을 하였다.

몽골어 муур 모-르 

포르--> 보르--> 모르

푸르-->부르-->무르

표범의 '표' 나 puma 의 '퓨'나 어원은 같다.

발음이 변한 것이다.

고양이 猫 묘 한자발음은 몽골어에서 온 것이다.

따지고 보면 아프리카에서 시작된 말이지만..ㅋㅋ

인류는 아프리카에서 나왔는데  우리말은 그 중에서도

세소토어와 르완다어 와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 한다.

물론 줄루어니 기타 아프리카어의 단어의 영향을 조금씩 받았다고 한다.

묘 라는 말은 여러 뜻이 있다.

사자,치타,표범 지역에 따라 뜻을 달리 한다.그러나 비슷하다.

아프리카시절 부터 전 인류가 써 온 말이었다.

호랑이 역시 고양이과 동물로 야생 고양이과다.

삵 이 고대어로 가면 tiger랑 비슷한 발음이 될 것이다.

tig가 특 -->측-->슥-->삭

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*mrāw]

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mHar[G]VwV

Meaning: wild cat

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

 

Borean (approx.) : MVRV

Meaning : wild cat

Afroasiatic : *mary-

 

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *mary-

Meaning: wild cat, lion, leopard

Semitic: *namir- 'leopard' (<*na-mir- or met. <*mir-an-)

Egyptian: mꜣy (pyr) 'lion'

 

Old Egyptian: mꜣy (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lion'

Coptic: *muy

Akhmimic: moui

Bohairic: moui

Sahidic: moui

Notes: Otherwise <*mVʔ-, cf. ECh *muʔi- 'lion': Smr mī: [Jg], mi, mui [Lk: 80], Tum mui, Ndam mui [?]

Western Chadic: *mur(mur)- 'cheetah' 1, 'jackal' 2, 'hyena' 3

 

Proto-WChadic: *mur(mur)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'chetah' 1, 'jackal' 2, 'hyena' 3

Dera=Kanakuru: mūmuru 1 [NmK]

Polchi: mur 2 [Cs N 261]

Bokos: mùrûm 3 [JgR]

Sha: mùrûm 3 [JgR]

Daffo-Butura: mùrûm 3 [JgR]

Central Chadic: *mVrVw- 'lion' 1, 'wild cat, serval' 2

 

Proto-CChadic: *mVrVw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lion' 1, 'wild cat, serval' 2

Lame: mereo, mēr 2 [Kr N 170, 169]

Peve: méríáǹ 2 [Kr N170]

Zime-Dari: mérēw 2 [Cpr]

Zime-Batna: mēr 2 [Sa]

Masa: múr 2 [CC] animal sauvage

East Chadic: *muʔi- 'lion' (if <*musi)

 

Proto-EChadic: *muʔi-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lion'

Somrai: mī: [Jg], mi, mui [Lk: 80]

Tumak: mui [Cp

Sokoro: mi, mui [Lk:80]

Notes: Note that ECh may originate from *mV r as well

Low East Cushitic: *mor- 'lion'

 

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *mor-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'lion'

Oromo (Galla): Cf. marode id.

Dasenech (Geleba): mor Hohenberger 1966

South Cushitic: *mary- 'wild cat' 1, 'leopard' 2, 'lion' 3

 

Proto-South Cushitic: *mary-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'wild cat' 1, 'leopard' 2, 'lion' 3

Gorowa (Fiome): mariri-ka 2

Alagwa (Wasi): mariyamo 1

Asa-Aramanic: mer-ok 3

Omotic: Ong mirila (ST) = merнla / mirнla id., morle "serval, genet" (Fl) = Ts moralle "leopard" (ST) + NS

Notes: Cf. HSED 1760 (*mer- 'beast of prey': CCh.; SCush.) and HSED 1886 *numur-: Sem. 'leopard' (<"spotted"); W.Ch. (Ron) 'hyaena'. Cf. also EDE I 56-7: Eg.; ECush.; S.Cush.; C.Ch.

