[펌] { Korean History Specila } Discovery of Korean Prehistoric Age

{KBS 역사스페셜}  월드컵 특별기획, 고인돌과 고래사냥의 땅, 한반도의 선사시대   -근데...... 한글로 써있는 건 어쩔수가 없네요.....   { Korean History Specila } Discovery of Korean Prehistoric Age ---------------------------------------------------------------- 프롤로그 -한강 부감 10" -음악과 함께 흘리고- -지하철 9" The repetition of our daily lives ... keeps us too busy to ever look back. -구름 흘러간다 5" But where do we come from? -웜홀 5" -흘리고- -왼편에 치우친 고인돌 5" The people who lived on this land, tens of thousands of years ago... -암각화 5" they left their marks in several places. -쉬고 - -인골 5" Through those marks, we can surpass time and space... -검은모루 동굴 5" and communicate with them. -쉬고- -하늘 10" What went on here in prehistoric times? On this very land we now call home. ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 1 - 야외 기본세트 The global festival, 2002 FIFA World Cup has finally begun. The whole world has its eyes and ears on the Korean Peninsula... so we've planned a series of special programs. Throughout the month of June, we will air 5 weekly programs, highlighting the history of the Peninsula. They will provide you with a concise, but entertaining look... at Korea's past glory. On this first program of the 5-part series, we'll take you back in time to the prehistoric era. The prehistoric era refers to the time before history started to be recorded. This includes the Paleolithic age, Neolithic age and the Bronze age. In terms of numbers, we're talking about the period ranging from 5 million... to several thousand years ago. Yes, it's definitely a time long gone. It's not an easy task to figure out what the prehistoric era was like, since there's no written record. However, if we look closely enough, we'll find many traces left behind by people who lived in prehistoric times. #고인돌 가리키며 The dolmen standing behind me is one of them. There are also stone tools, petroglyphs, and bones of prehistoric humans. These remains provide us with a fairly clear picture of how the prehistoric people lived... and even what their faces looked like. So, let's travel back to the beginning of time... to the prehistoric era on this land. When did people start inhabiting the Korean Peninsula? What kind of people were they? ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1.문명의 태동기부터 이 땅의 역사는 시작되었다. -도로 트래킹 4" -팬하면 검은모루 유적 12" Half an hour's drive from downtown Pyongyang takes us to Sangwon-kun Heuku-Ri, whose name means Black Anvil. -암벽으로 줌인 12" On the roadside is a hill that's been cut away... This is the most representative remains in Korea... of the Paleolithic age. -암벽 스케치 8" The name Black Anvil means black corner. It was named so... because the rocks on the hill are black in color. -암벽 걸어올라가는 7" (현장음 "Is this where you found most of the remains?") -암벽에서 틸다운..암벽 살피는 12" The remains were uncovered in 1964, while workers were building a road. Animal bones were unearthed in several places along the cliff. -하이에나 아래턱뼈 3" -큰뿔사슴 아래턱뼈 11" They belonged to 29 animal species... -원숭이 머러뼈 4"' Hyena, giant deer, among others... Most of the animals are in existence today. -큰쌍코뿔이 턱뼈 10" But there is one unusual kind. It's the jawbone of an animal called double-horn rhinoceros. -턱뼈에서 c.g.뼈들 10" The double-horn rhinoceros is an extict animal. They disappeared from this planet a long time ago. -뼈들 조합돼...동물로 20" - 음악, 뼈 복원되기 시작하고 - The discovery of the bones means Black Anvil was formed at the time of the double-horm rhinoceros... that is, a very long time ago. -석기들 24" Then were there people inhabiting the place at the time? The stone tools uncovered alongside the bones tell us there were indeed people living there. At first glance, they look like ordinary stones. But there are traces of human touch. They're from the early Paleolithic Age. -돌 들고오는 윤박사 6" Stone tools are divided into periods according to how they were made. -돌들 모으는 타이트 7" So how do the stone tools from Black Anvil fall into the early Paleolithic Age? -돌깨는 모루떼기 14" They were made by crushing stones against giant rocks. It's the most primitive way of making stone tools. -날 보여주고 6" Just by crushing the stones, one can create a sharp blade such as this. --------------- -현장음처럼 인터뷰 "직접떼기로..돌망치에의한.." It was done by stone hammers... "윗쪽을 타격하면 아랫면이 떨어지네요?" If you hit the top side, the bottom side falls off "그렇지요" yes ------------------- -돌치는 12" Creating the blade by breaking off large stones was how stone tools were made in the early Paleolithic Age. ----------- *윤용현 인터뷰 When early humans made stone tools, they could only make one tool out of a large stone like this. They didn't use the parts that were broken off. But as we move from the early, to mid and late stone age, we see they made better use of the cutaway pieces. ------------ -여러돌들 15" In the beginning, they crushed off the edges the stone to make only one large tool. But as time went on, they learned to use even the smaller pieces of the cutaways to create sharp-bladed tools. -석기들 