■ [겨울철 눈산행시 주의할 점]
■ http://www.northshorerescue.com/education/what-to-bring
■ TOP 10 ESSENTIALS
Delays or changes in weather can cause emergencies.
Even on short day hikes, each person should take and know how to use these items
■ [산행 안전 수칙] 즐거운 산행을 위하여
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1513
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/41
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/175
■ [동절기 안전산행 필수품]
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1516
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/40
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/174
■ [겨울철 눈산행시 주의할 점]
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1517
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/39
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/173
■ The Black Tusk(2,319m/7,608ft)
■ TOP 10 ESSENTIALS
Delays or changes in weather can cause emergencies.
Even on short day hikes, each person should take and know how to use these items:
1. Navigation
Topographic map and compass
* Smartphone
2. Food
Extra food and water.
Boiling water kills giardia;treatment pills may not
3. Clothing
Extra clothing, including rain gear, wool socks, sweater, gloves, and hat.
4. Light
Flashlight with spare bulb and batteries.
5. Fire
Waterproof matches and fire starter, such as a candle.
6. Sun Protection
Sunglasses and sunscreen
7. First Aid
Aid kit including any special medications you might need.
8. Knife
A folding pocket knife.
9. Signal
Audible & Visual: whistle & metal mirror.
10. Emergency Shelter
Plastic tube shelter or waterproof bivouac sack.
■ Take the 10 essentials.
http://www.northshorerescue.com/education/what-to-bring
What to Bring – the Essentials
The Essentials
Even the best weather can change rapidly, and even the widest trail can be lost. It pays to take a little extra with you, just in case.
This list is NOT exhaustive – it is just a start – add to this list according to the season and your route.
Notice:: Always tell a reliable person where you are going and when to expect you back, leave a detailed trip itinerary, and make sure you know your route and plan accordingly.
The below list assumes you are already wearing appropriate footwear – hiking boots NOT runners. Runners are a terrible choice for hiking. You will slip and or sprain your ankle. Appropriate hiking clothing that is NON-COTTON, such as hiking pants, poly-pro shirt, poly-pro underwear, toque, and backpack.
NSR recommends taking the following 10 Essentials:
1. Light
Flashlight or a headlamp with extra batteries (and light bulb if not LED). Green cyalume stick or small turtle lights as emergency backup.
2. Signalling Device
Whistle (we recommend the Fox 40 whistle with a lanyard), Bear Bangers, Pencil Flare
3. Fire Starter
Matches (water proof or in plastic bag) or lighter. We also recommend a commercial firestarter and/or a candle. Commercial firestarters can be purchased at outdoor stores like Mountain Equipment Coop.
4. Warm clothes
Hat or toque, gloves or mittens, puffy jacket, gortex jacket, polypro underwear, good quality hiking socks and gortex over pants.
5. Pocketknife
Although a multi tool is preferred, a good pocket knife with a quality blade will suffice. It may also be worth carrying a small pruning saw for cutting branches when building a shelter or fire.
6. Shelter
Large orange plastic bag and thermal tarp.
7. Water (gatorade crystals recommended) and food (high energy food bars)
8. First-aid kit
Should include pocket mask; Sam Splint, bulk dressings, protective gloves, bandage, scissors and blister dressings
9. Navigation
Good quality compass with built in declination adjustment and both topographical and interpretive maps. we also recommend a GPS unit but only as an adjunct to compass and map. Most team members carry a Garmin 60 series GPS unit that has terrific reception in the trees.
10. Communications – Cell phone
We recommend you bring a cell phone with a fully charged battery. It is advisable to keep the phone turned off, and stored in a ziplock bag. This way, if you get into trouble your phone will be dry and have a full charge. Many people manage to call 911 initially but their phone dies before their location can be relayed, not a desirable situation. If you have a smartphone, you should also know how to get GPS coordinates off of it to give to search and rescue if you become lost or injured (eg. MotionX or iphone compass app) . Depending on the terrain and difficulty of your excursion, it may also be worth considering satellite based communications devices like the Spot, Delorme InReach or a Personal Locator Beacon.
You can check out our educational guide on how to turn “Location services” on, here..
Just remember, these are not get out of jail free cards, electronics can fail, run out of batteries, or lose their signal. Telling someone where you are going, leaving a trip itinerary and bringing the other 9 essentials is critical to a safe outdoor excursion.
Important Tips regarding the 10 essentials:
The lack of light is the single most cause of overdure hiker calls for NSR. It is so easy to under estimate the amount of daylight left especially if you are deep in the forest. That is why carrying a good quality flashlight or headlamp with extra bulb and batteries per person, is number 1 on our list of the ten essential items. It is also prudent to carry green cyalume light sticks as an emergency backup ONLY. These lightweight items will illuminate the trail around and in front of you sufficiently for you to travel slowly in darkness fro several hours.