Sino-Caucasian : *mHar[G]VwV

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mHar[G]VwV

Meaning: wild cat

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *mHarGVwV

Sino-Tibetan: [*mrāw]

Austric : PAN *harimaw 'wild cat' (Blust: *qarimauŋ)

North Caucasian: *mHarGVwV

 

Proto-North Caucasian: *mHarGVwV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tom-cat

Proto-Tsezian: *maʁ:ur- (~-χ-)

Proto-Lak: q:urmaw

Proto-Lezghian: *marq:Iaw

Notes: An expressive root, liable to metatheses and irregular transformation. Seems, however, to be genuine. (In a funny way, Musayev lists a Darg. word from the Muir. dialect: q̇urmaIw 'mouse' (sic!)).

Sino-Tibetan: [*mrāw]

 

Meaning: wild cat

Chinese: 貓 *mhrāw wild cat, cat.

 

Character: 貓

Modern (Beijing) reading: māo

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhrāw

Classic Old Chinese: mhrāw

Western Han Chinese: mhrāw

Eastern Han Chinese: mhrāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄w

Middle Chinese: mạw

English meaning : cat, wild cat

Russian meaning[s]: кошка

Comments: Also read *mhraw, MC mew id. Viet. mèo is colloquial; standard Sino-Vietnamese is miêu. For *mh cf. Xiamen miau¹, Chaozhou ŋiǝu¹, Longdu māw¹; Shaowu mau⁷, Guangzhou māu¹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 2207

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 貓

MC description : 效開二平肴明

ZIHUI: 6292 1289

Beijing: mau 11

Jinan: mɔ 12

Xi'an: mau 12

Taiyuan: mau 1

Hankou: mau 11

Chengdu: mau 12; miau 11

Yangzhou: mɔ 12

Suzhou: mä 12

Wenzhou: muɔ 11

Changsha: miau 12 (lit.); mau 12

Shuangfeng: miǝ 12 (lit.); mǝ 11

Nanchang: miɛu 31 (lit.); mau 31

Meixian: miau 3

Guangzhou: māu 11

Xiamen: miau 12 (lit.); miaũ 11; ma 12

Chaozhou: ŋiǝu 11

Fuzhou: mieu 12

Shanghai: mɔ 32

Radical: 153

Four-angle index: 1748

Karlgren code: 1159 c

Vietnamese reading: mèo

Comments: Bodo maw-zi cat.

Proto-Altaic: *máĺe

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *maĺV

Meaning: small predator

Indo-European: ? Lat. mēlēs, mēlis 'marten, badger', ?? Kash. mälc 'badger'

Altaic: *máĺe

Kartvelian: *mal-

 

Proto-Kartvelian: *mal-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лиса

English meaning: fox

Georgian: mela-

Megrel: mela-

Svan: māl-, ma(l)w-, mal-

Laz: mel-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 125-126, Климов 1994, 124-126 (с реконструкцией *mēl-). Сравнение с ПИЕ *mēlo- 'мелкое животное' (Климов ibid.) несколько сомнительно, поскольку в индоевропейских языках корень обозначает прежде всего домашнее животное (см. Walde 2, 296).

References: Blazhek KM 136-7, ND 1416a *m[E]ĺV 'small predator' ( + Chad.).

Meaning: wild cat

Russian meaning: дикий кот

Turkic: *bɨńĺ(ɨk)

 

Proto-Turkic: *bɨńĺ(ɨk)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cat

Russian meaning: кошка

Karakhanid: müš (MK)

Turkish: pɨšɨk (dial.), pisi

Tatar: pesi, dial. mɨšɨq

Middle Turkic: pišik, mušuq (Pav. C., Abush., MA)

Uzbek: mušuk

Uighur: möšük

Sary-Yughur: miš, mišik

Azerbaidzhan: pišik

Turkmen: pišik

Oyrat: mɨžɨq

Halaj: pušuq

Kirghiz: mɨšɨq

Kazakh: mɨsɨq

Noghai: mɨsɨq

Bashkir: bisäj

Karakalpak: pɨšɨq

Salar: mišix

Kumyk: mišik, bišew

Comments: VEWT 337, EDT 772, ЭСТЯ 7. Cf., however, OUygh. mɨšqɨč < Sogd. mwškyšč id. Tur. pisi, Tat. pesi are expressive calling forms, which may explain their irregularity (medial -s-).

Mongolian: *malur

 

Proto-Mongolian: *malur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild cat

Russian meaning: дикий кот

Written Mongolian: malur (L 525)

Khalkha: malar

Tungus-Manchu: *mala-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mala-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild cat; steppe hare

Russian meaning: дикая степная кошка; степной заяц

Literary Manchu: malaxi

Comments: ТМС 1, 523. Novikova (Новикова 1972, 122) quotes Mong. maluqai (from "Пятиязычный словарь", Пекин 1957, III, 4919) as the source of the Manchu word.

