The Dutch city of Utrecht is developing a pilot project for a universal basic income that will launch in January 2017. The Finnish government is designing a trial to see whether giving low-income people a guaranteed basic income destroys their motivation to do any work at all, as critics allege. The idea is not going away because most “real” jobs are on the way out.
The old argument in defence of technological change – that it creates more new jobs than it destroys – no longer holds water. In the 1980s, 8 percent of new jobs created in the developed economies were in entirely new occupations, from call-centres to computer programmers. In the 1990s, only 4.4 percent of the new jobs involved newly invented occupations. In the 2000s, only half a percent did.
기술의 변화가..변화에 딸 없어지는 직업보다 더 많은 새로운 직업을 만들어 낸다는 곰팡내 나는 주장은 ...한 마디로 개소리
1980년대 (it 혁명시대를 의미함) 경제선진국에서 기술진보에 따라 새로 만들어진 직업은 8%
1990년엔 4.4%
2000대엔 0.5%
So full-time jobs with benefits have declined – only one-quarter of working-age Americans now have one – and the so-called “gigging economy” has not filled the gap. You may be able to stay afloat financially by doing a variety of “gigs” – low-paid, short-term, often part-time jobs – but you will never make ends meet, let alone get a mortgage..
Industrial jobs were the first to be destroyed by automation, but it soon moved on to the less demanding clerical jobs as well. As somebody said: “Every ATM contains the ghosts of three bank tellers.” And now it’s moving on to the kinds of jobs that it once seemed impossible to automate. Driving, for example.
The driverless vehicles that are now to be found meticulously observing the speed limit (and causing angry traffic jams behind them) on the roads of various major cities will soon be out of the experimental stage. At that point, the jobs of many millions of truck-drivers, bus-drivers and van-drivers will be in jeopardy.
Another huge chunk of the economy will start shedding jobs rapidly as online health monitoring and diagnosis take over the routine work of non-specialized health professionals. A similar fate awaits most mid-level jobs in the financial services sector, the retail sector and “management” in general.
The standard political response to this trend is to try desperately to create other jobs, even if they are poorly paid, almost pointless jobs, in order to keep people “in work” and off welfare. Unemployment is sees as a failure by both the government and the victim.
Yet this “problem” is actually a success story. Why would you see an economy that delivers excellent goods and services without requiring people to devote half their waking hours to work as a problem? The real problem is figuring out how to distribute the benefits of automation when people’s work is no longer needed.
자동화로 인해 더 이상 노동이 필요하게 되지 않을 때 자동화의 효익을 어떻게 분배 할 것이냐가 진짜 문제이다..
(스티브 호킹스 박사 말 기억나지?.........
중요한 것은 자동화(기계)가 아니라...자동화를 누가 소유하고 잇느냐 이다
자본주의의 자본가들이 자동화를 소유하는한....자본주의는 지속할수 없다..)
And so to this relatively new idea: universal basic income. The core principle is that everybody gets a guaranteed income that is enough to live on, whether they are poor or rich, employed or not. They can earn as much more as they want, if they can find the work, but their basic needs are covered.
The actual amounts did not get mentioned in the Swiss referendum, but the people who proposed it were thinking in terms of a monthly income of $2,500 for every adult, and an additional sum of $625 a month for every child. It would replace the usual humiliating jumble of welfare payments with a single fixed sum for everybody, so it has appeal for the right-wing as well as the left.
In the Swiss model (and in many others) the cost of a universal basic income is about 50 percent higher than current expenditure on welfare payments, so taxes would be higher. But so would incomes, including those of high earners, since even they are getting the same flat annual payment of $30,000 per adult.
As for the inevitable rise of the “gigging economy”, that then becomes just the way people top up their incomes in order to afford luxuries. If there is work available, then people would still want to do it – but if there is not, they would still have decent lives.
일 할수 잇는 직업이 존재 하고 일 하기를 원 하는 사람들은 그리 하면 된다..
그런데 일 할수 없게된 사람들도 버젓한 생활을 할수 잇게 하여야 한다..
