<div class="view_head" style="margin: 0px; padding: 30px 20px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(86, 86, 86); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); overflow: hidden; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', 돋움, Dotum, 굴림, Roboto, Gulim, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; line-height: 16px;"><h2 class="tit" style="margin: 0px 120px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 22px; line-height: 27px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">Human Capital Development in the People’s Republic of China and India: Achievements, Prospects, and Policy Challenges</h2><ul class="viewinfo_list" style="margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style-type: none; overflow: hidden;"><li style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 12px; padding-bottom: 0px; border: 0px; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; padding-left: 0px !important; background: none !important;">저자 : ADB</li><li style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 12px; border: 0px; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; background: url("/images/contents/bg_prev.gif") 0px 2px no-repeat;">출처 : ADB</li><li class="clear" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 12px; border: 0px; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; background: url("/images/contents/bg_prev.gif") 0px 2px no-repeat;">등록일 : 2016.01.08</li><li style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 12px; border: 0px; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; background: url("/images/contents/bg_prev.gif") 0px 2px no-repeat;">조회수 : 179</li></ul><div class="btn_area" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 25px;"><a href="http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/178614/human-capital-prc-india.pdf" target="_blank" title="새창열림" class="btn_vieworiginal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; border: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; width: 58px; height: 28px; display: inline-block; font-weight: 600; line-height: 28px; vertical-align: middle; background: url("/images/board/bg_original.gif") 14px 7px no-repeat rgb(129, 129, 129);">원문링크</a> <a href="http://csf.kiep.go.kr/studyReport/M003010000/view.do?articleId=16592&page=36&searchKey=&searchString=&searchCategory=#" class="btn_sns" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 12px; width: 34px; height: 28px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; background: url("/images/board/bg_share.gif") 0px 0px no-repeat;"><span class="blind" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; text-indent: -9999px; position: absolute; left: -9999px;"></span></a></div></div><div class="editer_wrap" style="margin: 0px 0px -1px; padding: 40px 30px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; letter-spacing: -0.08px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', 돋움, Dotum, 굴림, Roboto, Gulim, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;">Abstract</p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;"> </p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;">This report analyzes human capital development and its future prospects in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and India. It highlights the related differences and achievements in the two countries and investigates the role of human capital development in their economic growth.<br>The world has witnessed the remarkable economic growth of the PRC and India, two demographic giants, in the past decades. The strong and sustained output growth of the PRC in the past 35 years has driven the unprecedented transformation of a rural, command economy into a global economic superpower. Having made the transition from an upper-middle-income economy to one of high-income status, the PRC is now striving to develop more technologically sophisticated industries. Economic growth in India began to accelerate dramatically once economic reforms and open-trade policies were initiated in the early 1990s. The economic miracle witnessed in the PRC as well as India is attributed to the expansion and effective utilization of their abundant human resources, in addition to market reform and outward-oriented policies. </p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">Contents</strong></p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;"> </p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;">Foreword<br>Acknowledgments<br>Abbreviations<br>Executive Summary<br>I. Overview 1<br>A. Objective and Scope 1<br>B. Organization of the Report 2<br>C. Background and Motivation 3<br>II. Human Capital Development, Achievements, and Gaps 10<br>A. Literacy, School Enrollments, and Educational Attainment 10<br>B. Disparities in Educational Achievements and Opportunities 14<br>C. Quality of Education 19<br>D. Employability and Skills Development 28<br>E. Challenges to Quality Employment and Inclusive Growth 33<br>F. Rates of Return to Schooling and Wage Structure 39<br>III. Human Development and Economic Growth 46<br>A. Impacts of Human Development on Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence 46<br>B. Growth Accounting 48<br>C. Role of Human Capital in Technological Progress 51<br>D. Labor Reallocation, Structural Transformation, and Growth 54<br>IV. Labor Supply and Education: Prospects and Challenges 60<br>A. Labor Supply 60<br>B. Labor Force Participation 62<br>C. Projections of Educational Attainment by Gender and Level 68<br>D. Demand and Supply of Workers 69<br>V. Skill Upgrading and Wage Inequality: A Microdata Analysis 72<br>A. Data and Empirical Methodology 73<br>B. Results from the Analysis of Microdata from the People’s Republic of China 74<br>C. Results from the Analysis of Indian Microdata 85<br>VI. Policy Challenges and Recommendations for Human Capital Development 100<br>A. Reducing Disparities in Accessibility and Improving Quality of Education 100<br>B. Skills Development 106<br>C. Employment and Labor Markets 112<br>D. Conclusion 114<br>References 118</p><p align="justify" style="border: 0px; text-align: justify;"> </p></div><div class="attachments" style="margin: 0px; padding: 20px 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', 돋움, Dotum, 굴림, Roboto, Gulim, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><dl style="margin: -13px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><dt style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; float: left; width: 91px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-align: center; background: url("/images/contents/bg_prev.gif") 100% 3px no-repeat;">첨부파일</dt><dd style="margin: 13px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 111px; border: 0px;"><div class="uploadFormArea" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><a target="_blank" href="http://csf.kiep.go.kr/file/download.do?fileId=6864" class="file" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 25px; border: 0px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-size: 14px; display: inline-block; height: 14px; background: url("/images/board/bg_attachments.png") 0px 0px no-repeat;">Human Capital Development in the People’s Republic of China and India- Achievements, Prospects, and Policy Challenges.pdf</a></div></dd></dl></div><p><br></p>
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