스크랩 kettle(주전자),caldron(가마솥),crater(분화구)의 어원,가마솥의 어원,우리말 끓더라,끓은,끓었어 라는 말이 전세계로 퍼져나간 예

[김판우]

kettle 주전자

끝을(어원)--->끓을

우리말 끓일때 쓰는 가마(솥)은 인도 드라비다어를 보면 알 수가 있다.

아래 어원자료를 통해 t-->d-->r-->n 혹은 ㅌ-->ㅊ-->ㅅ 의 발음변화법칙까지

알 수가 있다.

가--->kar 혹은 kal 끓다 

마-->boil 혹은 burn 

마-->우리말 마르다(옷이 마르다 dry up과 어원을 같이 한다.이 역시 드라비다어)

인도는 한민족의 정체성을 알 수 있게 한다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kan-

Meaning : angry; to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kan-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kan-

Meaning : angry; to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kan_al (kan_alv-, kan_an_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to be hot, boil, be angry; burn (tr.); n. fire

Tamil derivates : kan_ar_r_u (kan_ar_r_i-) to cause to burn, render warm, shine brightly; kan_ali sun, fire; kan_alōn_ sun; kan_ar_ci heat, glow, anger; kan_ar_al, kan_alvu anger; kan_i (-v-, -nt-) to be redhot, glow, get angry; kān_al heat, sun's ray, light, mirage

Malayalam : kanal

Malayalam meaning : live coals, fire

Malayalam derivates : kanaluka to burn, be hot; kanekka to burn as charcoal; kaniyuka to glow; kānal heat, glare, mirage

Kannada : kanal (kanald-)

Kannada meaning : to be angry; (PBh.) to glow like live coals; n. wrath, anger

Kannada derivates : kanalke wrath, anger; kani glow; (Hav.) kansu to blacken (pot)

Tulu : kani-mūri

Tulu meaning : the smell of smoke

Tulu derivates : kanepuni, kanipuni to be afflicted, hardened; kaṇipuni to be hardened by burning as an earthen vessel; kanevuni the skin to be discoloured by a blow

Proto-Nilgiri : *kan

Number in DED : 1406

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

Meaning : to be angry, burn, give pain; n. anger

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kanalu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kanaru "to grow angry; n. anger"

Additional forms : Also kanakana the glow of fire or live coals; ganagana glowing, glow, blazing; kanakanam-anu, kanakanal-āḍu to glow, shine

Number in DED : 1406

Proto-Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : 1 black 2 to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kar-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : black

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : karu

Tamil meaning : black

Tamil derivates : karukkal darkness, twilight, cloudiness, sunburnt paddy crop; karukku (karukki-) to darken by heat, burn, scorch, toast, fry; karuku (karuki-) to be scorched, blackened by fire or sun, become dark in evening; karukal charred rice; karumai blackness; karum pon_ iron; kari (-v-, -nt-) to be charred, scorched, become black; (-pp-, -tt-) to char; n. charcoal, charred wood, lampblack; kariccān_ king crow; kaŋkul darkness, night

Malayalam : kari, karu

Malayalam meaning : black; charcoal, coal

Malayalam derivates : karikkal, karukkal twilight, dusk, frying; karikka to char, burn black, fire (a jungle), scorch; karippu jungle cultivation; karima, karuma blackness; karukkuka to be dusk; kariuka to be scorched, singed; vb. n. karivu; karimpu dark colour, grey; kariśal that which is singed, scorched; kaŋŋal darkness; kaŋŋuka to be singed, burn in cooking

Kannada : kari

Kannada meaning : to be scorched, singed, charred; fry, roast; n. state of being scorched, frying, blackness, charcoal

Kannada derivates : karaku, kariku state of being scorched; karidu black; kar-, ka- id.; kargu to turn black (or with DEDR 1494); kare blackness; kabbiṇa iron; (PBh.) karipu blackness; (Hav.) karañcu to be scorched; karañcaṭe scorched; (Gowda) kǝrṇṭɨ to become charred