14" The people who inhabited Black Anvil made large, coarse stone tools, leading us to the conclusion that they belonged to the early Paleolithic Age. -검은모루 사람 있는 것 20" North Korea estimates the Black Anvil remains to be about a million years old. There is some debate over the exact time, but scholars in both North and South Korea share the view that the Black Anvil remains are of the early Paleolithic Age, and that they're the oldest evidence of inhabitants on the Korean Peninsula. -검은모루줌아웃 14" A million years ago, there were already people living here. In the Paleolithic Age at the birth of civilization, the history of the Korean Peninsula began. -만달동굴로 가는 차 트래킹 9" Then what did the people who lived here in the early Stone Age look like? -팬 만달동굴 보인다 18" Mandalli in Seungho District, on the outskirts of Pyongyang... is Mandal Cave... which also dates back to the Paleolithic Age. -만달동굴 내부 9" In 1979, when the cave was uncovered, scholars found human bones alongside animal bones. -만달사람 머리뼈 18" (줌아웃되면) The skull of someone who lived here tens of thousands of years ago... It wasn't in perfect condition, but just by examining the cranium and lower jaw bone, we could tell what early Stone Age people looked like. -인골 11" North Korean scholars who analyzed the human bones, have reached a suprising conclusion, that the owner of the bones is the direct ancestor of the Korean people. ----------- *석광준 인터뷰 After the measuring the bones, we concluded that they beloned to the direct ancestor of the Korean people. The direct ancestor of the Korean people is the old-type Korean. Then where does the old-type Korean come from? He is the descendant of the person whose bones were uncovered in Mandal Cave. ------------ -조용진교수 작업중 13" Is that true? We asked Professor Cho Yong-jin, who studies Korean people's facial structure, to restore the Mandal man's face. -인골 머리폭 재고 5" -흘리고- -등고선 13" But we found something unusual. When we put the Mandal man's face under a contour lamp to check symmetry, we found his face was slightly crooked to the left. -두사람 얘기중 4" Why did we get this asymmetry? ----------- *조용진인터뷰 The forehead starts way in the back, and the eyes are small. The jaw's very well-developed, giving the man a very strong character. The jaw bone is off-center. It's tilted to the left. This is because he chewed with his left teeth for a long time, which probably means the food at the time was very leathery and hard. -------------------- -c.g. 인골 만들어진다. 12" (인골 합해지면...한참 보다가) Eating habits like this change the structure of the mouth and jaw. -앞니로 줌인 Big front teeth are needed to bite off leathery food... -입돌출 5" These, in turn, cause the mouth to protrude and the jaw to become enlarged. -측면으로 돌아가서 턱 벌어지고 13" More muscles are needed to support a large jaw. The cheek bones grow wider apart to make more room for muscles. -복원된 만달얼굴 19" The wide face that is typically seen in Northeast Asian people, including Koreans, is seen in the Mandal man, who inhabited this land some 20-thousand years ago. --------------- *조용진 INT The crown of the head of modern-day Koreans is higher than that of most other peoples. The distance between the earhole and top of the head is quite long. The eyes are small, the forehead starts farther back, and the jaw is large. These characteristics are shared by the Mandal man. Judging from this, I would carefully conclude that there's a good possibility of connection between modern-day Koreans and the Mandal man. ------------------- -만달인복원상 10" -음악 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 2 ... 실내 기본세트 #복원상 보며 What did you think? It's a very familiar face to all of us. It's fascinating and amazing that people who look like us inhabited this land tens of thousands of years ago. For us, the Paleolithic Age was the forgotten age for a long time. Up until 40 or 50 years ago, it was widely believed that there was no Paleolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula. #지도등장 But as you see on this map, since the discovery of Black Anvil in North Korea in the early 1960's, old stone age relics have been popping up across the country. Now there are over a thousand sites that house old stone age relics. The Korean Peninsula has been home to many people from as early on as the Paleolithic Age. Then what was their lifestyle like? It's commonplace knowledge that, in the Stone Age, people moved around and made their living mostly by hunting. And in the Bronze Age. they began to settle down and build agrarian societies. But if we delve deeper into their lifestyles, we find facts that are beyond our wildest imagination. #암각화 등장 Take a look at this picture. It's a petroglyph. Petroglyphs are stone paintings created about 3-thousand years ago in the Bronze Age. They provide important clues to the thoughts and lifestyles of Bronze Age people. #살펴보며 Just by looking at this picture, it's hard to tell what the painters tried to express. Most of the petroglyphs found on the Korean Peninsula are abstract and geometric, like this one. But unlike the other petroglyphs, there is one that is very representational and realistic... giving us detailed information about life in the Bronze Age. It's the Bangudae petroglyph in Ulsan. