kettle(주전자)의 어원,도자기(china)의 어원,grill,roast의 어원,터키전통음식 케밥은 어디서 나왔나?우리말 굽다 란 말은 어떻게 만들어졌나?

[나비우스]

굽다 bake

볶다의 어근 볶-이 어원이다.

bake (v.)

Old English bacan "to bake, to cook by dry heat in a closed place or 

on a heated surface," from Proto-Germanic *bakan "to bake" 

(source also of Old Norse baka, Middle Dutch backen, Old High German bahhan,

 German backen), from PIE *bheg- (source also of Greek phogein "to roast")

, extended form of root *bhē- "to warm" (see bath). 

터키어 케밥 

굽어뿌(굽어의 경상도사투리) -->어원

터키어사전

kebap  

[명사] 구이 [형용사] 구운

케밥(kebab)은 작게 썬 고기 조각을 구워 먹는 터키의 전통 요리다. 

케밥은 작게 썬 고기 조각을 구워 먹는 터키식 요리를 의미한다.

쿹-->쿧-->쿠르-->구르-->구흐-->굽 

캍-->칻-->카르

우리말 갈색 brown은 불에 탄 색을 의미한다.

까맣다 까만 의 어근 까-는 인도 드라비다어의 kar,kal의 변음이다.

맣은 mar 의 변음이 된다.

mar 역시 burn 의 뜻이다.

드라비다어를 봄으로써 우리말의 어원을 정확히 알 수가 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : 1 black 2 to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kar-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : black

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : karu

Tamil meaning : black

Tamil derivates : karukkal darkness, twilight, cloudiness, sunburnt paddy crop; karukku (karukki-) to darken by heat, burn, scorch, toast, fry; karuku (karuki-) to be scorched, blackened by fire or sun, become dark in evening; karukal charred rice; karumai blackness; karum pon_ iron; kari (-v-, -nt-) to be charred, scorched, become black; (-pp-, -tt-) to char; n. charcoal, charred wood, lampblack; kariccān_ king crow; kaŋkul darkness, night

Malayalam : kari, karu

Malayalam meaning : black; charcoal, coal

Malayalam derivates : karikkal, karukkal twilight, dusk, frying; karikka to char, burn black, fire (a jungle), scorch; karippu jungle cultivation; karima, karuma blackness; karukkuka to be dusk; kariuka to be scorched, singed; vb. n. karivu; karimpu dark colour, grey; kariśal that which is singed, scorched; kaŋŋal darkness; kaŋŋuka to be singed, burn in cooking

Kannada : kari

Kannada meaning : to be scorched, singed, charred; fry, roast; n. state of being scorched, frying, blackness, charcoal

Kannada derivates : karaku, kariku state of being scorched; karidu black; kar-, ka- id.; kargu to turn black (or with DEDR 1494); kare blackness; kabbiṇa iron; (PBh.) karipu blackness; (Hav.) karañcu to be scorched; karañcaṭe scorched; (Gowda) kǝrṇṭɨ to become charred

Kodagu : kari- (kariv-, kariñj-)

Kodagu meaning : to be singed

Kodagu derivates : (karip-, karic-) to singe; kari black

Tulu : kari

Tulu meaning : soot, charcoal

Tulu derivates : kariya black; karŋka state of being burnt or singed; karŋkāḍuni to burn (tr.); karñcuni to be burned to cinders; karñcāvuni to cause to burn to cinders; kardụ black; karba iron; karvāvuni to burn the down of a fowl by holding it over the fire; karṇṭuni to be scorched; karguḍe a very black man; fem. karguḍi, kargi

Proto-Nilgiri : *kar-

Miscellaneous : KOR (T) kardɨ black

Number in DED : 1278

Proto-Telugu : *kar-ŋ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

Meaning : black; to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kinwat Kolami : kārī "black"

Naiki : karan, karen, kareyan "black"

Parji : ker-, (S) kerv- "to burn (intr.)"

Salur Gadba : karid- "to burn away as rice"

Additional forms : Also Parji kerip- (kerit-), (S) kervip- (kervit-) to burn (tr.); Salur (P) karv- to burn (intr.); karup- id. (tr.); karup din summer

Number in DED : 1278

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *karv-

Proto-Dravidian : *kat- (?)

Meaning : to burn

Proto-South Dravidian: *kat-

Proto-Dravidian : *kāḷ-

Meaning : to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *kāl-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāḷ-

Brahui : kalūṛ (?)