Note that training is required to develop efficient skills for use of a map, compass, and first aid kit, as well as to efficiently light fires. However having these items with you can make all the difference in a survival situation.
Why a large orange plastic bag? It’s actually one of the most valuable items on the list. Crawling into the bag helps keep you warm and dry. The orange colour is also highly visible and helps attract attention, particularly from the air.
Why a whistle? It is ideal for siganlling for help as your voice will become very hoarse in a short period of time especially if you are dehydrated. We reccommend the Fox 40 whistle because it works very well in wet conditions and has good range. When sending out a distress whistle blast do three short blasts in timed intervals of 1 to 5 minutes and in different directions from where you are standing as rescuers may be above below or to the sides of you, especially if you are lost in a canyon.If you here whistle blasts from rescuers it doesn’t mean that they can here you. Continue whistle blasts at even shorter intervals 1 minutes or less until they can make voice contact with you and the follow their instructions etc..
We also recommend you carry a heavy duty thermal blanket as this provides excellent shelter and reflects body heat.
Water especially, is an important essential item to take before and during your hike. We recommend you drink between 1-2 litres of water before and carry 1-2 litres. Hydration is directly proportional to your performance but also in maintaining essential fluid balance in your body. This is only a general guideline and is to be adjusted for extreme heat, cold, altitude, terrain etc. We also recommend you carry electrolyte, such as Gatorade in order to replenished salt and potassium that are depleted during excessive exercise. We recommend that you be always fully aware to take short rest and water breaks and hydrate yourself during your hike so as to avoid fluid depletion that leads to heat exhaustion and/or hypothermia.
We combined navigation and communications into number 9 and 10 essential items rather than creating the 11 essential items as they go hand in hand with each other. Knowing where you are and communicating your location in an emergency is a god send, both to yourself and the search and rescue team. As stated above you need proper training to orienteer with compass and map and a GPS should be seen as an adjunct to this. The GPS in itself is a valuable tool and depending on the type and price you want to pay you can get topographical maps downloaded onto the GPS. However, the GPS requires practice and it is not a substitute for orienteering skills especially if you are in terrain with natural obstacles such as canyons, cliff bands etc
The whole strategy to clothing is layering and breathability. This prevents overheating and sweating which can cause dehydration and begin the cycle of hypothermia in cold weather and heat exhaustion in relatively warmer weather. There are many clothing types on the market but you will want to wear underclothing next to the skin that wicks sweat away. It is also important to purchase fleece and gortex clothing that has venting zippers in the armpits and leg areas as this allows excess body heat to vent during times of heavy exercise in inclement weather. A fleece or woolen toque or hat is also a must as a great deal of body heat is lost through the head especially in children. Remember the saying ” if your feet get cold put your toque on”. Good quality woolen or gortex gloves or mittens are a must, especially in winter and inclement weather so as to prevent frostbite or cold injury. This will also allow you to perform tasks such as holding onto rocks or tree branches when traveling in terrain, wood gathering , lighting a fire etc. One additional little tip is to carry two good quality plastic shopping bags in case your boots get wet. You can put on your dry socks and wrap them in the bags then put your wet boots back on. This is great if you are stranded overnight and want yo keep you feet warm and be somewhat comfortbale.It can also prevent frostbite in cold weather in this type of situation.
We did not include footwear as an essential item to carry as it something that goes on at the start of your hike and stays on. Footwear selection from trail runners to approach shoes to light hikers to full mountaineering leather or plastic boots needs to be based on the type of activity you plan to carry out and the type of terrain you will travel in. Remember, if you buy new boots break them in long before your hike and have plenty of moleskin on hand to cover the potential hot spots that always seem to go with new boots. Also, good quality hiking socks are a must as these types of socks will wick sweat away from the feet thus reducing the risk of blisters or skin problems.
■ Mount Seymour(1,449m/4,754ft)
[산행 안전]은 생명과 직결됩니다.
특히, '겨울철 눈 산행시 주의할 점'은 아무리 강조해도 부족합니다.
Vancouver 특유의 우절기 산행은 동절기뿐만 아니라 환절기에도 무척 조심을 해야 합니다.
눈이 내려 쌓일 때와 녹아내릴 시기에는 위험한 Trail은 절대로 택하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.
산행 Leader나 Coordinator는 호기로움에 앞서 신중에 신중을 기해야 할 것입니다.
Leader의 판단력은 위험을 감지했을 때 즉시 되돌아서서 대원들을 안전하게 하산 시킬 줄 아는 것이야 말로 개인과 공동 안전에 제일 현명한 방법입니다.
