스크랩 영어의 notice의 어원,우리말 신체 눈의 발음변천과 인도 드라비다어 와의 관계,看 볼,간 한자발음은 드라비다어에서 온다.

[김판우]

눈 

몽골어 눈(eye) нүд 누트

드라비다어 nod-,not-,nok-

영어 notice 눈치채--->어원

눝-->눋-->눌-->눈 (순우리말 발음)

모음의 변화는 유동적이다.

몽골어도 말이 거의 변하지 않았지만 우리말은 변화가 심했다.

고대엔 not으로 발음하였을때 건너간 것으로 보인다.

Proto-Dravidian : *nō-

Meaning : view, to notice, eye

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *ʔVnjV

Meaning: to see, eye

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ney- 'to shine, sparkle; to see' [Blazhek proposes IIr. *vain- 'see'?]

Altaic: *ni̯ā̀

 

Proto-Altaic: *ni̯ā̀

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Turkic: *jāĺ 'tear'

 

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tear

Russian meaning: слеза

Old Turkic: jaš (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaš (MK)

Turkish: jaš

Tatar: jɛš

Middle Turkic: jaš (AH, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jɔš

Uighur: jaš

Sary-Yughur: jas

Azerbaidzhan: jaš

Turkmen: jāš

Khakassian: čas

Oyrat: d́aš

Halaj: jāš

Chuvash: koś-śol

Tuva: čaš

Kirghiz: ǯaš

Kazakh: žas

Noghai: jas

Bashkir: jäš

Karaim: jaš

Karakalpak: žas

Salar: jaš

Kumyk: jaš

Comments: VEWT 192, EDT 975-976, Ашм. VII, 32, ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163 (because of external evidence should be distinguished both from *jāl' 'age' and *jāl' 'fresh, green').

Mongolian: *nidü

 

Proto-Mongolian: *nidü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Written Mongolian: nidü(n) (L 578)

Middle Mongolian: nidun (HY 45, SH), neidun (IM), nidun (MA)

Khalkha: nüd

Buriat: ńüde(n)

Kalmuck: nüdṇ

Ordos: nüdü(n)

Dongxian: nuduŋ, -n

Baoan: nedoŋ

Dagur: nide (MD 199, Тод. Даг. 157), nid (Тод. Даг. 157)

Shary-Yoghur: nudun

Monguor: nudu (SM 287)

Mogol: nüdün; ZM nodun (2-3a)

Comments: KW 282, MGCD 520.

Tungus-Manchu: *ńia-sa

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńia-sa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Evenki: ē̂sa

Even: ǟsъ̣l

Negidal: ē̂sa

Spoken Manchu: jasǝ (10)

Literary Manchu: jasa

Jurchen: ŋia-ĉi (496)

Ulcha: ịsal(ị)

Orok: isal

Nanai: nasal, dial. ńisal(a), ịsal, ŋasar

Oroch: isa

Udighe: jehä

Solon: īsal

Comments: ТМС 1, 291-292. The Nan. and Jurch. forms unmistakeably point to an initial nasal, lost in other languages in the exceptional position before the diphthong *iā. Other traces of initial nasal can be seen in: Man. ńońo 'pupil of the eye', Neg. ńuińaki 'eyebrow', Evn. ńȫŋeti 'one-eyed' (pointing perhaps to a derivative *ńiā-ŋu- with later assimilations > *ńūŋu- ~ *ńūńu-).

Korean: *nún

 

Proto-Korean: *nún

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Modern Korean: nun

Middle Korean: nún

Comments: Nam 115, KED 359.

Japanese: *mài(N), *mì-

 

Proto-Japanese: *mài(N), *mì-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 eye 2 to see

Russian meaning: 1 глаз 2 видеть

Old Japanese: me 1, mji- 2

Middle Japanese: mè 1, mì- 2

Tokyo: mé 1, mí- 2

Kyoto: mèe 1, mì- 2

Kagoshima: mé 1, mí- 2

Nase: mɨ́ 1, mj- 2

Shuri: mī́ 1, n̄ǯ- 2

Hateruma: mìŃ 1, mì- 2

Yonakuni: mī̀ 1, nn- 2

Comments: JLTT 474, 724. Nasal -N can be reconstructed on the basis of Hateruma (Ryukyu) mìŃ - although one cannot exclude that this is a later addition.