Proto-Dravidian : *manḍ-

Meaning : to burn

Proto-South Dravidian: *manḍ- (caus. *maḍ-)

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *manḍ- (caus. *maḍ-)

Meaning : to blaze

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : maṇṭu (maṇṭi-)

Tamil meaning : to blaze up, glow

Tamil derivates : maṭu (-pp-, -tt-) to kindle

Number in DED : 4680

Proto-Telugu : *manḍ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *manḍ-

Meaning : to burn, blaze, flame, cause or produce a burning pain, be angry, be in a fury or violent rage, be envious

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : maṇḍu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : mrandu "to be consumed by fire, burn"

Additional forms : Also maṇṭa flame, blaze, burning pain, anger, wrath, fury, envy; maṇḍincu to burn (tr.), inflame, provoke, irritate; maḍḍu great heat, redhot iron, brand; very hot

Number in DED : 4680

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *manḍ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *manḍ-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : manḍeng "(Pat.) to burn, scorch (intr.)"

Naikri : manḍ- "to burn (intr.)"

Number in DED : 4680

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maṛ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *maṛ-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *maṛ-v-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *mṛa-s- (*maṛ-s-)

Notes : PGn *maṛ- is an old causative form (*maṛ-s- < *manḍ-s-).

Proto-Dravidian : *mānḍ-

Meaning : to burn

Proto-South Dravidian: *māṭ-

Proto-Telugu : *mā(n)ḍ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *mānḍ-

Notes : Causative conjugation in many dialects.

사실 grill 역시 우리말 끓다의 활용형 끓일-->어원

열을 가한다는 말이다.

영어사전

grill 

1. 그릴(cooker의 일부로, 위에서 불길이 바로 내려오고 그 아래 음식을 넣어 익히게 되어 ..

그릴

조수육 · 어패류를 석쇠 위에 올려놓거나 꼬치에 꿰어 직접 불에 쬐어 굽는 방법

도자기를 뜻하는 china 역시 국명china와 동음이의어이지만 변화가 다르다.

ch는 ㅋ 발음으로 그은-->구운  굽다의 활용형

흙을 구워 도자기를 만드는 것이다.

스페인어사전

terracota  

[여성명사] 1. 테라코타 (틀에 떠 화덕에 구운 단단한 점토) 2. 테라코타로 만든 ...

테라 터 따 땅 즉 흙을 의미한다.

cota는 궜다-->구웠다 (어원)

흙으로 구운 것을 말한다.

우리말의 물이 말라 증발되어 없어지는 것도 드라비다어에 있다.

목이 마르다 ,빨래가 마르다 의 그 어원을 알 수 있는 자료다.

Proto-Dravidian : *mar_- (*-d_-)

Meaning : 1 to burn 2 to boil

Proto-South Dravidian: *mar_-ug-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *mar_-ug-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : mar_ugu, mar_agu

Kannada meaning : to burn, be very hot, be inflamed with passion, love, suffer great pain, be distressed, grieve

Kannada derivates : mar_uka sorrow, grief; mar_a with grief; maraḷu to bubble up, boil fiercely

Number in DED : 4769

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

 

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

Meaning : to boil (intr.)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mar_ũgu

Dialectal forms (1) : marũgu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : mar_ugu, mar_ãgu "id.; to seethe, bubble; be distressed, grieve"

Additional forms : Also mar_ukuva, (K) marukuva grief

Number in DED : 4769

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mar_- (*-d_-)

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mar_- (*-d_-)

Meaning : to burn, boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : mar_g- (-it-)

영어사전

roast 

1. (특히 고기를 오븐 속이나 불 위에 대고) 굽다; (이런 식으로) 굽히다   

2. (밤 등을) 굽다.

국어사전

로스트 (roast) 

1. 고기 따위를 직접 불에 굽는 것. 

2. 고기 따위를 뜨겁게 단 재에 묻어서 굽는 것.

역시 r이니 앞에 kh나 gh가 생략이 되었다.

추가하여 복원하면 khroast

끓었다-->어원

끓다라는 말이 드라비다어에 있다.

경상도말처럼 끓어뿌 ㅋㅋㅋㅋ

Proto-Dravidian : *kūr-

Meaning : boil

Proto-South Dravidian: *kur-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kur-

Meaning : pustule, boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kuru

Tamil meaning : pustule, blister, any eruptive disease such as smallpox, measles, boil, sore, prickly heat, horripilation

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to appear, break out (as prickly heat); kuruppu pimple

Malayalam : kuru

Malayalam meaning : pustule, boil, smallpox

Malayalam derivates : kurukka to break out as smallpox; kuruppu smallpox

Kannada : kuru, kuruvu

Kannada meaning : a protuberance or excrescence on the body, a boil

Tulu : kuri

Tulu meaning : a boil

Tulu derivates : kurni sore on the eyelid

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Telugu : *kur_up- (?)

 

Proto-Telugu : *kur_up- (?)

