법률,률 律 과 law,rule 규칙 에 관한 어원 ,-archy의 어원,일본어 마나부(익히다) 의 어원,mention,mentor의 어원

[나비우스]

rule 규칙,법률

l,r앞에는 항상 gh,kh가 생략되는 법칙이 있다.

이런 연구개음은 입안 제일 위쪽에서 소리가 나기 때문에 

생략이 너무 잘 된다.

가래 끓는 소리 발음도 어렵고 에너지도 많이 소모된다.

한자상고음을 봐도 이런 발음들은 다 생략이 되어 버린다.

전 인류의 공통적인 발음현상이다.

현재는 우리말에서 사라진 옛이응도 ng의 발음이라 콧소리가 포함되어 

발음이 어렵다.현재 모두 탈락되어 음가없는 ㅇ으로 남아 있다.

역시 연구개음이다.

일본어에서는 n이 탈락한 것처럼 글자에는 보이지만 음성에는 콧소리 n이

남아 있다.제 2차 세계대전 때 자국민인가 외국인인가 가려내는 방법으로

이 발음을 시켜 알아보았다고 한다.

드라비다어의 j는 z,g,d와 호환성을 가진다.

j는 반모음적 성질 때문에 생략이 잘된다.

우리말 알다는 잘다 갈다 에서 나온 것이다.

자르는 것이 가르는 것이다.

이해 理解 는 해 처럼 풀어헤쳐야 갈라야 분석을 해야 알수가 있다.

분석 分析 역시 쪼갠다는 말이다.

해석 도 역시 쪼갠다.

깬다 깨닫다는 것도 쪼갠다.깨다,가르다.

Meaning : "rule" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *jāḷ-

Meaning : to rule

Proto-South Dravidian: *(j)āḷ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *jāḷ-

Meaning : to rule

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : āḷ (āḷv-, āṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to rule, reign over, control or manage (as a household), cherish, maintain, keep or maintain in use

Tamil derivates : (inscr., Velu Pillai, pp. 158, 392) yāḷ to rule; āḷan_, āḷi one who rules; āḷukai rule, dominion, control; āḷvār the Deity, as supreme ruler; āṭci lordship, ownership, government, rule, reign, use, possession; āṭcai weekday; āṭal ruling, reigning; āṇṭār owner, master, lord; gods; āṇṭavan_, āṇṭai master, lord; āṇmai controlling power, possession

Malayalam : āḷuka

Malayalam meaning : to rule, possess, have

Malayalam derivates : āẓca day of the week, week

Kannada : āḷ (āḷd-)

Kannada meaning : to get, have, possess, govern, rule, manage

Kannada derivates : āḷike, āḷke obtaining, ruling, reign, government; āḷisu to cause to obtain or get, cause to rule; āḷutana, āḷtana ruling, rule, sovereignty; āḷma, āṇma, āṇba ruler, lord, master; āṇḍāri rulers, masters

Kodagu : āḷ- (āḷi-)

Kodagu meaning : to rule

Kodagu derivates : āce week, day of the week

Tulu : āḷuni

Tulu meaning : to rule, govern, reign

Tulu derivates : āḷikè, āḷuvike, āḷvike reign; āḍaḷite, āḍaḷte administration, management, government

Proto-Nilgiri : *āḷ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *āḷ-

Meaning : to own

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : āṇ- (āḍ-) "to possess, rule, keep, own"

Toda : ōḷ- (ōḍ-) "to own (buffaloes), rule"

Number in DED : 5157

Number in DED : 5157

Proto-Telugu : *ēḷ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *ēḷ-

Meaning : to rule, govern, control, manage

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ēlu

Inscriptional Telugu : ēḷu "to rule"

Additional forms : Also ēlika ruler, king, lord, master; ēliki government; [1] ēlubaḍi, [2] ēlbaḍi rule, government; (Inscr.) āḍavaṇḍu ruler, master

Number in DED : 5157

배울,학 學

이 말에는 배우다는 뜻만 있는데 아니라 가르치다는 뜻도 함께 포함되어 있다.