Comments: EAS 77, Poppe 39, Menges 1984, 281, Street 1980, 300-301, АПиПЯЯ 30-31, 78, 87, 275. For the Turkic form cf. Mong. *ni-l-mu-sun (KW 281; Владимирцов 146), ТМ *(i)ńa-mū-, MKor. nún-mɨ́r, PJ *na-mi(n)tV 'tear' < PA *ńi̯ā(ĺ)-mi̯ūri 'water of the eye'. PT irregularly preserves length here: it is probably due to the influence of other homophonic and synonymic roots. Jpn. *m- here deserves special comment. It is a usual reflex of *ń- or *ŋi̯-, but none can be safely reconstructed here (not *ń- because of Mong. ni-dün, not *ŋi̯- because of TM *ńia-sa). One may note, however, that Jpn. has n- in *na-mi(n)tV 'tear', and perhaps also in the old deverbative OJ niram- (also *nia-m- > nem-) 'to glare at, keep an eye on' = Kor. nori- 'to have an eye upon' = TM *ńia-ru- 'to stare' (ТМС 1, 291) = Karakh. jeze- (EDT 985, TMN 4, 163) 'to patrol, keep an eye on' < PA *ni̯ā-ŕV. One can also pay attention to the nasal suffix present in Kor. nu-n and Jpn. *mai(N); it may suggest that we are actually dealing with reflexes of an archaic suffixed form *ni̯a-ŋ(V), the velar in which also can account for some unexpected TM forms: Jurch. ŋia-ĉi and Nan. dial. ŋasar ( < *ŋia-sa < *ńiaŋ-sa). Japanese may have had a similar assimilation (*ma-iN < *ŋi̯a-ŋ < *ni̯a-ŋ), while the suffixless form is preserved in a compound (*na-mi(n)ta < *ni̯a) and a derived verb (niram-). Cf. also KBalk. ǯalamuq 'tear' (probably < Bulg., reflecting a trace of the original compound in PTurk.). Traces of *-ĺ- in some forms (Turk. *jāĺ, Mong. *nil-mu-sun) may reflect a distinct root, preserved in Mong. *naliqa 'wing-like membrane, corner of the eye', as well as nilma / milma 'pupil of the eye'.

Uralic: ?? *wanV 'sehen, schauen' (?+ Sam. *ńo- in ND 1629)

Kartvelian: Georg. naχ- to see, find

Dravidian: *nō-; ?*nā- 'to open one's eyes' (PKG 814); or *uṇṇ- 'to think, look' (727)

Eskimo-Aleut: *niŋǝ-(t-)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'nǝju- 'guard'

Comments: (PU *wanV = PD *uṇṇ = Nivkh. *waŋ- 'search; eye')

References: ND 138 *ʡoyn̄V (compares rather Mong. ojun 'mind' and distinguishes between *ʡoyn̄V and *ń[e]χa); 1631 *ń[e]χa 'to see', partially also 1629 *ńo(ʕ)wV 'to hunt, pursue'. A lot of confusion that has to be sorted out. [For Mong. *ojun cf. PU *wOjV 'see, find etc.' ?]

Proto-South Dravidian: *nōḍ-, *nōṭ-, *nōk-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *nōḍ-, *nōṭ-, *nōk-

Meaning : to look at, examine

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nōṭṭam

Tamil meaning : examination of coins, assaying, scrutiny of gems, precious metals, etc., value, criticism as by a rival artist or workman, attempt at wit, endeavour to excel, hinder or baffle another in speech

Tamil derivates : nōkku (nōkki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider, reflect, regard, pay attention to, arrange, put in order, keep, protect, save, do, perform, resemble, compare, read, desire; n. eye, sight, look, beauty, meaning, intention, knowledge, greatness, mode, style; nōkkam eye, eyesight, look, gaze, glance, view, aspects of a planet, appearance, expression‎, cast of countenance, beauty, attractiveness, watch, design, object, intention, aim, sense, intelligence, attention, observation, desire, indication, sign