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 3000년전,울주에선 고래잡이가 성행했다!!... -헬기샷 10" The Bangudae petroglyph is found in the upper reaches of the Taehwa River, which runs across the city of Ulsan. -팬 암각화....11" A tributary of the Taehwa River, Daegok Stream... boasts beautiful scenery against the backdrop of a ravine and a cliff. -배 타고들어가는 느낌 12" The drawings are on the broadest and flattest part of the cliff. -암각화부분 14" -(조금 보다가) As we approached the cliff, we saw the drawings. The drawings were mostly of animals... The outlines of the drawings were so clear, it was hard to believe they were thousands of years old. ------------------ *문명대교수 인터뷰(현장에서) On a single plane, there are drawings of about 220 to 230 animals, but there are drawings underneath them as well. So if we include all of those, the rock is filled with over 300 animal drawings. There's no other petroglyph like this. It's the only one in Korea, and all over the world. ---------------- -암각화 22" The drawings are sheltered from rain and snow by a rock that's shaped like a roof. Most of the drawings are located in the center... More than 200 are found in an area, measuring 6 meters in width and 3 meters in height. There are so many other drawings around the center, that it was hard to take the entire petroglyph in one sight. -복원작업 풀 6" -점찍는 14" We decided to put all of the drawings on one canvas including computer graphics. First, we laid a transparent film on a rubbed copy of the Bangudae Petroglyph. We then copied the drawings. -보다가- -비닐 컴퓨터로 옮기는 8" Then we fed the film through a computer -컴퓨터화면 3" scanner, and the Bangudae Petroglyph appeared on our computer monitor. -사람얼굴 2" -컴퓨터 색 입혀지는 4" To make the drawings easier to see, we put different colors on them. -엔터치는 2" -암각화로 줌인 6" - 보다가 - -암각화에 그림들 생기고 17" Now we could clearly see what the drawings on the Bangudae cliff were... and how they're spread out on a big rock. The drawings were widely divided into sea animals and land animals. -호랑이 6" Among the land animals, we see leopards... -보다가- -사슴 4" and a flock of deer. - -보다가- -바다동물 생기고 5" There are various sea animals as well. -상어 3" This wriggling creature is a shark. -작은 물고기 3" We also see small fish... -물개 4" and a seal with fish in its mouth. -고래들 24" But only one or two drawings like these... Most of the sea animals are whales. Of the total 68 sea animal drawings, 43 are of whales. But we found something interesting about the whale pictures. They all had slightly different shapes. Why were they all shaped differently? -풀샷에서 고래종류 나오고 8" It's because they represent different species. -긴수염고래 4" This whale is spouting water. -고래들 물뿜는 그림 5" Whales blow water in different manners depending on the subspecies. Some spout -긴 수염고래 줌인 11" a fountain... others a straight stream. The V-shaped spray comes from the fin whale. -암각화와 실사 비교 6" This drawing on the petroglyph is that of a fin whale. -암각화에서 흰긴수염고래 6" There's also a whale with several long stripes across its body. -실사 4" The blue whale is characterized by folds running across its belly. -실사와 비교 11" The one on the petroglyph represents the blue whale. -암각화범고래... 6" This whale is half carved out. -실사 4" -음악- -두개 비교 7" Different carving methods were used to represent different kinds of whales. -암각화 귀신고래 5" The mouth on this whale is quite pronounced. -실사 5" And there is a type of whale that has a similarly-shaped mouth. -두개비교 5" The similarities are striking enough for one to believe someone copied the photograph. -암각화향유고래 5" This whale on the petroglyph has a stubby mouth. -실사 5" -두개 비교 4" These drawings couldn't have been made, unless the drawers were familiar with different types of whales. -고래 뛰어노는 12" But that's not all. The drawings accurately depict even the ecology of whales. -애기고래 등에 업고 다니는 11" The gray whale carries its baby on its back. This is to allow the baby whale to breathe, since it can't stay under water for more than 30 seconds. -새끼고래 등에 업은 암각화14" The petroglyph drawings depict these characteristics in detail. This drawing shows the gray whale with its baby on the back. -해초사이에 노는 고래 2" -해초사이에 노는 고래 암각화 11" Whales like to swim through narrow gaps between rocks or among marine plants. - 암각화의 해초사이 노는 -음악- 고래 -고래 물뿜는 4" Whales spout water while they feed. -암각화 먹이 먹는 11" They filter their feed by gulping down sea water and spouting it. The petroglyph even includes a drawing showing the whale's feeding process. -고래 뛰어노는 3" -암각화 9" We can also see whales jumping into and out of water amongst a pack of porpoises. -음악- ---------------------------------------- 정동찬 인터뷰 You see documentaries on whales on National Geographic or NHK. These are just as good. It's as if they transferred scenes from the documentaries to one large canvas. ----------------------------------------- -암각화 c.g. 12" As if looking through the pages of an illustrated guide to whales, the Bangudae Petroglyph depicts the subspecies and ecology of whales in great details. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 3 - 암각화 앞에서 If the people 3-thousands years ago had accurate knowledge of whale subspecies and ecology, it must mean whales were a very big part of their lives... in other words, they were whale hunters. Let's see if it's true. # 고래잡고 가는 배 그림 나온다. Take a look at this picture. There's a large whale on the right and what looks like a crescent on the left... This is a boat. And the little dots are people. This thing between the boat and the whale is called 'bugu'. It's like a harpoon. #부구 등장 It looks like this. Eskimos still use a tool like this, when they hunt whales. Big, strong whales turn very violent when they're shot by harpoons. But by using this, one can keep the boat relatively stable, while wearing the whale out. #부구 사라지고 고래끌고가는 배 This picture portrays a boat towing its catch. There are several other drawings on the petroglyph showing the process of whale hunting. #고래에 접근하는 배 그림 나오고 In this picture too, we see a whale and a boat. This can be seen as either the boat towing the whale after catching it, or approaching the whale for hunting. #작살꽂는 포수 그림 나오고 Here... you see a harpooner stabbing a whale. #작살 꽂힌 고래 나오고 Here's a separate drawing of a whale with a harpoon driven into it. #그물로 고래 잡는 모습 나오고 And you also see a whale caught in a fishing net. #위의 그림들 나와있는 상태.. If we look at the overall picture, we see the different stages of whale hunting. But this picture alone does not prove that people really hunted whales back then. There were no power boats at the time... so they probably used wooden boats. And their tools and weapons, as we saw... are just harpoons and fishing nets. Were they able to catch big whales with primitive tools like these? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3.선사시대 하이테크...결합식 작살 ... 신석기시대 강조 -동삼동 풀 바다에서 7" -(충분히 보다가) The shore in Dongsam-dong, Busan... -두사람 서있는 풀 6" Here we find traces of whale hunting in prehistoric times. -발굴자료화면 17" Dongsam-dong Shell Heap is the largest in Korea. Since it was discovered in 1929, 8 excavation projects were carried out. During the excavation work of 1999, -발굴터의 유물들 8" many Neolithic Age relics were unearthed. -패총 c.g. 17" Shell heaps are representative of the Neolithic Age. They're formed when inhabitants of one shore settlement move to another place, leaving behind relics. Another group comes and goes, and as they repeat this process, seashells pile up. -칼슘 c.g. 10" These shell heaps contain many animal and human bones. This is because, every time it rains, calcium from the shells drip into the bones, making them stronger. -규산내리고 14" And cilicic acid melts into the land, which has turned alkaline due to shell compoments. This cilicic acid has the effect of varnish on the bones. -박물관 팬 6" Many animal bones are included in the relics from the Dongsam-dong Shell Heap. -동물뼈들 살피는 7" (좀 보다가) The exhibit room houses bones from dozens of species of fish, which are believed to have been part of the daily diet. -혹돔이빨 4" (보다가) -정어리뼈 4" Most of the bones are from fishes we still eat, such as sea breams and sardines, but there are bones of large fishes as well. -강치턱뼈 9" There are bones of sea lions, which equal the size of seals... -음악- -상어척추뼈...상어로 11" There are also shark bones. New Stone Age People hunted sharks as well. -음악- -고래뼈로 팬 18" Then, are there whale bones among them? There is one large bone that stands out among all the bones discovered here. -고래뼈 타이트 7" -독특한 모양의 거대한 뼈.. -고래뼈, 자로 대고 지름 9" This bone has a diameter of 38 centimeters. Does this belong to a whale? -국립수산진흥원 가고 4" We went to the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute to look for an answer -진흥원내부 팬 8" We found out which species the bone belonged to. -고래표본 3" Giant bones covering the entire wall of the exhibit hall... were those of the southern right whale. -해당부분으로 줌인 12" It's one of the biggest in the whale family, weighing some 70 tons. Take one joint out of the whale's thick spinal -발굴뼈 오른쪽으로 7" column, and we have our bone. -고래뼈 12" -(조금 보다가) The giant whale bone we found in the Dongsam-dong Shell Heap is evidence... Neolithic Age people went out to the far seas to hunt whales. -그물추 10" The Shell Heap also contained tools, which appear to have been used for whale hunting. Except for the fact that they were made of stones, they look exactly like present-day net weights. -복원된 그물 10" So, there were nets with weights hanging from the ends... even in those days. -암각화 그물 6" The petroglyph contained drawings of net fishing for whales. -작살 11" Many arrow-like harpoons were unearthed as well... from the Dongsam-dong Shell Heap. -암각화 고래 작살 8" They look exactly the same as the harpoon in the petroglyph drawing. Were they able to