가르친다의 어근 '가르'는 것은 배우는 것,익힌다는 것을 포함한다.

가르 그르 구르 구루 

guru는 스승이라는 뜻이 있다.

가르치는 사람이기 때문이다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kal_-

Meaning : to learn

Proto-South Dravidian: *kal_-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kal_-

Meaning : to learn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kal (kar_p-, kar_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to learn, study, practise (as arts), acquire skill in the use of arms

Tamil derivates : kalai arts and sciences, learning, erudition; kallāmai state of being unlearned, illiteracy, ignorance; kallān_ unlearned, illiterate person; kalli precocity, precocious child; kalvi studying, learning, erudition, science, practice, scientific work; kar_kai learning; kar_pan_, kar_r_avan_ learned person, scholar; kar_pan_ai learning, study, teaching, instruction; kar_pōn_ scholar, pupil; kar_pi (-pp-, -tt-) to teach, instruct; kar_pu learning, study, knowledge, chastity; kar_r_ar learned men

Malayalam : kalkka (kar_r_-)

Malayalam meaning : to learn

Malayalam derivates : kala art, science; kar_r_avar the learned

Kannada : kal (kalt-), kali (kalit-)

Kannada meaning : to learn

Kannada derivates : kalisu, kalusu to teach; kal learning; kali a learned man; kalike learning, skill; kalita, kalpi learning, erudition; kaliyuvike act of learning, learning; kale an art

Tulu : kalpuni

Tulu meaning : to learn, study

Tulu derivates : kalpāvuni to teach, instigate; (B-K.) kalpādi a learned man, sophist; hypocrite

Proto-Nilgiri : *kaɫ-

Number in DED : 1297

Proto-Telugu : *kar_- (*-l_-)

 

Proto-Telugu : *kar_- (*-l_-)

Meaning : to learn, study

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kar_acu

Additional forms : Also kar_apu to teach; n. instigation, incitement; kar_apincu to cause to teach; kar_udu ability, skill, cleverness; kala an art, a science

Number in DED : 1297

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar- (*-r_-)

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar- (*-r_-)

Meaning : to learn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : karp- (karapt-) "to learn, teach"

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : karāp-

Naikri : karap-

Additional forms : Also Kolami_SR karīl- to understand

Number in DED : 1297

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar_a-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar_a-

Meaning : to learn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kar-

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ǯap-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *gRāmb- (caus. *gRāp-)

Notes : Bisyllabic root.

예외적으로 생략이 안되고 남아있는 경우도 가끔 있기는 하다.

khrule,ghrule 의 어근 khru는 우리말의 가르-

아르키다 가르키다---> 지도하다 지시하다 

민중들을 통치하게 쉽게  깨닫게 잘 알아듣도록 가르치는 것이다.

우리말 아르키다도 ㄱ이 탈락된 형태다.

영어의-archy 도 통치하다는 것을 뜻한다.

monarchy 군주제 

법 法의 어원이 바르다 

한자상고음 ;바라뿌-->바르게 하다의 경상도사투리 

Chinese: "法" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *PV̆p

Meaning: form, model

Chinese: 法 *p(r)ap law; model; imitate; style; fashion.

 

Character: 法

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎ

Preclassic Old Chinese: prap

Classic Old Chinese: prap

Western Han Chinese: prap

Eastern Han Chinese: prap

Early Postclassic Chinese: pap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pap

Late Postclassic Chinese: pap

Middle Chinese: pwɨp

English meaning : law, model

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закон; норма; регламент; законный; правовой, юридический; судебный; 2) образец; правило; брать за образец; образцовый; подражать; копировать; 3) способ, метод, прием; 4) буддийское учение, буддизм; буддийский; 5) мат. слагаемое; вычитаемое; множитель; делитель (число, стоящее после знака действия); 6) Фа (фамилия); [fá] разг. 1) способ, метод, прием; 2) гири-разновесы; [fā] разг. способ, средство; [fà] 1) эмаль, вм. 琺; 2) сокр. Франция; французский; 3) сокр. франк; фартинг

Comments: Viet. has also a colloquial loan from the same source: phép 'rule, permission; magic power'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 616