Japanese: *músásà(m)pì

 

Comments: In Jpn. -u- is irregular (*-ǝ- would be expected); this is probably a distortion in a long word. Turkic, as in a number of other cases, preserves here some traces of nasalization.

삵 -->어원

ㅅ은 ㅌ에서 변한 것

삵이라면 본디 맹수로써 호랑이, 표범, 늑대가 사라진 우리나라 야생의 최상위 포식자

살쾡이

괴 

타밀어 Puli

텔루구어 Puli

힌디어 baagh

칸나다어 Huli

구자라트어 Vāgha

네팔어 Bāgha

마라티어 Vāgha

말라얄람어 kaṭuva

벵골어 Bāgha

신할라어 koṭi

터키어 kaplan

몽골어 бар 바르

베트남어 con hổ  호

세소토어 nkoe

Proto-IE: *katt-

Meaning: cat

Slavic: *kotъ, *kotъkā, *kotjьkā

Baltic: *kat-ā̂ f., *kat-iā̃ f,m *kat-in-a- m.

Latin: cattus m., catta f. 'Käter, Katze'

Celtic: MIr catt 'Katze'

Russ. meaning: кот, кoшка

References: Fraenkel 228

Comments: A loanword, but the directions are unclear.

Chinese: "虎" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[χ]lāH

Meaning: tiger

Chinese: 虎 *x(l)āʔ tiger.

 

Character: 虎

Modern (Beijing) reading: hǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: hlāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: hā́

Western Han Chinese: hā́

Eastern Han Chinese: hā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: hṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hṓ

Middle Chinese: xó

Fanqie: 呼五

Rhyme class: 麌

English meaning : tiger

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тигр; перен. стар. воин; храбрец; 2) свирепый; отважный; 3) Ху (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 山獸之君. 從虍. 虎足象人足. 象形. 凡虎之屬皆從虎.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 661

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 虎

MC description : 遇合一上姥曉

ZIHUI: 5706 0931

Beijing: xu 2

Jinan: xu 2

Xi'an: xu 2

Taiyuan: xu 2

Hankou: xu 2

Chengdu: fu 2

Yangzhou: xu 2

Suzhou: hǝu 2

Wenzhou: fu 21

Changsha: fu 2

Shuangfeng: xǝu 2

Nanchang: фu 2

Meixian: fu 2

Guangzhou: fu 21

Xiamen: hɔ 2

Chaozhou: hoũ 21

Fuzhou: xu 2

Shanghai: hu 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: xu 2

Radical: 141

Four-angle index: 7491

Karlgren code: 0057 a-e

Vietnamese reading: hô`

Jianchuan Bai: lo7

Dali Bai: lo7

Bijiang Bai: lo7

Shijing occurrences: 38.2_

Burmese: kjah (OB kla) tiger.

Lepcha: kă-hla a panther

Comments: Possibly borrowed from some Austroasiatic source, cf. PAA *kla 'tiger' (see Peiros 1998, 227).

범의 어원 알타이어와 드라비다어로 아래어원자료에 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *vēŋ-

Meaning : tiger, leopard

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *bVnV

Meaning: a k. of predator

Altaic: *bi̯ònV

 

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ònV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of predator

Russian meaning: вид хищного животного

Turkic: *bAnu

 

Proto-Turkic: *bAnu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild cat

Russian meaning: дикая кошка

Old Turkic: manu (OUygh.)

Tatar: manul

Tuva: manɨ

Comments: EDT 767. Turk. > Kalm. manl, Dag. manū (Тод. Даг. 153) (probably contaminated with Mong. proper malur < *malul q. v. sub *máĺe). Uygh. molun 'wild cat' may be a mongolism.

Tungus-Manchu: *bońa

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bońa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a big monkey

Russian meaning: большая обезьяна

Spoken Manchu: moni 'monkey' (2212); boni 'year of the monkey' (2724)

Literary Manchu: bońo, mońo

Jurchen: bo-noŋ (151)

Comments: ТМС 1, 94, 545. The secondarily nasalized Manchu form mońo was borrowed in Sol., Oroch, Ud., Ul., Nan. mońo and Dag. (Тод. Даг. 155) mońō 'monkey', Kh. mońō `male young of monkey'.