Kodagu : kari- (kariv-, kariñj-)

Kodagu meaning : to be singed

Kodagu derivates : (karip-, karic-) to singe; kari black

Tulu : kari

Tulu meaning : soot, charcoal

Tulu derivates : kariya black; karŋka state of being burnt or singed; karŋkāḍuni to burn (tr.); karñcuni to be burned to cinders; karñcāvuni to cause to burn to cinders; kardụ black; karba iron; karvāvuni to burn the down of a fowl by holding it over the fire; karṇṭuni to be scorched; karguḍe a very black man; fem. karguḍi, kargi

Proto-Nilgiri : *kar-

Miscellaneous : KOR (T) kardɨ black

Number in DED : 1278

Proto-Telugu : *kar-ŋ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kar-ŋ-

Meaning : to fade

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kaggu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kaggu

Additional forms : Also (K) kaŋgu to be scorched, be burnt, fade; (K) krā̃gu to be burned

Number in DED : 1278

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

Meaning : black; to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kinwat Kolami : kārī "black"

Naiki : karan, karen, kareyan "black"

Parji : ker-, (S) kerv- "to burn (intr.)"

Salur Gadba : karid- "to burn away as rice"

Additional forms : Also Parji kerip- (kerit-), (S) kervip- (kervit-) to burn (tr.); Salur (P) karv- to burn (intr.); karup- id. (tr.); karup din summer

Number in DED : 1278

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *karv-

Proto-Dravidian : *kat- (?)

Meaning : to burn

Proto-South Dravidian: *kat-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kat-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malayalam : kattuka

Malayalam meaning : to kindle, burn

Malayalam derivates : kattal burning, heat, appetite; kattikka to set on fire, burn

Kannada : kattu

Kannada meaning : to begin to burn with flame; cause to burn with intensity, inflame, kindle

Kannada derivates : kattisu to inflame, kindle

Kodagu : katt- (katti-)

Kodagu meaning : to burn with a blaze (intr.)

Proto-Nilgiri : *kat-

Miscellaneous : KOR (M) kanti to kindle

Number in DED : 1207

Proto-Dravidian : *kāḍ-

Meaning : burnt, charred; lampblack

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāḍ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kāḍ-

Meaning : lampblack

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : kāḍige

Kannada meaning : lampblack, collyrium prepared from it

Tulu : kāḍigè

Tulu meaning : collyrium of lampblack and oil

Number in DED : 1437

Proto-Telugu : *kāṭ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kāṭ-

Meaning : state of being singed or burned at the bottom of a vessel, as rice, etc. when boiled too much

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kāṭu

Additional forms : Also kāṭuka lampblack, collyrium

Number in DED : 1437

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kāḍ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kāḍ-

Meaning : to be burnt

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : kāḍ- (-it-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kāḍ-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kāḍ-

Proto-Dravidian : *kāḷ-

Meaning : to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāḷ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kāḷ-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malayalam : kāḷuka

Malayalam meaning : to burn, flame

Malayalam derivates : kāḷal high flame, love-fever

Number in DED : 1500

Proto-Telugu : *kāl-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kāl-

Meaning : to burn, be burnt, scalded, scorched, baked

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kālu

Additional forms : Also kālupu burning, setting on fire, baking, roasting; kālcu to burn (tr.), set fire to, scald, singe, scorch, char, bake

Number in DED : 1500

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāḷ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāḷ-

Meaning : to smart

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kāl-

Number in DED : 1500

Brahui : kalūṛ (?)

Proto-Dravidian : *kos- (?)

Meaning : to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-North Dravidian : *qos-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qos-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xossnā (xussyā) "to burn without flame, catch fire, (fire) catches"

Malto : qose "to be burnt, burn"

Additional forms : Also KUR xosstaʔānā to ignite, cause (fire) to catch; MLT qostre to burn (tr.), inflame.