catch giant whales -바다그림 4" with these primitive weapons? -노 젓는 원주민들 2" -보다가- -배 풀샷 3 " There are tribes that still catch whales in a -망보는 3" primitive manner. So it's not hard to imagine -멀리보이는 고래 3" that Neolithic Age people did as well. -배안 사람들 2" All they use to catch whales is a harpoon. -고래타이트부터 고래에 작살 꽂는 14" -보다가- -풀그림 4" So whale hunting was possible back in those days. -작살 c.g. 18" They just used stones and bones, instead of metal, to make harpoons. (보다가) -두작살 완성되면 But the harpoons they used for whale hunting, unlike others... seem to have been made from special materials. -흑요석들 15" These, also found in Dongsam-dong, are obsidian. Obsidian is a stone that breaks into thin strips with sharp blades... even at a slight impact. -마지막흑요석 커트 5" Obsidian strips were honed and attached to -c.g.흑요석작살 10" a wooden shaft, to make a combination harpoon. And this is what they used for whale hunting. ---------------------------------------- *박구병 교수 INT Tunas and porpoises have slippery but tough skin. Sharp, coarse blades are need to pierce their skin. The combination harpoons were used to hunt special kinds of animals and fish. -------------------------------------------- -결합식 작살 c.g. 8" Neolithic Age people invented the combination harpoon by understanding the characteristics of the stone and whale. -암각화 그림 부분 13" Their invention was passed onto the Bronze Age, and hence we see whale hunting on the Bangudae Pentroglyph. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 4 - 패총세트 #손으로 가리키며 This is the side shot if a shell heap. This is the layer where shells and various Neolithic Age relics are buried. There's a layer of dust covering them. And other layer of shells and relics, and more layers on top of that. This process is repeated to form a heap, which is why we call this a shell heap. Shell heaps like this provide the most important clues to re-creating the Neolithic Age. This is because shell heaps contain numerous articles used in those days. Another reason why shell heaps are given so much attention to... is that bones of neolithic age humans are preserved almost in their original form. Korean soil is acidic, and for this reason, human bones rot easily. That's why hardly any human bones from the early days of history remain. And even if they're discovered, most of them are partial or damaged. But take a look at this. #패총 걷히면 인골 보인다 Human bones unearthed from shell heaps are not damaged at all. They're in perfect condition. Through these bones, we can not only determine the facial and body structure of Neolithic men, we can also find out details about their lives, such as what diseases they suffered and what kind of work they did. The human bones uncovered from the shell heap in Yondae Island, Tongyoung-kun in 1988, show us a very interesting fact about Neolithic men. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4.선사시대에도 해녀가 있었다! -진주박물관 팬 6" -좀 보다가 The human bones discovered -풀 2" on Yondae Island -수장고문 열리고 인골 가지고 나오고 18" are housed in the National Museum of Jinju. -좀 보다가- They're tucked away in storage most of the time, so as to prevent damage. The bones are estimated to be 4-thousand years old... the oldest human bones from the Neolithic Age. -인골들 팬 10" -좀 보다가- 15 sets of bones were unearthed at the time on Yondae Island. -인골치아 3" They were so well preserved that it's hard to believe they were several thousand years old. -다리 2" -교수 살피는 9" What's more fascinating is that all 15 sets are of different ages and genders. ---------------------- *이 부분 들고있는 TS 17 (* 현장음) "An adult usually has 3 molars. But this one only has 2. The third one grows around the age of 25, but this one doesn't have it." PD- "So he's not a full-grown adult?" "He's still in his youth." --------------------- -아이와 어른 대퇴골 12" -(줌아웃..성인인골 조금 보이면) Then there's also a thighbone much smaller that that of adults... This one appears to be from a newborn of about 10 months of age. -인골 풀 15" As such, human bones allow us to calculate the exact age of the deceased person... They contain various information about him. There's one set of human bones that stands out from the rest. -------- *현장음처럼 김진정 인터뷰 "These are a woman's bones and if you look here, you can see a clear protrusion." PD- "Protrusion?" "This is a bone tumor. This leads to the narrowing of earholes." ------------ -외이도골종 타이트 자막 8" Medically, the phenomenon is referred to as a bone tumor in the external auditory canal. The bone inside the eardrum sticks out, causing the earholes to become smaller. -또다른 인골 외이도골종 17" -(보다가) There are 5 sets of human bones with bone tumors in the external auditory canal. (보다가) In this set, we can also see a protrusion inside the ear fairly clearly. So why does this happen? ------------------------- *김진정 교수 INT 37 (* 현장음) The external auditory canal should be round, but a part of it is blocked. You can say there's an extra bone growing there. It's a protrusion. It can be genetically caused, but it is also believed