이럴 때 회원들도 그렇게 판단해서 실천에 옮긴 Leader에게 감사할 줄 알아야 할 것입니다.
비행기에 이상을 감지한 기장이 비행기를 회항했을 때 항의하는 것만큼 어리석은 짓은 없듯이 말입니다.
단체 산행에 참가하면 공동의 산행 안전을 위하여 개인 행동은 일체 삼가해야 합니다
겨울 산행에서 ‘설마?’는 정말 사람을 잡을 수도 있습니다.
* 산행 팀에 합류하면 안전(安全)상 개인행동은 일체 허용하지 않습니다.
참가자 개인의 안전은 어떠한 경우라도 그 책임이 본인에게 있음을 인지하고 개인의 문제(安全事故/안전사고外) 발생 시 전체를 위험에 빠뜨리게 할 수도 있다는 사실을 꼭 명심하시기 바랍니다.
개인도 Snowshoes를 신었고 Ski poles를 가졌다고 해서 결코 방심하거나 맹신하면 절대 안 됩니다.
산행대장의 지시를 따르지 않거나 정상적인 산행 로를 벗어나거나 대열을 앞서 가거나 홀로 니 맘대로 산행을 하면 100%넘게 자신을 위험에 빠뜨리는 것은 물론이거니와 함께 했던 산 벗들과 산행 모임에 극심한 피해를 줄 수 있다는 것을 명심하기 바랍니다.
눈 산행 시에는 봉우리 상부나, 큰 나무 주변에서도 신중을 기하여 안전 산행을 하도록 해야 합니다.
간혹, 산행에 심취하거나 공명심에 들뜬 나머지 Cornice에 올라가 사진을 찍는 정신 나간(?) 산우들을 종종 볼 수 있습니다.
다시는 산행중 안전사고로 발생한 산 벗들의 장례식 소식을 듣고 싶지 않습니다.
산행 대열의 간격은 Trekking poles의 손잡이를 잡은 상태에서 양팔을 쭉 펴서 360도 휘둘렀을 때 앞뒤 사람들에게 피해를 끼치지 않을 만큼 충분하게 유지 하는 것도 잊지 마세요!
앞사람 발뒤꿈치만 쳐다보고 가거나 너무 바짝 붙어 가는 것도 위험합니다!
혹여, 산행중 대원이 눈 속에 빠지기라도 했다면 급하게 빠져 나오려거나 빼내려 하지 말고 동행자들은 주변의 눈을 완전 제거한 다음에 빠져 나오도록 해야 합니다.
간혹 그냥 사람만 빼내려고 여럿이 힘을 가했을 때 돌이킬 수 없는 문제가 발생 할 수도 있습니다.
눈의 압력? 상상을 초월합니다.
우리는 그동안 안전하고 즐거운 산행을 해 왔습니다.
한편으로는 試行錯誤 또한 많았습니다.
지나간 시간, 주변에서 볼 수 있었던 불행한 사고들을 反面敎師, 他山之石의 교훈으로 삼아 우리 모두가 경각심을 가지고 안전 산행을 할 수 있도록 서로서로 조심해야 합니다.
즐거운 산행은 [安全] 다음에 온다는 사실을 꼭 명심해야 할 것입니다.
가족의 건강과 가정의 행복을 축원합니다.
인생의 진리는 오직 살아 있어야 됩니다.
그러기 위해서는 매사에 조심하고 오로지 건강하세요.
■ The Black Tusk(2,319m/7,608ft)
■ The Black Tusk(2,319m/7,608ft) 頂上
■ The Black Tusk is considered to be the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed between about 1.3 and 1.1 million years ago.[5] Following glacial dissection, renewed volcanism produced the lava dome and flow forming its summit about 170,000 years ago. According to Natural Resources Canada, The Black Tusk was "perhaps the conduit for lava within a cinder-rich volcano. The loose cinder has eroded, leaving only the hard lava core."[6] The exposed lava rock of the core is loose and friable. It is also black, giving the mountain its name and character. Cinder Cone, to the east of The Black Tusk, produced a 9 km (6 mi) long lava flow during the late Pleistocene or early Holocene.
The mountain currently hosts two significant glaciers, in large cirques carved into the northeastern and northwestern flanks of the broad cone below the lava pinnacle. Both glaciers start from about 2,100 m (6,890 ft) and flow northwards to below 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The glaciers are heavily covered in rocky debris due to the crumbling nature of the Tusk's rock.
The Black Tusk is a member of the chain of volcanic peaks that run from southwestern British Columbia to northern California. The peaks formed in the past 35 million years as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda and Explorer plates to its west have been subducting under the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.