어차피 일 자리를 줄어들게 되 잇고...뽀도시 밥만 먹고 살수 잇는 임금만 지급 받는다면...사람들은 다른 것을 생각하게 될것이다
칼 막스는...이미 200년 전에 이런 상황을 예견 하엿고.....혁명을 이야기 햇고...
러시아에선 막스가 주장햇던 그런 혁명은 아니지만 볼세비키 혁명이 일어낫다.....
인민들은 이런 사실을 매우 잘 알고 잇다..
이들은 결코 가만 잇지 않을 것이다...
About half the remaining traditional full-time jobs in advanced economies will be eliminated by automation in the next 10-20 years, so this is an idea whose time has come.
앞으로 20년 후면 현재의 풀타임 직업의 반이 자동화로 사라지게 될것이다
Then why did the Swiss reject it by a 4-to-1 majority? Mainly because their deal with the European Union means that they have relatively open borders.
Luzi Stamm, a member of parliament for the right-wing Swiss People’s Party, liked the idea in principle but opposed it in practice: “Theoretically, if Switzerland were an island, the answer is yes,” he told the BBC. “But with open borders, it’s a total impossibility…If you offered every individual [living here] a Swiss amount of money, you would have billions of people who would try to move into Switzerland.”
Well, tens of millions anyway. But the solution to that is to control the borders, not to abandon the whole idea. And it will be back.
첫댓글 하자님 생각에 현재로는 기본소득제 외의 대안은 없는건가요?
저는 걱정이 앞서서요
네..제가보기엔 없어요...
기본소득이 물건너가면..다죽던가..덜죽으려면 봉기를 하던가...
사람에게 제일 소중한게 생명이잖아요....
살수 있는 길이 있으면 최소 죽을 생각은 안해요..
미국이 기본소득이없어서 한국이나 없는 민족을 괴롭힐까요?
미국에서는 자살율이 0일까요?
기본소득은 건전하게 산다는 원칙 위에서 필요한것으로 봅니다.
미국처럼 해적질해서 얻은 부유함으로 다른 민족 괴롭히며 잘사는것은
정상적인 도덕을 갖지않고 부를 축적해서 그부를 싸움 실력으로 전환한예로 볼수있지요~~
아이큐가 몇이냐에따라 중요한것이 무엇이다로 결정될뿐이라고 생각합니다.
먹고 사는것이 최우선이 될수는 없지요~~
먹고살수있으면 일본의 사무라이는 명예를위해 자살을하는경우는 어떻게 설명하실건가요?
먹고사는것 이전에 건전한 생활 바탕위에 먹을 거리의 평든을 말해야 합니다.
이나라는 대기업을 위한 법이기 때문에
기본 바탕인 건전한 덕치를 떠난 평등적 분배를 말씀하시고 있습니다.
기본은 정치인들이 국민을 위하고 희생하는 본분이 있어여 합니다.
정치인들이 국민을 고객으로 생각하여 장사의 원리에 따라 이익을 추구하는 정치는 지금의 생황에서 아무리 잘먹고 잘살아도 이긴다 진다 경쟁하다 억울하면 죽어가려하는것이 사람들입니다.
어차피 이기고지고 스트레스받고 굶고 없이살고 의기의 조절이 잘안되어 생기는 현상으로 봅니다.
물질 만능주의가 이세상을 기본의 덕치를 망각하게 하는가봅니다.
제 생각이 틀렸나요?
@마바리 글을 따로 뽑겠습니다...
농축수산업관련부분을 키워야 하는 중요한 시점이 도래한것입니다
자급률도 낮은 울나라는 심각성을 알아야 합니다
자연에서 얻을수 있는 먹을걸이를 되살려야 하며 갯벌을 살리는데 전국민토론이 있어야 합니다
이런한쪽에 어마어마한 일자리가 있다는걸 잊어선 안됩니다
부동산에 미쳐있는 현실이 마음 아플뿐입니다
그게 몇명이나 필요하고 어떡해 관리해야 하는지 일반인에게 정보가 전무하죠..
식량자급률은 국가가 스스로 감소시키는 방향으로 계속 추진하고 있으니 거기에 따른 댓가는 반드시 치를 겁니다..
@하자하자 당장 눈앞에 와 있답니다