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 法

MC description : 咸合三入乏非

ZIHUI: 3127 0028

Beijing: fa 2

Jinan: fa 2

Xi'an: fa 11

Taiyuan: faʔ 41

Hankou: fa 12

Chengdu: fa 12

Yangzhou: faʔ 4

Suzhou: faʔ 41

Wenzhou: xo 41

Changsha: fa 4

Shuangfeng: xua 12

Nanchang: фuat 41

Meixian: fap 41

Guangzhou: fāt 43

Xiamen: huat 41

Chaozhou: huap 41

Fuzhou: xuaʔ 41

Shanghai: faʔ 4

Zhongyuan yinyun: fa 22

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8645

Karlgren code: 0642 k-m

Vietnamese reading: pháp

Tibetan: babs shape, form, appearance; dbjibs shape, figure, form.

Comments: Bodo paw fashion. Simon 22. Cf. Yamphu phopma 'come into existence, be formed'.

law 도 마찬가지가 아닌가?

l은 이을 혹은 이으 발음이 있다.

w는 과거 v발음

을아뿌-->올아뿌(옳아뿌 옳다의 경상도사투리)

rule 도 그런 의미에선 l처럼 이으 나 이을 

을을-->올을-->옳을(옳다는 것인데)

백제의 왕을 뜻하는 '어라하' 나 인도,페르시아의 왕을 뜻하는 라자 나 

알타이 유목민족 칸 간 이나 타밀어의 왕 이나 우리말의 왕 이나 

발음이 변했다 뿐이지 어원은 같다.

reign 

1. (왕의) 통치 기간, 치세   2. (어떤 사람이 어떤 기관・팀 등을) 책임 맡는 기간

ㅌ-->ㄷ-->ㄹ 이런 발음 변천을 볼때

roll도 

돌다의 어근 돌-

돌-->롤

두다의 활용형 둘- lay 놓는 것이다.

rule도 룰

둘-->룰

가능하지 않나?

law (n.)

Old English lagu (plural laga, combining form lah-) "ordinance, 

rule prescribed by authority, regulation; district governed by

 the same laws;" also sometimes "right, legal privilege," from 

Old Norse *lagu "law," collective plural of lag "layer, measure,

 stroke," literally "something laid down, that which is fixed 

or set" from Proto-Germanic *lagam "put, lay," from 

PIE root *legh- "to lie, lay" (from PIE root *legh- "to lie down, lay").

rule (n.)

c. 1200, "principle or maxim governing conduct, formula to which conduct must be 

conformed" from Old French riule, Norman reule "rule, custom, (religious) order"

 (in Modern French partially re-Latinized as règle), from 

Vulgar Latin *regula, from Latin regula "straight stick, bar, ruler;" 

figuratively "a pattern, a model," related to regere "to rule, straighten, guide"

 (from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," with derivatives meaning 

"to direct in a straight line," thus "to lead, rule"). 

rule (v.)

c. 1200, "to control, guide, direct," from Old French riuler "impose rule," 

from Latin regulare "to control by rule, direct," from Latin regula "rule, 

straight piece of wood," from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," 

with derivatives meaning "to direct in a straight line," thus "to lead, rule."

 Legal sense "establish by decision" is recorded from early 15c. Meaning 

"mark with lines" is from 1590s. Meaning "to dominate, prevail" is 

from 1874. "Rule Brittania," patriotic song, is from 1740. Related: Ruled; ruling.

일본어 마나부 익히다.

말-->만<-->맘 (마음)

말은 의식세계 정신과 관련된다.

영어사전

mention 

1. (말・글로 간단히) 말하다, 언급하다   2. (말・글로 하는 간단한) 언급

프랑스어사전

mention [mɑ̃sjɔ̃]

[여성명사] 1. 언급,특기(特記) 2. (짤막한) 기재 3. (시험 따위의) 평점

mentor 

멘토(경험 없는 사람에게 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 조언과 도움을 베풀어 주는 

유경험자・선배)

프랑스어사전

mentor [mɛ̃tɔːʀ] 

[남성명사] [문어] (사려 깊고 경험이 풍부한) 조언자,지도자

まなぶ[学ぶ]  

배우다.

