Thomas Hardy 일대기

[정동효]

HARDY

BIOGRAPHY

1840: JUNE 2

Thomas Hardy born, Higher Bockhampton, Dorset, eldest child of Jemima (Hand) and Thomas--a builder, who had been married for less than six months. Younger siblings: Mary, Henry, Kate, to whom he remained close. His father and grandfather were stonemasons and church musicians; his mother a skilled cook and embroiderer; his paternal grandmother an oral historian, his maternal grandmother a singer of songs.

 

1848-56

Schooling: attended school established by Julia Augusta Martin.

 

1849

Schooling: attended school in Dorchester. Played fiddle at local weddings and dances.

 

1856

Hardy witnessed the hanging of Martha Browne, condemned to death for the murder of her husband (possibly represented later in Tess). Same year he was articled to Dorchester architect, John Hicks and later became his assistant.

 

1865-61

Studied Latin and Greek from 5-8 am daily. Began writing verse. Read widely and discussed modern thought with friend and mentor, Horace Moule.

 

1862-7

Worked as draughtsman for Arthur Blomfield, London architect. Studied paintings in National Gallery; became an agnostic.

 

1867-70

Returned to Dorset as jobbing architect for Hicks (later Crickmay); worked on church restoration.

 

1868

Completed draft of first novel, The Poor Man and the Lady which was rejected for publication and partially destroyed.

 

1870

Sent by Crickmay to St Juliot in Cornwall; met Emma Gifford. Writing Desperate Remedies.

 

1871-2

Working on Under the Greenwood Tree, partly derived from the early scenes of The Poor Man and The Lady. A Pair of Blue Eyes in early stages of composition. Courting Emma Gifford.

 

1873

Horace Moule committed suicide. Far From the Madding Crowd commissioned by Leslie Stephen (ed., Cornhill). Courting Emma Gifford.

 

1874

Married Emma Gifford; took rooms in Surbiton.

 

1875

Returned to Dorset -- Swanage; writing The Hand of Ethelberta.

 

1876-8

Moved to Sturminster Newton; writing The Return of the Native.

 

1878-81

Moved to Tooting, London; becoming well known in literary circles; completed An Indiscretion in the Life of an Heiress; (never included in his collected works); composing TheTrumpet Major; serious illness while writing A Laodicean which he dictated to Emma. from his sick-bed.

 

1881

Moved to Wimborne Minster, Dorset. Composing Two on a Tower.

 

1883-5

Moved to Dorchester; designed & built Max Gate with his brother. Stayed part-time in London. Composing The Mayor of Casterbridge.

 

1886

Composing The Woodlanders and more short stories.

 

1887

Working on short stories and Tess.

 

1888-91

Writing many short stories. Publication of Tess created furore. Working on The Well-Beloved.

 

1892-4

Father died (1892). Matrimonial relationship deteriorating. Writing short stories. Visited Dublin; met Florence Henniker for whom he developed a deep attachment; they collaborate on a short story

.

1895-6

Publication of Jude scandalizes the establishment. Decides to abandon novel-writing. Relationship with Emma worsens, partly exacerbated by Jude.

 

1897-8

Writing and revising poetry for first collection, Wessex Poems. No more novels. Now fully estranged from Emma. They kept separate at Max Gate.

 

1902

Writing poetry. Started on The Dynasts.(epic drama in verse, centrally featuring Napoleon. Macmillan became his publishers.

 

1904:

Mother died: Jemima Hardy: "the single most important influence in his life."

 

1905

Met Florence Emily Dugdale, his future wife, then aged 26 -- his friend and constant helpmeet.

 

1906-1909

Writing poetry; declines a knighthood.

 

1910

Awarded the Order of Merit.

Revising for the Wessex Edition of his novels (24 volumes). Emma died (1912).

 

1913

Pilgrimage to St Juliot and to Emma's birthplace. Wrote poems "in expiation."

 

1914

Married Florence Dugdale (1914). At outbreak of war joined group of writers committed to write for Allied Cause. Writing poetry.

 

1914-28

Mary (sister) died (1915). Wrote, revised and published more verse. His distant cousin, Frank, killed at Gallipoli. Dramatized Tess performed at Dorcheter (Hardy fell in love with Gertrude Bugler, who played the lead role).

 

1928

1928: Hardy died on January 11. His ashes were buried at Westminster Abbey and his heart in Emma's grave at Stinsford church, Dorset. His brother Henry, also died.

[정동효]

ㅋㅋ 다음에 해석해서 올릴게요^^;;