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출처: 구구덩 원문보기 글쓴이: punuri
History
The first mention of Subyockc igi is in the ancient book History of the Koryo Dynasty, in which
it is referred to as "subak" or "subakhoe". It is now considered, however, that subyockcigi
evolved and became as a unique Korean martial art and self-defense technique as early as the
Three Kingdoms period - indeed, the Ancient Choson period. Warriors competing to become
knights were tested for their skill and grace in subyokchigi, among other subjects, while it was
often featured as a spectator sport at royal banquets.
Subyockcigi lost its prominence towards the beginning of the Choson Dynasty, which was
founded on the principles of Sung Confucianism, and in the aftermath of two waves of foreign
invasions, by Japan and by Ching Dynasty China. From a public, military exercise, subyockc igi
gradually became more of a private hobby, pushed to the fringe by the growing influence of
Confucianism in a civilian administration, and the social dislocation that resulted from the invasions. Later, during the Japanese occupation, when all forms of native martial arts were
suppressed, and while rapid political and social change was sweeping the country after
liberation, subyockc igi fell even further out of the public eye. It was only by the efforts of a
handful of devotees that the sport was preserved and is making something of a comeback today.
Principles
The name "subyockcigi" or "sonbyokcigi", meaning "clapping hands", reflects its most basic
principles, which are imprinted from the very first step of training. That is, the movements of the
hand are directly linked to the brain, and they can exert a positive effect on blood circulation and
the brain. In fact, the light, sound and vibration produced by sonbyockc igi creates a clear and
healthy energy, both physical and spiritual. Thus, the techniques of subyockc igi are based on the
premise that this energy and skill can be combined and used as a discipline of martial arts.
The pose in which hands are joined at the palms, is formed in the process of clapping hands,
which is another important element of subyockcigi and the joined hands and represents harmony,
adaptability, peace, softness and prayer. In both the joined hands and sonbyockc igi can be found
the basic principles and secret techniques of this martial art. That is, the hard, strong techniques
are represented by sonbyockc igi while the soft, flexible techniques are represented by the joined
hands. It is only through both disciplines that one can fully understand in mind, body, and spirit
the nature of harmony and adaptability.
Techniques and Movements
Techniques of subyokchigi can be broadly divided into "Pal-se"(=Eight Forces) and "Palbob"(=
Eight Ways). The arms are called "nalgae"(wings), and movements of wings are called
"Nalgaechit". Pal-se means eight techniques of "Nalgaechit", which are broken down further into
four broader categories, the first of which is "Nalgae-pyogi"(Wing spread); the second is
"Nalgae-gyonugi"(Wings aiming); the third is "Nalgae-jupgi"(=Wings folding) and the fourth is
"Sonbyokchigi"(=Clapping hands).
Pal-bob consists of eight ways of hand movements; "Subyok", the way that the center of the
palm is used for attack, while the whole palm of the hand is used for degense; "Sonnal"(=Hand
blade), which is so called because the edge of the pinkie acts like the blade of a sword;
"Bannel"(=the back of the blade), which is the part from the index finger to the wrist
representing as the back of a sword; "Godugi"(=fingertip) representing as the sword point;
"Jum"(=fist); "Jaebi"(=grabbing), the technique of grabbing the opponent; "Jjipgi"(=pinching),
the technique of pinching the vital points of the opponent for immediate control using the thimb
and index finger; "ssogi"(=shooting), the technique of flicking by the index and middle fingers.
One can find in each of the movements a visible reminder or enactment of the nature of Korean
people.
Subyockcigi and t'aekkyon are considered the two greatest examples of traditional
martial art forms native to Korea. The former is based on three principles - Heaven,
Earth and Humankind - and incorporates the dualism of yin and yang found in nature.
Subyockc igi is very powerful compared to other martial arts, but it forbids
indiscriminate killing and tries to transmute lethal forces into positive, life-enhancing
forces. Subyockc igi as we know it now was preserved by a handful of practitioners through the
Japanese occupation period. In fact, with its emphasis on courtesy, loyalty, and harmony, it is
widely considered the oldest of the traditional Korean martial arts.