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. Palatalized *-ń- in TM is a secondary assimilation result. The root must have denoted some wild predator. It is tempting to compare similar forms in Mong. and Jpn., denoting some (mythical?) aquatic predator: PJ *bàni 'crocodile', WMong. (БАМРС) banuqai 'a rare aquatic creature, dwelling in water during daytime and on the shore during nighttime' - but the semantic change seems too far-fetched.

Dravidian: *vēŋ-

Proto-South Dravidian: *vēŋ-ai

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *vēŋ-ai

Meaning : tiger

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : vēŋkai

Tamil meaning : tiger

Malayalam : vēŋŋa

Malayalam meaning : royal tiger

Number in DED : 5521

Proto-Telugu : *vēŋ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *vēŋ-

Meaning : tiger

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : vē̃gi

Number in DED : 5521

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vēŋ-al-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vēŋ-al-

Meaning : leopard

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *vēŋal-

Meaning: "cat" | Query method: Match substring

Total of 17 records

Proto-IE: *bhel-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *balV

Meaning: sable, squirrel

Indo-European: *bhēl-

Altaic: *balu

 

Proto-Altaic: *balu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sable

Russian meaning: соболь

Mongolian: *bulagan

 

Proto-Mongolian: *bulagan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sable, game

Russian meaning: соболь, дичь

Written Mongolian: bulaɣan (L 133), buliɣa

Middle Mongolian: buluxan (HY 10), buluqan (SH), bul(u)ɣan (MA)

Khalkha: bulga(n)

Buriat: bulgan

Kalmuck: bulɣǝn

Ordos: bulaGa

Dagur: balǝg, (Тод. Даг. 124) balga

Shary-Yoghur: bulaGan

Monguor: bulGa

Comments: KW 60, MGCD 168. Mong. > Chag. bulɣan, see TMN 1, 215.

Tungus-Manchu: *bali-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bali-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sable (one year old)

Russian meaning: соболь (одноосенний)

Evenki: balini

Comments: ТМС 1, 71.

Japanese: *puruki

 

Proto-Japanese: *puruki

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of sable

Russian meaning: вид соболя

Middle Japanese: furuki

Comments: Ozawa 314-315. Despite obvious similarity, the etymology raises some problems. The MJpn. furuki is said to be an animal breeding in Korea, but no Korean match is available. R. A. Miller's hypothesis that furuki was borrowed from Mongolian, seems rather far-fetched (no early Mong.-Jpn. contacts have been noticed so far), so we prefer to regard the word as genuine until some further evidence becomes available. Rather complicated is the attribution of PT *albuga (VEWT 16): Khak. albɨɣa 'sable', Oyr. albaɣa 'sable; game' (Баск. Леб. 137). Cf. also alda 'game' (Баск. Туба 101, Яимова 109-110 albaga, albaa, alabuga (= "perch"). This may be al (al perü 'wild wolf') + bulgan, bulɨq 'sable' (< Mong.; see Потанин 1881, Очерки Северозападной Монголии, p. 139), see ibid. aldɨq 'sable'. The word is obviously tabooistic and folk-etymologically analysed as "red ox", but may also be a distortion of the original *baluga (cf. the external evidence). On the other hand, one may note the resemblance of the Turkic word with Mong. elbeŋkü 'racoon', see KW 207 ( > Evk. elbiɣe, elbiŋē, Man. elbixe, ТМС 2, 445).

Dravidian: *bil- 'cat'

 

Proto-Dravidian : *Pil-

Meaning : cat

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pil-i

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *pil-i

Meaning : cat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pilli

Tamil meaning : cat

Kannada : pilli

Kannada meaning : cat

Number in DED : 4180

Proto-Telugu : *pill-

 

Proto-Telugu : *pill-

Meaning : cat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : pilli

Number in DED : 4180

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *bil-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *bil-

Meaning : cat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : pilli

Naikri : pilli

Parji : biley

Number in DED : 4180

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *bilVj-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *bilVj-

Meaning : cat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : bilay

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *bilej-i

Notes : Bisyllabic root.

Notes : Irregular consonantism; expressive?

References: ND 281 *bUyẑV 'fur-bearing animal' (Alt.-IE; hardly here Ur. *poyẑV 'ermine' and Drav. pul- 'tiger').