Number in DED : 2042

Proto-Dravidian : *mar_- (*-d_-)

Meaning : 1 to burn 2 to boil

Proto-South Dravidian: *mar_-ug-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *mar_-ug-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : mar_ugu, mar_agu

Kannada meaning : to burn, be very hot, be inflamed with passion, love, suffer great pain, be distressed, grieve

Kannada derivates : mar_uka sorrow, grief; mar_a with grief; maraḷu to bubble up, boil fiercely

Number in DED : 4769

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

 

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

Meaning : to boil (intr.)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mar_ũgu

Dialectal forms (1) : marũgu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : mar_ugu, mar_ãgu "id.; to seethe, bubble; be distressed, grieve"

Additional forms : Also mar_ukuva, (K) marukuva grief

Number in DED : 4769

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mar_- (*-d_-)

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mar_- (*-d_-)

Meaning : to burn, boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : mar_g- (-it-)

현재 우리말 받침 ㄹ은 과거 ㅌ에서 발전하여 온 것이다.

ㅌ-->ㄷ-->ㄹ  를 어원자료를 통해서도 알 수가 있다.

영어 

caldron

가마솥, 큰 냄비

끌던-->끓던 (어원)

라틴어

cŏrtína

1.  가마솥, 큰 남비

끓더나-->어원

폴란드어

kocioł

솥; 단지; 큰남비

네덜란드어

ke'tel

큰솥, 큰남비

과거엔 ㄹ받침이 ㅌ이었다. 끝을(끓을)-->어원

caldera 

칼데라(보통 화산의 폭발로 인해 화산 꼭대기가 거대하게 패여 생긴 부분)

스페인어사전

caldera  

1. 보일러, 기관 

2. 가마솥, 큰 

끓더라 -->어원

이탈리아어

caldèra

crater 

1. 분화구

2. (폭탄 등에 의해 땅이 패여 생긴) 큰 구멍

끌었어-->끓었어(어원)

이 말들 모두 인도 드라비다어에 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kod-

Meaning : to boil; to reduce to pulp

Proto-South Dravidian: *kod-i-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kod-i-

Meaning : to boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : koti (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to boil, bubble up from heat, effervesce, be heated (as the body, ground, etc.), be enraged, be offended, burn with desire; n. bubbling up (as of boiling water or oil), heat (as of fire, weather, etc.), fever, rage, grief, desire

Tamil derivates : koti-koti- to bubble up (as boiling rice); kotippu, kotiyal boiling, bubbling up, heat, fever, rage, grief; kotiyan_ one who hankers after food; kutampu (kutampi-) to boil up, bubble up (as boiling water), get angry; kutukutu (-pp-, -tt-) to desire eagerly; kutukutuppu eagerness, desire

Malayalam : koti

Malayalam meaning : eagerness, greediness

Malayalam derivates : kotikka to be greedy, envious, covet; kotiyan glutton

Kannada : kudi

Kannada meaning : to boil, bubble up, boil up, suffer pain or vexation in the mind; n. boiling, etc., grief

Kannada derivates : kudisu, kudiyisu, kudasu to boil (tr.); kudige, kudiha boiling, etc.; kutakuta, kotakota the noise of boiling water; kudakal, kudapal state of being (partially) boiled; (K2) kuduguḷi glutton, greedy person; (Hav.) kodi to boil; desire to eat; n. boiling; kodippāṭu greedy

Kodagu : kodi- (kodip-, kodic-)

Kodagu meaning : to boil (intr.) with bubbling noise, feel love for, kiss, feel concerned for; kodi love, desire

Tulu : kodipuni, kodiyuni

Tulu meaning : to boil (intr.), seethe

Tulu derivates : kodipāvuni to cause to boil; kodipelụ, kodupelụ act of boiling; kodi greediness, eagerness; kudipuni, kudyuni to repent, regret; kudipēvuni to be desiring, wishing, be anxious

Proto-Nilgiri : *kodĭ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *kodĭ-

Meaning : to boil

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kodc- (kodc-) "to quiver (of water about to boil, flesh of animal just killed, eyelid)"