to be caused by deep sea diving. These people were islanders and they probably had to dive quite a bit. We believe this is what caused the bone tumor. ----------------------------------------- -도로 트래킹 9" The tumor found in the Yondae Island bones... was it really from diving? -앞바다 풀 10" If so, we may find similarities in modern-day professional divers as well. -잠수해녀 16" -부산 동삼동 앞바다- Around 100 women divers work around here. They're seasoned divers who have made their living this way for several decades. -밖으로 나온 해녀들 ( 두컷 9" ) The average time women divers spend under water is 6 hours... -조개류들 19" They pick bivalve like sea urchins, abalones and spiny turban shells. -2,3"호흡 주다가- They're abundant in waters off Dongsam-dong, but they're not easy to pick. -잠수해서 성게 전복 따는 29" -(쬐끔 보다가) Bivalve like abalones and spiny turban shells are found in waters at least 10 meters deep. Not only that, they live in between rocks, so they're hard to find... To pick them, one has to spend a lot of time under water in deep sea. -바닷속 조개 따는 Many women who spent years making their living by diving... show similar symptoms. -망태 2" -흘리고- --------------------- *해녀들 인터뷰 PD- "How do your ears feel when you go under water?" "They hurt as if someone's pulling them." ----------- *또다른 해녀 인터뷰 People who dive in deep sea feel pain in their ears. They don't feel it while they're working, but the deeper you go into water, the more pressure you feel in your ears. Some of them say they have problems with their ears. ------------------------------ -방사선구역 문 1" -흘리고- -ct촬영 모습 6 Maybe women divers also had bone tumors in the external auditory canal. -얼굴 2" We decided to have the ears of 3 divers examined. -화면줌인 외이도골종 발견 15" -(보다가...줌인 끝날즈음) The results were as expected. -(자막 나오면) 2 of the 3 divers had bone tumors in their external auditory canals. -사진 줌인 18" (해녀귀부분 ct사진이란 자막과 동그란 Just like the bones discovered on Yondae Island, 표시) the protrusion of the bone inside the eardrum is clearly visible. The earhole is also very narrow. -일반인과 비교 8" Compared to an ordinary person's ear, the difference is remarkable. --------------------------------- *의사 INT "I don't think the thickening of the eardrum is a common phenomenon found in women divers. I believe it's a physiological phenomenon caused by excessive diving." PD - "From diving?" "Yes, because of the pressure coming in from the outside, the body reacted to protect itself. I believe that's what caused the hardening of the bone." ------------------------------------- -인골귀뼈..5" The mutation of the ear bone found in the Yondai Island Shell Heap... was caused by excessive diving. -ct 5" -전복 소라 16" Dozens of kinds of bivalve were found in the shell heap, and a bulk of them belonged to deep-sea abalones and spiny turban shells. -해녀 12" 1 Women who dive in deep sea to pick abalones and spiny turban shells... -인골 17" Perhaps the owner of these bones spent her life diving in deep sea. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 5 .. 패총세트 So there were divers thousands of years ago, picking bivalve in deep sea. Maybe the human bones found in the Yondae Island Shell Heap... belonged to a woman diver, who inhabited this land in the Neolithic Age. #고개 돌려...분위기 전환 느낌.. One might think of the Neolithic Age as a period when men were only able to catch small fish... and even that... in a very primitive manner. But as you can see, from as early as the Neolithic Age, people dove to pick bivalve, and went out to the far sea, to hunt whales. The tools they used may have been the only difference... setting the Neolithic Age people apart from modern-day fishermen. And these fishing techniques were passed down to the Bronze Age... leaving us with the drawings on the Bangudae Petroglyph. #분위기전환../위와 달리 걷거나 But with the advent of the Bronze Age, humans saw big changes in their lives. They were still hunting and fishing, but agriculture emerges as an important way to make a living. And farming techniques were developed at a fast pace, paving the way for the establishment of farming villages... some 2-thousand years ago. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5.지금과 거의 흡사한 청동기시대 농촌모습 -항공 16" -(아파트 지나가면) Shinchang-dong, Kwangju, is where 2-thousand year-old relics from the early days of farming were uncovered. It's a town located in the northwest of downtown Kwangju. -현장 카메라 걷는 효과 6" -현장에서 투샷 3" Some 2-thousand articles were unearthed here in 1992... and even now, it's not hard to find fresh relics, scattered and buried in surrounding areas. ------------- -손으로 집는 타이트 6"..