(학문·기술 등을) 익히다.

공부하다; 학문을 하다.

学まなびます

学まなばない

学まなぼう

学まなべば

学まなべ

学まなべる

비슷한 뜻으로 나라우

ならう [習う]     

1.연습하다; 익히다. 2.배우다. 3.[고어]여러번 경험하다; 익숙해지다; 습관이 되다

ならう [習う]    

1.연습하다; 익히다. 2.배우다. 3.[고어]여러번 경험하다; 익숙해지다; 습관이 되다

mind 역시 마음

d는 g와 호환

ming 믕 믐 맘 

なれる[慣れる]     

익숙해지다; 익다.

늘 겪어서 예사로워지다.

길들다.

Proto-Altaic: *mána (~-o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *manu

Meaning: to think

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *men- (Pok. 726-728)

 

Proto-IE: *men-, *mnā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to think

Tokharian: A mnu, B mañu (PT *mäñäu-) 'desire' (Adams 437)

Old Indian: manuté, mányate, pf. mamne, mene, inf. mantum, ptc. matá- `to think, believe', caus. mānayati `to honour, esteem'; manati `to mention', aor. amnāsīt, ptc. mnāta-; manāyáti `to be zealous or devoted; to think', manāyú- `zealous, devoted', manīṣā́ f. `thought, reflection, wisdom'; mā́na- m. `opinion, notion, idea'; manas- n. `mind'; mánman- n. `thought, wisdom'; mantár- m. `thinker, adviser', su-mná- n. `benevolence, favour'; matí-, máti- f. `thought, design, intention'

Avestan: mainyeite `denkt', mąnayǝn `man könnte glauben', manah- n. `Sinn'; -maiti- `Sinn, Gedanke, Meinung'

Other Iranian: OPers mainyāhay; Haxā-maniš `von Freundessinn beseelt'

Armenian: imanam `verstehe'

Old Greek: pf. mémona, pl. mémamen, ptc. memaṓs, ipv. memátō `im Sinne haben, gedenken, streben'; *va. autó-mato- `aus eigenem Antrieb, von selbst geschehend'; ménos n. `Geist, Mut, Wut, Kraft, Drang', menoi̯nǟ́ f. `Vorhaben, Begehren'; mimnǟ́skō, -omai̯, aor. mnǟ̂sai̯, -asthai̯, p. mnǟsthē̂nai̯, pf. p. mémnǟmai̯ `erinnern; sich erinnern, gedenken, fur etw. sorgen, erwähnen', mnáomai̯, mnō̂mai̯ `sich erinnern, gedenken, sinnen'; mnǟ́mōn, -onos m., f. `Notar, Registrator usw.', mnǟ́mǟ `Erinnerung, Gedächtnis, Erwähnung', mnǟ̂ma n. `Andenken, Denkmal, Grabmal'

Slavic: *mьnētī, *mьnītь; *-mę̄nǭtī, *pā-mę̄tь

Baltic: *min-ē̂-, *miñ- (men-a-) vb., *min-s-l-iā̃, *man-s-l-iā̃ f., *min-ē̂- vb., *miñ-t-i- c., *men-a- c., *man-ī̂- vb., min̂-tl-ā̂, -iā̃ (2?) f.

Germanic: *man-, *mun-z-, *man-ō- vb., *min-ɵ-iō/*min-d-iō, *mun-d-i- adj., *mun-t=, etc.