Meaning : a boil, abscess

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kur_upu

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūrp

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūrp

Meaning : pimple; boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naikri : kurup "pimple"

Parji : kur "small boil"

Poya Gadba : kūr "boil"

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūr-, *kur-p-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūr-, *kur-p-

Meaning : boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kurp-

Konda : kūru

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kūr-u

roast (v.)

late 13c., "to cook by dry heat," from Old French rostir "to roast, burn"

 (Modern French rôtir), from Frankish *hraustjan 

(cognate with Old High German rosten, German rösten, 

Middle Dutch roosten "to roast")

, originally "cook on a grate or gridiron," related to 

Germanic words meaning "gridiron, grate;" such as German Rost, Middle Dutch roost.

굽다의 어근 굽 이 만들어진다.

아래 어원자료를 보면 알겠지만

주전자 kettle 역시 어근 ket는 굽다 ,끓다,타다,열을 가하다는 의미다.

그리고 우리말 숱 이나 솥 과 ㅋ<-->ㅅ 발음상의  변형이지 어원은 같다.

퉅-->춭-->숱-->숯

톹-->th번데기-->솥 (가마)

sh ch kh gh 등이 왔다갔다하는 것처럼 말이다.

인도 드라비다어에도 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *k̂uḍ-

Meaning : to cook

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *kVṭV

Meaning: to burn, roast

Altaic: *ki̯òt`è

 

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯òt`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to singe, heat

Russian meaning: обжигать, нагревать

Turkic: *Kat-

 

Proto-Turkic: *Kat-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake

Russian meaning: 1 топить печь 2 огниво 3 печь

Chuvash: xot- 1

Yakut: xatat 2

Kirghiz: qatɨr- 3

Comments: Ашм. XVI, 256, ЭСТЯ 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltaš 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Федотов 2, 372).

Mongolian: *kete

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kete

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: (fire) steel

Russian meaning: огниво

Written Mongolian: kete (L 460)

Middle Mongolian: kete (SH), kete (MA)

Khalkha: xet

Buriat: xete

Kalmuck: ketǝ

Ordos: gete

Shary-Yoghur: kede

Monguor: kide (SM 200), kǝde

Comments: KW 228, MGCD 346.

Tungus-Manchu: *koto-ran-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *koto-ran-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to singe, burn

Russian meaning: опалять, обжигать

Evenki: kotoron-mī (Вас.)

Japanese: *kǝ̀tài ( ~ -ua-)

 

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀tài ( ~ -ua-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: an instrument (iron, soldering-iron)

Russian meaning: утюг, паяльник

Middle Japanese: kòtè

Tokyo: kòte

Kyoto: kóté

Kagoshima: koté

Comments: Accent in Tokyo and Kyoto points rather to *kǝ́tái, but RJ and Kagoshima reflect low tone.

Comments: A common derivative *ki̯òt`è-rV is reflected in Kirgh. qatɨ-r- = Evk. koto-ro-n-.

Dravidian: *k̂uḍ-

Proto-South Dravidian: *cuḍ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *cuḍ-

Meaning : to be hot, burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cuṭu (cuṭuv-, cuṭṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to be hot, burn; warm (tr.), heat, burn up, roast, toast, bake, fry, cook in steam, burn as bricks in a kiln, cauterize, brand; n. burning, heating, scalding

Tamil derivates : cuṭar light, brilliance, lustre, sun, sunshine, moon, planet, fire, burning lamp, flame, spark; cuṭal drops of burning oil falling from a lamp, charred end of a burning stick; cuṭalai, cuṭu-kāṭu burning-ground; cūṭu (cūṭi-) to brand (as cattle), cauterize; n. that which is heated, burnt, roasted, heat, warmth, feverishness, fomentation, hot temper, anger, brand; cūṭṭu that which is burnt or cooked, a kind of ola torch

Malayalam : cuṭuka

Malayalam meaning : to burn, be hot, feel hot; burn (tr.), make hot, toast, roast, bake, boil

Malayalam derivates : cuṭuvikka to get one to burn; cuṭar fire, brightness; cuṭala the burning-place in the southern corner of the compound, burning or burying place; cūṭu heat, burning; cūṭṭu torch; cūṭṭa top of a coconut branch used as a torch

Kannada : suḍu (suṭṭ-)

Kannada meaning : to burn, roast, bake, fire (a gun); be consumed with fire, burn, feel hot, be roasted; n. burning, etc.

Kannada derivates : suḍuka who has burned; suḍuvike, suḍuha burning; suḍu-gāḍu cemetery; sūḍu burning, cauterization; sūṭe a torch of wisps, etc.; soḍa burning; soḍar, soḍaru, soḍalu lamp; suṇṭage, suṇṭige roast meat, act of burning or roasting; that which is chiefly taken for roasting on a spit, the heart

Kodagu : cuḍ- (cuḍuv-, cuṭṭ-)

Kodagu meaning : to burn (tr.)