현장음 살리고 *인터뷰 There's so much buried around here. We've already uncovered 3-thousand containers worth of relics. --------- -광주박물관 외경 3" -흘리고- -창고로 걷는 7" The relics are housed at the National Museum of Kwangju. There's even an exhibit hall -문 열고 내부 10" devoted entirely to the finds from Shinchang-dong. That's how extensive the discovery was. -나무 10" The most notable thing about the Shinchang-dong relics... is that many wooden relics were kept almost in their original form. -낫 꺼내드는 12" Among the wooden relics were sickle handles. It was the first time prehistoric farming tools were discovered. -박물관 복원 낫 7" If you stick a blade into the hole, the sickle looks similar to the ones being used on farms now. -낫으로 벼베는 c.g. 11" 2-thousand years ago, men used sickles to harvest rice. -쇠스랑형 목제괭이 실사 3" Other farming tools found in Shinchang-dong also surprised the excavation team. -c.g.복원 8" -보고...음악- -목제괭이 실사 1" -보고..음악- Most of the relics bore strong resemblance to farming tools -c.g.복원 7" used up until recent years. -절구공이 실사 1" -음악..흘리기- -c.g.복원 7" -현장조사 3" How large was the scale of farming that they used such advanced tools? -왕겨층 사진 8"(155센티 자막) -(보다가) It wasn't too difficult to find the answer. -155센티미터 타이트 사진 7" At the site, the excavation team also found a layer of rice hulls, 155 centimeters thick. It's the only such find in the world. -왕겨줌인 9" There's no doubt about what they are. People back then... were already farming rice on a large scale. -보존실 투샷 4" -신발골 12" Then how was their lifestyle? This piece, carved out of wood, is a last, which was used to make shoes 2-thousand years ago. -신발 꿰매는 7" We actually tried to make shoes, using the last found in Shinchang-dong. -신발골 넣고 두드리는 10" When the material started looking like a shoe, we put the last in... and worked on its size and shape. ---------------- 현장음 처럼 좀 듣고 "이렇게 골을 박아서 신발의 형태가 나옵니다." ----------------- -완성되 신발 6" 2-thouand years ago, people were already able to make leather shoes, using a last. -베틀도구 16" Also uncovered from Shinchang-dong... were relics that shed light to the clothes people wore back in those days. This is a loom used to weave fabric. --------------------- -두사람 베틀도구 보는 현장음 "Here you see traces of weaving..." ------------------------ -실자국 타이트 10" There are clear thread marks on the loom. People used a loom to weave fabric... from as early as 2-thousand years ago. -베...15" The numerous relics found in Shinchang-dong show... the farm life 2-thousand years ago... was not much different from the farm life we know. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 6..실내 기본세트에 신창동의 소스들 걸고 How did you imagine people looked like 2-thousand years ago? Was this the picture that came to your mind? #원시인 옷차림 등장하고.. Their bodies partially covered... by animal hide. But judging from the Kwangju Shinchang-dong relics, the people 2-thousand years ago... did not look as primitive as this. # 원시인 옷차림 바뀌고.(스튜디오 6에 나왔던 소스임) They wore hemp clothes and leather shoes like this, and they farmed rice on a large scale... using tools similar to today's. #옷 사라지고 시선 바꾸고 Their advanced farming techniques... brought stability and prosperity to their lives. And these, in turn, brought more social changes. One proof of those changes... is the dolmen. We can't talk about the prehistoric times on the Korean Peninsula, without bringing up the subject of dolmens. This is because there's an unusually high number of dolmens here. The ones that we know of so far... already amount to some 40-thousand. 40% of the world's dolmens are concentrated on the Korean Peninsula. Why are there so many dolmens in this country? What do these dolmens represent? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6.고인돌왕국 한반도!...청동기시대 이 땅은 번성한 땅이었다. -고인돌 트래킹..매산마을 10" (좀 보다가) The rocks lined up in the fields. They look like ordinary rocks... but they're all dolmens. -고창마을 풀 3" -보고- -고인돌 4" Heavy top stones and smaller ones supporting them... are perfectly in place, -고인돌 3" just as when they were built thousands of years ago. -고인돌 풀팬 11" -조금 보다가- The dolmens scattered around this village top 440. -고인돌 4" With various shapes of dolmens clustered around here, one may mistake the place for an exhibit of prehistoric relics. -고인돌 4" -보고- -고인돌 4" These structures from thousands of years ago, have always been around us. -고인돌 돌아..아래 보이는 12" But up until a hundred years ago, people were only interested in the shape and size of dolmens They didn't know dolmens were actually graves -흘리고- -고인돌 실내 13" It was only when human bones and burial accessories were found, that they realized these giant dolmens were graves. -제천찾아가는 헬기 2" Then what kind of people were buried in dolmens? -위에서 보이는 고인돌무덤들 7" Hwangsok-ri in Jechon, North Choongchung Province is now under water, because of the Choongju reservoir. But one of the dolmens -인골줌아웃 5" that used to be here... contained bones of a man in his thirties. -대구로 차 트래킹 5" Human bones were found in dolmens in Daegu as well. -투샷 8" There are no traces of the dolmens now, but there were human bones in the dolmens found here ------ *인터뷰 We found 11 teeth where the head is believed to have been laid. Among them, 5 were in relatively good condition. The tooth enamel was fairly well preserved. Judging from the narrow teeth structure, we believe they came from a woman of about 20 years of age. --- -c.g. 