스크랩 세계의 십일조와 한국의 십일조의 비교...

[종이로다]

Austria

Church tax is compulsory in Austria and Catholics can be sued by the Church for not paying it. Anyone who wants to stop paying it has to declare in writing, at their local municipal council, that they are leaving the Church. They are then crossed off the Church registers and can no longer receive the sacraments. The tax amounts to about 1% of the income.

오스트리아 - 국가에서 걷는 세금형태(교회세)로 자기 수입의 1%만 냄.

Denmark

All members of the Church of Denmark pay a church tax, which varies between municipalities. The tax is generally around 1% of the taxable income.

덴마크 - 시에 따라 차이가 조금 있지만, 국가에서 걷는 세금형태(교회세)로 1%만 냄.

England

The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by King Ethelwulf in 855. The Saladin tithe was a royal tax, but assessed using ecclesiastical boundaries, in 1188. Tithes were given legal force by the Statute of Westminster of 1285. Adam Smith criticised the system in The Wealth of Nations (1776), arguing that a fixed rent would encourage peasants to farm more efficiently. The Dissolution of the Monasteries led to the transfer of many tithe rights from the Church to secular landowners, and then in the 1530s to the Crown. The system ended with the Tithe Commutation Act 1836, which replaced tithes with a rent charge decided by a Tithe Commission. The records of land ownership, or Tithe Files, made by the Commission are now a valuable resource for historians.

The rent charges paid to landowners were converted by the Tithe Commutation Act to annuities paid to the state through the Tithe Redemption Commission. The payments were transferred in 1960 to the Board of Inland Revenue, and finally terminated by the Finance Act 1977.

영국 - 1977년 마침내 폐지됨.

Finland

Members of certain churches pay a church tax of between 1% and 2.25%, depending on the municipality.

핀란드 - 시에 따라 다르지만. 세금형태(교회세)로 1%~2.25% 냄.

France

In France, the tithes -- called "la dîme" -- were a land tax. Originally a voluntary tax, in 1585 the "dîme" became mandatory. In principle, unlike the taille, the "dîme" was levied on both noble and non-noble lands. The dîme was divided into a number of types, including the "grosses dîmes" (grains, wine, hay), "menues" or "vertes dîmes" (vegetables, poultry), "dîmes de charnage" (veal, lamb, pork). Although the term "dîme" comes from the Latin decima [pars] ("one tenth", same origin for U.S. coin dime), the "dîme" rarely reached this percentage and (on the whole) it was closer to 1/13th of the agricultural production.

The "dîme" was originally meant to support the local parish, but by the 16th century many "dîmes" went directly to distant abbeys, monasteries, and bishops, leaving the local parish impoverished, and this contributed to general resentment. In the Middle Ages, some monasteries also offered the "dîme" in homage to local lords in exchange for their protection (see Feudalism) (these are called "dîmes inféodées"), but this practice was forbidden by the Lateran Council of 1179.

프랑스 - 라테란 공의회에 의해 1179년 금지됨.

Germany

Germany levies a church tax, on all persons declaring themselves to be Christians, of roughly 8-9% of the income tax, which is effectively (very much depending on the social and financial situation) typically between 0.2% and 1.5% of the total income. The proceeds are shared amongst Catholic, Lutheran, and other Protestant Churches. In 1933 Hitler had the entry "church tax" added to the official tax card, which meant that the tax could now be deducted by the employer like any of the other taxes.

Church tax (Kirchensteuer) is compulsory in Germany for those confessing members of a particular religious group. It is deducted at the PAYE level. The duty to pay this tax theoretically starts on the day one is christened. Anyone who wants to stop paying it has to declare in writing, at their local court of law (Amtsgericht) or registry office, that they are leaving the Church. They are then crossed off the Church registers and can no longer receive the sacraments.

독일 - 세금형태(교회세)로 <소득세>의 대략 8-9%, <자신의 수입>의 0.2-1.5%만 냄.

 

Ireland
Tithes were introduced after the Norman conquest of 1169-1172, and were specified in the papal bull Laudabiliter as a duty to: ...pay yearly from every house the pension of one penny to St Peter, and to keep and preserve the rights of the churches in that land whole and inviolate. However, collection outside the Norman area of control was sporadic.

From the Reformation in the 1500s, most Irish people chose to remain Roman Catholic and had by now to pay tithes valued at about 10% of an area's agricultural produce, to maintain and fund the established state church, the Anglican Church of Ireland, to which only a small minority of the population converted. Irish Presbyterians and other minorities like the Quakers and Jews were in the same situation.