Toda : kwɨɵy- (...) "(water) approaches boiling-point"

Additional forms : Also Toda kwɨɵyet_-, kwɨɣkyet_- to make (water) boil; ? kwɨy- (kwɨc-) to bubble, boil

Notes : In Kota the present stem was replaced by analogy with the past stem. It is unclear whether Toda kwɨy- belongs here. Since this is the only certain example of a verbal stem in *-dǐ-, the following development is not excluded: (a) *kod-ǐ-t- > Toda *kwɨɵc- > *kwɨc-; (b) *kod-ǐ- > kwɨy- as a hypercorrect back-formation from the past stem *kwɨc-. In this case kwɨɵy- would either be an archaic variant or a newer re-borrowing.

Number in DED : 2084

Number in DED : 2084

Proto-Telugu : *kud-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kud-

Meaning : bubbling, simmering, the sound produced in boiling

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kutakuta

Additional forms : Also (?) goda hunger; godagoda anger; goda-konu to be excited, be in haste, be hungry; kutakutalā̃ḍu to bubble, simmer, boil

Number in DED : 2084

끓어 ,끓어뿌 -->끓어버려의 경상도사투리 

Proto-Dravidian : *kūr-

Meaning : boil

Proto-South Dravidian: *kur-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kur-

Meaning : pustule, boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kuru

Tamil meaning : pustule, blister, any eruptive disease such as smallpox, measles, boil, sore, prickly heat, horripilation

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to appear, break out (as prickly heat); kuruppu pimple

Malayalam : kuru

Malayalam meaning : pustule, boil, smallpox

Malayalam derivates : kurukka to break out as smallpox; kuruppu smallpox

Kannada : kuru, kuruvu

Kannada meaning : a protuberance or excrescence on the body, a boil

Tulu : kuri

Tulu meaning : a boil

Tulu derivates : kurni sore on the eyelid

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Telugu : *kur_up- (?)

 

Proto-Telugu : *kur_up- (?)

Meaning : a boil, abscess

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kur_upu

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūrp

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūrp

Meaning : pimple; boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naikri : kurup "pimple"

Parji : kur "small boil"

Poya Gadba : kūr "boil"

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūr-, *kur-p-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūr-, *kur-p-

Meaning : boil

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kurp-

 

Proto-Gondi : *kurp-

Meaning : boil

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : kurpum, (Su.) kurpu

Adilabad Gondi : kurkūm "(Su.) pustule, blister, boil"

Number in DED : 1780

Number in CVOTGD : 781

Konda : kūru

 

Konda : kūru

Meaning: a boil

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kūr-u

 

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kūr-u

Meaning : boil, bubo

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kūṛṛū (pl. kūṛka) "bubo"

Kuwi (Schulze) : kūru "a boil"

Kuwi (Israel) : kūru "a boil"

Number in DED : 1780

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ằgru { ~ -br-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *kVwrV

Meaning: to burn, bake

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : to burn, bake

Eurasiatic : *kVwrV

Afroasiatic : *kar- (quite probably also the words for 'hot' and 'furnace' in ND 924, 926, 1940)

African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kádịŋg- 'fry, roast'.

Indo-European: *g'werǝ-

 

Proto-IE: *g'werǝ-

Meaning: to burn, to flame

Old Indian: jvarati `to be feverish', jvara- m. `fever, grief', jū́rvati `to consume by heat, singe'

Baltic: *ǯwēr-a- adj., *ǯwir-ē̂- vb., *ǯur̂- vb. inch., *ǯǖ̂r-ē̂- vb. (1)

Germanic: *kur-t-Vs=

Russ. meaning: гореть, пылать

References: WP I 643

Altaic: *ki̯ằgru { ~ -br-)

Uralic: *korpe

 

Number: 365

Proto: *korpe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to burn, be burnt

German meaning: brennen, verbrannt werden, versengt werden

Finnish: korpea-, korventa-, korvetta- 'sengen, versengen'

Estonian: kõrb (gen. kõrve) 'Versengen, Anbrennen', kõrbe- 'anbrennen, brennen (intr.)'