무덤방 2개 여자 나타나고 3" At the time of discovery, there were 2 burial chambers. One of them contained the bones of a women in her 20's... -아이 나타나고 8" and the other... bones of a child. -고창무덤군 풀 줌인 21" Dolmens were burial sites from ordinary people back in those days. So we can conclude that the more dolmens in one area, the more populated that area was. -한반도 지도 25" These dolmens are found across the Korean Peninsula... most of them in groups of dozens... and even hundreds. This means., during the Bronze Age, when dolmens came into existence, many people had already formed villages and lived on the Peninsula. -북한 차 트래킹 8" One of the places where dolmens are heavily concentrated is North Korea's Pyongyang area. -문흥리 고인돌들 4" Currently there are 14-thousand dolmens scattered around the North Korean capital. -전문가와함께 투샷 8" -보다가- But the dolmens around Pyongyang are shaped differently from those in the south. -문흥리 1호 고인돌 풀샷 3" Moonheung-ri Dolmen Number 1 looks like a table. -덮개돌 팬 10" -보다가..덮개돌 끝날즈음 멘트 시작- The heavy top stone -고임돌 5" is held in place by 2 thin stones. -문흥리3호고인돌 풀 4" -문흥리3호고인돌 다리부분만 18" 10 human finger bones were found in Moonheung-ri Dolmen Number 3... The top stone is no longer there... but the supporting stones are quite tall. This dolmen also takes the shape of a table. -북방식고인돌 c.g. 다리 박히고5" The dolmens found on the Korean Peninsula break into 2 types. -돌 얹히고 14" The ones found in northern regions are shaped like a table, with two long supporting stones holding up one large top stone. -무덤방 생기고 13" With northern-style dolmens, bodies of the dead are laid on the ground, whereas with others, the ground is dug out to create burial chambers. -돌 얹히고 16" This style is called open-rock. Dolmens like this are mostly seen in southern regions. -무덤방 생기고 7" Then, there are dolmens with burial chambers covered by supporting stones and again, by top stones. This is called the checkered style. It's also seen mostly in the south. -프랑스 까르냑지역 풀 팬 6" There's no place in the world, where dolmens of different types are seen in one place. -타이트상태 지도 6" 500 kilometers west of the French capital, Paris.. is a region called Cargnac. -선돌들 10" This place is also filled with various structures built in the Stone Age. -팬하면 고인돌 6" Of all the structures, however, there is only one dolmen. -고인돌 틸다운 5" (보고) In terms of number and shape., it's far behind -고인돌 풀 3" the dolmens in Korea. -인도 고인돌 4" Other dolmens can be found in Asia.. -말레이시아 고인돌 6" But the dolmens here are also much smaller and more simple in shape. -운곡리고인돌 자로 재고 18" (자막..고창 운곡리 고인돌..한국최대 고인돌 무게 200톤) As such, the Korean Peninsula boasts different types of dolmens. But their existence doesn't just mean there were more people living here. (1-2"호흡...그리고 바로) This dolmen in Woongok-ri, Kochang... -자 타이트 3" is 3.9 meters high, and weighs 200 tons. -아랫부분 팬 10" How did they build such a huge structure? Its building process gives us an idea about the social system at the time. -쐐기 박고 5" To make a dolmen, one has to first detach a stone from an even larger one. -물붓고 8" After drilling a hole in the stone, sticking a wooden wedge in it, and pouring water... -쪼개지고 5" the wood expands and eventually breaks the huge stone into pieces. -고임돌 박히고 6" Then how did they lift the heavy top stone so high? -땅 올라오고 3" They erected the supporting stones first, and then built small dirt hills around them. -덮개돌 올리고 3" The dirt hills allowed them to lift the top stone -흙 제거하고 12" more easily. People invented an easier way to move the heavy top stone to such height. -대형고인돌들 22" But, no matter how clever they were, it took a great deal of manpower to move and lift stones... some of them weighing hundreds of tons. To mobilize enough manpower to do this, there must have been people in power. That is, even in those days, there were rulers. -널려있는 고인돌들 8" The dolmens that we frequently come across... tell us what kind of place the Korean Peninsula was in the Bronze Age. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 스튜디오 7...야외 기본세트.. The existence of dolmens means there was a power structure back in those days. In other words, there was a community with classes and rules. The presence of tens of thousands of dolmens around the country... shows us what kind of place the Peninsula was in the prehistoric age. The Korean Peninsula in the prehistoric age... was the land of prosperity... where people formed societies and maintained order. #분위기 바꿔서..시선 바꾸거나...커트 바꾸거나등의 방법.. The first time this land became home to humans... was several million years ago, in the Paleolithic Age. Moving into the Neolithic Age and then to the Bronze Age, people achieved economic prosperity... and created a culture of their own. And on the basis of that... countries emerged on the Korean Peninsula... and history started to be recorded. The prehistoric age... what we simply thought of... as primitive society... was the very start of history on the Korean Peninsula. ----------------------------------------------------------------