Nalgae-dulgi (Wings up)
As a motion of Heaven in Nalgae-pyogi(Wing spread) movements, nalgae-dulgi represents
"respecting deeply". Standing at ease, with the elbows facing outward in front of the abdomen,
the performer claps the hands together and lifts his wings upwards. Then he forms a
circlebringing down the wings, then again the wings are brought together in front of the
abdomen, and with palms spread up open, facing upward.
Nalgae-Naerigi (wings down)
As a motion of Earth in Nalgae-pyogi (Wing spread) movements, Nalgae-naerigi represents
"distribyting widely". The hands are lowered to the chest level, then spread out to each side
slowly, where the "ki" or energy is gathered at the fingertips.
Nalgae-naegi (Wings open)
As a motion of Humankind in Nalgae-pyogi (Wing spread) movements, nalgae-naerigi
represents "distributing evenly". The hands are put together in front of the chest and pushed
forward and outward. Then the hands move apart to the sides in a horizontal position.
Nalgae-seugi (Wing aiming up)
As a motion of Heaven in Nalgae-gyonugi (wings aiming) movements, nalgae-seugi represents
"protecting the center". As if stabbing the opponent's face with a sword, hands are raised and
aimed at the face. Hands strike each other in front of the chest, then the right hand shoots
forward with the left hand sliding across the wrist in two palm lengths. Mostly, the right hand is
extended to the front at an sharp angle and aimed upward.
Du-nalgae-naerigi (Both wings down)
As a motion of Earth in Nalgae-gyonugi (Wings aiming) movements, du-malgae-naetigi
represents "courage". As in the above move, hands strike each other and one hand slides across
the wrist, then they aim downward on a slant.
Han-nalgae-naerigi (One Wing down)
As a motion of Humankind in Nalgae-gyonugi (wings aiming) movements, han-malgae-naerigi
represents "wisdom". Wings are splitm with one hand aimed high and the other aimed low,
creating an empty space which becomes the focal point. Once again, the hands strike each other
in front of the chest, and one hand is aimed upward, while the other slants downward.
Dolgaechigi (Spinning whirlwind)
A move in which the whole body spins around like a whirlwind.
Chaeksanggori, Injungchigi (Foor hooking inward,
Striking face)
An attack move in which one leg whips around the opponent's leg and brings it inward, while the
fist strikes the strategic point in the forehead between the nose and the upper lip.
Gamachigi (Winding strike)
A move in which the attacker wraps his arms around the opponent and strikes with his fist.
Jechojirugi (Flipping)
A strike after deflecting the opponent's fist by flipping.
Naksigori, Kaljaegi (Foot hooking outward, Hand-arc
strike)
An attack move in which the leg is swung outward to knock down the opponent, while the hand
in an arc shape strikes at the neck.
Chotdaegori (Kicking shin)
An attack move in which the heels of the foor is used to knock down the opponent.
Godum-baljil, hirijuchu (Straight kick with waist back)
A move in which one bends backward at the waist to avoid a blow from the opponentm while the leg kicks at the
opponent's lower abdomen.
Godun-baljil, Sonnalnurugi (straight kick with hand-blade pressing)
In this move, the sharp edge of the hands defends the body, while the leg kicks at the opponent's lower
abdomen.
Balnal-turochagi, nopge (Inner twist kick, high)
The edge of the foot is aimed at the opponent's neck.
Balnal-turochagi, natge (Inner twist kick, low)
The edge of the foot is aimed at the opponent's inner thighs.
Sonnal-bakatdoligi (Hand circling outward)
The hand is swung outwards in an elliptical arc in harmony and in step with the footwork. This
move is designed to direct the "ki" of both and mind.
Eup (Polite bow)
Bowing in respect. The correct movements are supposed to encourage both courtesy and "ki".
Parctising all the correct moves and keeping a healthy and calm mind can cultivate self-displine.