Kodagu derivates : cuḍɨ gaḷa cremation place; tūḍɨ torch of dry reeds or small splints of wood

Tulu : suḍupini, suḍpini, tuḍupini

Tulu meaning : to burn, be hot, sultry; burn (tr.), bake, toast, roast

Tulu derivates : suḍalè burning a dead body; suḍu, sūḍu act of burning; suḍugāḍụ cemetery; suḍsuḍu a burning sensation in the throat; suḍarụ, tuḍarụ, tuḍārụ lamp; cūḍu heat, warmth, zeal, hot, warm; cūṭè, tūṭè torch made of palm leaves, etc.; soḍarụ smell of burning

Proto-Nilgiri : *tuḍ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *tuḍ-

Meaning : to burn

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tuṛ- (tuṭ-) "to roast, bake (pots), burn (corpses)"

Toda : tuṛ- (tuṭ-) "to burn (tr.)"

Additional forms : Also Kota cuṛ gāṛ funeral burning-place; cūṛ (obl. cūṭ-) heat, a burn, spark thrown off by hammered iron; pair-word with pāṛ hardship (pāṛ cūṛ)

Notes : Kota forms with c- probably borrowed from Kannada (the bifurcation of the original root in two is hard to explain otherwise).

Number in DED : 2654

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) sūḍi torch made of coconut leaves

Number in DED : 2654

Proto-Telugu : *Cū̆ḍ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *Cū̆ḍ-

Meaning : to burn, brand with a hot iron or the like; n. burning, branding, a brand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cū̃ḍu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : suḍiyu "to burn (intr.)"

Number in DED : 2654

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *cuḍ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *cuḍ-

Meaning : to cook, bake

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : suḍ- (suṭṭ-) "to cook"

Kinwat Kolami : cuṛ- "to bake (bread)"

Naikri : suṭ- "to roast"

Naiki : suṛ-/suḍḍ- (suṭṭ-) "to fry"

Number in DED : 2654

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sud_-

Proto-North Dravidian : *kuṛ-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *kuṛ-

Meaning : to grow warm; to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : kuṛnā (kuṭṭas) "to grow warm, become hot, be heated; cook (tr.) on live embers, bake on an open fire"

Malto : kuṛe (kuṭ-) "to burn, roast, sear"

Additional forms : Also MLT kuṛnare to be hot or warm; kuṛni warm, hot.

Number in DED : 2654

우리말 볶다 라는 말도 인도 드라비다어에 있다.

포르-->보르-->보흐-->복-->볶

Meaning : "roast" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *por-

Meaning : to fry, roast

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *por-i-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *por-i-

Meaning : to fry, roast

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pori (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be parched, roasted, fried (as grain), be blackened by fire, burnt by the sun, be dried up or shrivelled (as the skin), crack, pop, throw out sparks

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to fry, parch, bake on live coals, burn (as the sun); n. anything fried, parched grain or pulse, jungle burnt by forest fire, badly cooked food; poriyal frying, fried food

Malayalam : pori

Malayalam meaning : what is parched, parching, a spark

Malayalam derivates : poriyuka to be parched, baked, crackle, pop; porikka to fry, parch; poriccal parching, great heat

Kannada : puri

Kannada meaning : to dry by exposure to the heat of fire, parch (as grain, pulse), roast (as coffee, Cayenne pepper, coconut kernels, etc.); n. parching, roasting, partly boiled and then parched rice

Kannada derivates : (??) burugalu, buragalu parched rice

Kodagu : pori- (-p-, -c-)

Kodagu meaning : (Kar.) to fry

Tulu : pori

Tulu meaning : a spark

Tulu derivates : poriyuni to be broiled, parched; poripuni to broil, parch; podupuni id.; podupelụ parching; poddoḷu, poddoḷụ broiled grain

Proto-Nilgiri : *por-ĭ-

Number in DED : 4537

Proto-Telugu : *por-

 

Proto-Telugu : *por-

Meaning : to fry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : porãṭu

Additional forms : Also [1] proyi, [2] poyi, [3] proyyi, [4] poyyi oven, stove, hearth; (??) [1] borugulu, [2] boruvulu (pl.) fried or parched rice; pokkali stone fireplace (kal stone)

Number in DED : 4537

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *por-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *por-

Meaning : to roast

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *por-nd- (caus. *prot-)

Notes : PG *poṛ- 'to fry' is hardly comparable because the reconstructed consonant is retroflex rather than dental.

Proto-North Dravidian : *por-c-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *por-c-

Meaning : half cooked, not sufficiently boiled (of grains only)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : porcō, poroc

Number in DED : 4537

열을 가해 끓이는 것도 어근 끌(끓-)은 드라비다어에서 온다.

Proto-Dravidian : *gōl-

Meaning : to roast

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Telugu : *gōl-

 

Proto-Telugu : *gōl-

Meaning : to fry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : gōlincu

Number in DED : 2246

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gōl-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gōl-

Meaning : to fry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *gōl-