Saam (Lapp): guor'bâ- -rb- (N) 'be scorched', kuor'pa- (L) 'durch Waldbrand verheert werden; erlöschen, ohne zu Ende gebrannt zu haben')

Mordovian: kurva- (E) 'lodern, lodernd brennen', kurvaśt́e-, kirvaśt́e-, kraśt́i- (E), koŕväśt́e- (M) 'anzünden'

Hungarian: hërvad- (dial. hirvad-) 'welken, verdorren' ?

Selkup: kuurra- (NP), kuura- (OO) 'sengen (Holz)'

Kartvelian: *q̇webr- (? *q̇werb-)

Dravidian: *kur-

References: ND 924 *ko(w)rV 'embers, hearth'; 926 *kür[ʔ]V 'to shine; flame' (part of Alt. + IE + Drav.); 1940 *q̇oRbV 'hearth, stove; to bake' (Kartv.+Ural.). Cf. *gUrV.

Meaning: to bake, boil

Russian meaning: жарить, варить

Turkic: *KAgur-

 

Proto-Turkic: *KAgur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to roast, fry

Russian meaning: жарить

Karakhanid: qaɣur-, qoɣur-, qovur- (MK)

Turkish: kavur-

Tatar: quwɨr-

Middle Turkic: qavur- (Houts., Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qɔwur-, dial. qɔɣur-

Uighur: qoru-

Azerbaidzhan: Govur-

Turkmen: Govur-, Gavɨr- (А-Б)

Khakassian: xōr-

Shor: qōr-

Oyrat: kūr-

Tuva: xōr-

Kirghiz: kūr(u)-

Kazakh: quwɨr-

Noghai: quwɨr-

Bashkir: quwɨr-, dial. qɨwɨr-

Gagauz: qa'ur-

Karaim: qavur-

Karakalpak: quwɨr-

Comments: VEWT 220, ЭСТЯ 5, 175-177.

Mongolian: *kaɣur-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kaɣur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to roast, bake, fry

Russian meaning: жарить, печь

Written Mongolian: qa(ɣ)uru-, (L 910:) qaɣur-, qaɣuur-, quɣur-

Middle Mongolian: qawur- (MA) 1

Khalkha: xūr-

Buriat: xūra-

Kalmuck: xūr-

Ordos: xūr-

Dongxian: kuru-

Monguor: kurgu- (SM 216)

Mogol: ZM qouro (14-6b) 'to boil, roast'

Comments: KW 201, 204. Southern forms seem to reflect front vocalism.

Tungus-Manchu: *kurgi-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kurgi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to burn, catch fire

Russian meaning: гореть, вспыхивать

Evenki: kurgi-; {dial. korō-, korowkān- 'to burn down'}

Negidal: kurgi-sin-

Literary Manchu: χur-še-

Ulcha: kurǯi-

Solon: xudǯi-

Comments: ТМС 1, 435.

Korean: *kɨ̀rh-

 

Proto-Korean: *kɨ̀rh-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil

Russian meaning: варить(ся)

Modern Korean: k:ɨr(h)-

Middle Korean: kɨ̀rh-

Comments: Nam 74, KED 250.

Japanese: *kùrì-dà

 

Proto-Japanese: *kùrì-dà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: kitchen

Russian meaning: кухня

Old Japanese: kurija

Middle Japanese: kùrìjà

Tokyo: kùrija

Kyoto: kúríjá

Kagoshima: kurijá

Comments: JLTT 464. The accent in Tokyo and Kyoto is irregular (pointing to *kúrí-dá), but Kagoshima together with RJ point to original low tone.

Comments: Mong. may be < Turk. (see TMN 3, 542, Щербак 1997, 132), but may well be genuine, see KW 202, Владимирцов 206, Poppe 48. Korean has the typical "verbal" low tone. The specific medial cluster explains somewhat irregular vowel behaviour in Kor.