Latin: meminī, -istī, -isse `erinnere mich, bin eingedenkt; denke daran; gedenke, erwähne'; minīscitur `prō remininīscitur antīquitus dīcēbātur' Paul. Fest. 122, comminīscor, -ī, -mentus sum `ersinnen, ausdenken, erdichten', ēminīscor, reminīscor, -ī `sich erinnern'; mēns (Enn. mentis), -tis f.`Denktätigkeit, Verstand; Denkart, Gesinnung; Gedanke, Vorstellung; Ansicht, Absicht'; mentior, -īre `lügen'; commentum `Lüge; Erdichting, Plan'; commentor `Erfindung'; monēre `mahnen, ermahnen, warnen, eingeben'; mōnstrum n. `Mahnzeichen, Weisung der Götter durch widernatürliches Ereignis'

Other Italic: Osk memnim `monumentum'

Celtic: *men-, *mon-, *menmen-, *mnto-, etc. > OIr do-moniur `glaube, meine', rō-mēnair `er hat überlegt', dia-ru-muinestar `für die er bestimmt hat'; cu-man `Erinnerung'; menme `Geist, Sinn'; der-met, -mat `Vergessen', foraith-met `memoria'; air-mitiu `honor', foi-mtiu `das Bemerken'; Cymr go-guno `geloben, wünschen'; go-fyn(n `verlangen, bitten, fragen'; mynnu `wollen'; co-f `Erinnerung', Corn govyn `verlangen, bitten, fragen'; mynnes, mynnas `wolen; Wille', mennaf `ich will', Bret guo-monim (gl.) `polliceri'

Russ. meaning: думать

References: WP II 264 f

Altaic: *mana (~-o)

 

Uralic: *mOnV (*monV)

 

Number: 577

Proto: *mOnV (*monV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to say

German meaning: sagen

Finnish: manaa- 'ermahnen, verwünschen, fluchen'

Estonian: mana- 'heruntermachen, zu Schanden machen', mõna- 'id.; zu Verstehen geben, andeuten'

Saam (Lapp): muone- 'nominare', moanna- 'conjicere, divinare; erraten, raten'; mā̊nna- (L) 'vermuten, erraten'

Mordovian: muńa- (E), mǝńa- (M) 'zaubern, behexen' ?

Mari (Cheremis): mana- (KB U B) 'sagen; äußern' ?

Hungarian: mond- 'sagen; nennen; dial. sprechen' ?

Nenets (Yurak): mān- (O) 'sagen'

Enets (Yen): man- 'sagen'

Nganasan (Tawgi): muno- 'sagen'

Selkup: my-mbiem 'sagen' ?

Kamass: ma- 'sagen, sprechen'

Yukaghir parallels: mon- 'sagen'

Dravidian: *màn- (or *maṇ-i- 'to talk, speak' (3905)

Proto-Dravidian : *màn-

Meaning : petition, prayer

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *măn-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *măn-

Meaning : request, word

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : man_u

Tamil meaning : petition, request, prayer, word, submission

Kannada : manave, manuve

Kannada meaning : petition, request, solicitation

Number in DED : 4775

Proto-Telugu : *man-av-

 

Proto-Telugu : *man-av-

Meaning : a humble or respectful representation, request, solicitation, prayer, petition

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : manavi

Number in DED : 4775

References: МССНЯ 339, ОСНЯ 2, 42-43; ND 1429 *mon̄V 'to test, think', 1433 *mAyn̄V 'ask, desire' (a highly dubious distinction); 1439 *man̄(Yy)V 'speak, call, invoke magic forces'. If Ur. *man/ǹV 'say, call' is distinct, the root may indeed be divided (cf. the distinction in Drav.)? Cf. also 1442 *mANdV 'excitement, wish, desire' - prob. a suffixed form (only PGoKu *mānḍ- 'like' and Svan mand- 'wish, love'; IE *mendh- is most likely *mens-dh-).

Meaning: to learn, try

Russian meaning: учиться, стараться

Tungus-Manchu: *man-dū-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *man-dū-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to try, strive

Russian meaning: стараться, стремиться

Evenki: mandūw-

Even: manru-

Orok: mandụ-

Comments: ТМС 1, 528.

Japanese: *máná(m)p-

 

Proto-Japanese: *máná(m)p-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to learn

Russian meaning: учиться

Old Japanese: manab-

Middle Japanese: mánáb-

Tokyo: mànabu

Kyoto: mánábú

Kagoshima: manáb-

Comments: JLTT 720.

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Not quite reliable, since the Jpn. word is usually derived < *mána- 'imitating, similarity' (v. sub *méŋa); but a confusion of two originally different root was possible in Japanese.