Malayalam : nōṭṭam

Malayalam meaning : viewing, examination, experienced eye, sharp sight, shroffage, fortune-telling

Malayalam derivates : nōkkuka to look at, view, observe, look after, examine, be in a certain direction, seek, consider, regard, intend; nōkkam view, beauty, eye; nōkkal a look; nōkku look, watchfulness, sight, beauty

Kannada : nōḍu

Kannada meaning : to look, look on, look at, view, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see

Kannada derivates : nōḍuvike looking, etc.; nōḍisu to cause to look; nōṭa looking at or on, viewing, beholding, seeing, examination, a sight, spectacle, sight, the power of seeing, a look, appearance; nōṭaka a looker-on, spectator, eyewitness

Kodagu : nōṭ- (nōṭi-)

Kodagu meaning : to look at

Tulu : nōṭa

Tulu meaning : sight, view, vision, aim

Tulu derivates : nōḍaḍruni, nōḍāvuni to point at, show; nūṭāvuni to show

Proto-Nilgiri : *nōṭ-

Notes : The root apparently had both the voiced-auslaut and the voiceless-auslaut variants in PDR. As for Tamil nōkkam, etc., these forms either constitute a separate root or can go back to PDR *nōṭ-k-.

Number in DED : 3794

볼,간 看

Proto-Dravidian : *kāṇ-

Meaning : to see

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāṇ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kāṇ-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kāṇ (kāṇp-, kaṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to see, consider, investigate, appear, become visible; n. sight, beauty

Tamil derivates : kāṇkai knowledge; kāṇpu seeing, sight; kāṭci sight, vision of a deity, view, appearance; kāṇikkai voluntary offering, gift to a temple, church, guru or other great person; kāṭṭu (kāṭṭi-) to show; n. showing; kaṇṇu (kaṇṇi-) to purpose, think, consider; kaṇ-kāṭci gratifying spectacle, exhibition, object of curiosity

Malayalam : kāṇuka

Malayalam meaning : to see, observe, consider, seem

Malayalam derivates : kāṇi visitor, spectator; kāṇikka to show, point out; n. offering, present; kāṭṭuka to show, exhibit; kāẓca, kāẓma eyesight, offering, show, spectacle

Kannada : kāṇ (kaṇḍ-)

Kannada meaning : to see, appear; n. seeing, appearing

Kannada derivates : kāṇike, kāṇke sight, vision, present, gift; kāṇuvike seeing, appearing; kāṇisu to show, show oneself, appear; kaṇi sight, spectacle, ominous sight, divination

Kodagu : kāṇ- (kāmb-, kaṇḍ-)

Kodagu meaning : to see; seem, look (so-and-so)

Kodagu derivates : kāṭ- (kāṭi-) to show

Tulu : kāṇụsāvuni, kāṇisāvuni

Tulu meaning : to show, represent, mention

Tulu derivates : kāṇikè, kāṇigè present to a superior

Proto-Nilgiri : *kāṇ-

Notes : Kannada kaṇi and Tamil forms with short -a- may be due to the short vowel in *kaṇ 'eye'.

Number in DED : 1443

Proto-Telugu : *kān-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kān-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kanu (allomorph kān-)

Dialectal forms (1) : kāncu

Additional forms : Also kānupu seeing, sight; kānipincu to appear, seem; show; kānuka gift offered to a superior, present, tribute; kaṇṭãbaḍu to appear, be seen, come in view; kanukali seeing, sight

Number in DED : 1443

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kanḍ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kanḍ-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kanḍt, kanḍakt "seen, visible"

Naikri : kank er- "to appear"

Parji : kanḍp- (kanḍt-) "to look for, seek"

Ollari Gadba : kanḍp- (kanḍt-) "to search"

Number in DED : 1443

Proto-North Dravidian : *qan-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qan-

Meaning : to be pleasant to the eye, be of good effect, suit well

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xannā

Number in DED : 1443

Brahui : xan-ing

Notes : Actually, while the root itself represents the famous example of the PDR morphological *a/*ā gradation (cf. *kaṇ- 'eye'), the North Dravidian and Brahui forms are probably derived of the noun itself, as there is no vowel length evident