The collection of tithes was violently resisted in the period 1831-36, known as the Tithe War. Thereafter, tithes were reduced and added to rents. With the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869, tithes were abolished.

아일랜드 - 1869년 폐지됨.

Italy
Under this law Italian taxpayers are able to declare that 0.8% ('eight per thousand') of their taxes go to a religious confession or, alternatively, to a social assistance scheme run by the Italian State. This declaration is made on the IRPEF form. People are not required to declare a recipient; in that case the law stipulates that this undeclared amount be distributed among the normal recipients of such taxes in proportion to what they have already received from explicit declarations. Only the Catholic Church and the Italian State have agreed to take this undeclared portion of the tax.
The tax was divided up as follows:

87.17% Catholic Church
10.35% Italian State
1.21% Waldenses
0.46% Jewish Communities
0.32% Lutherans
0.28% Adventists of the Seventh Day
0.21% Assemblies of God in Italy
In 2000 the Catholic Church raised almost a billion euros, while the Italian State received about 100 million euros.

이탈리아 - 세금형태로 0.8% 받아 그것을 위의 비율대로 카톨릭교회, 이탈리아정부 등이 나눔.

Scotland

In Scotland teinds were the tenths of certain produce of the land appropriated to the maintenance of the Church and clergy. At the Reformation most of the Church property was acquired by the Crown, nobles and landowners. In 1567 the Privy Council of Scotland provided that a third of the revenues of lands should be applied to paying the clergy of the reformed Church of Scotland. In 1925 the system was recast by statute and provision was made for the standardisation of stipends at a fixed value in money. The Court of Session acted as the Teind Court. Teinds were finally abolished by the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.
(참고: 영어의 십일조Tithes 를 스코트랜드말로는 Teinds라고 부릅니다)

스코틀랜드 - 2000년 폐지됨.

Spain and Latin America
Both the tithe (diezmo), a tax of 10% on all agricultural production, and "first fruits" (primicias), an additional harvest tax, were collected in Spain throughout the medieval!! and early modern periods for the support of local Catholic parishes. The tithe crossed the Atlantic with the Spanish Empire; however, the Indians who made up the vast majority of the population in colonial Spanish America were exempted from paying tithes on native crops such as corn and potatoes that they raised for their own subsistence. After some debate, Indians in colonial Spanish America were forced to pay tithes on their production of European agricultural products, including wheat, silk, cows, pigs, and sheep. The tithe was abolished in several Latin American countries, including Mexico, soon after independence from Spain (which started in 1810); others, including Argentina and Peru still collect tithes today for the support of the Catholic Church. The tithe was abolished in Spain itself in 1841.

스페인 - 1841년 폐지됨.

멕시코를 비롯한 라틴아메리카 여러 국가에선 폐지. 아르헨티나와 페루는 가톨릭교회의 유지를 위해 아직 존속.

Sweden

Until the year 2000, Sweden had a mandatory church tax to be paid if one did belong to the Church of Sweden which had been funneling about $500 million annually to the church. Due to change in legislation, the tax was withdrawn in year 2000. However, the Swedish government has agreed to continue collecting from individual taxpayers the annual payment that has always gone to the church. But now the tax will be an optional checkoff box on the tax return. The government will allocate the money collected to Catholic, Muslim, Jewish and other faiths as well as the Lutherans, with each taxpayer directing where his or her taxes should go.

스웨덴 - 세금형태(교회세)였으나 2000년에 공식적으로는 폐지되었고 그 후엔 개인적으로 교회에 내는 건 가능.

Switzerland
There is no official state church in Switzerland; however, all the 26 cantons (states) financially support at least one of the three traditional denominations--Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, or Protestant--with funds collected through taxation. Each canton has its own regulations regarding the relationship between church and state. In some cantons, the church tax (up to 2.3%) is voluntary but in others an individual who chooses not to contribute to church tax may formally have to leave the church. In some cantons private companies are unable to avoid payment of the church tax.

스위스 - 공식적으로 십일조를 걷는 곳은 없고, 일부 주에서 2.3%까지 세금형태(교회세)로 거둠.

United States
The United States has never collected a church tax or mandatory tithe on its citizens, under the principle of separation of church and state. The United States and its governmental subdivisions also exempt most churches from payment of income tax (under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state statutes, which also allows donors to claim the donations as an income tax itemized deduction).

 

Also, churches may be permitted exemption from other state and local taxes such as sales and property taxes, either in whole or in part. However, churches are required to withhold Federal and state income tax from their employees along with the employee's share of Social Security and Medicare taxes, and pay the employer's share of the latter two taxes, unless the employee is an ordained minister.

미국 - 종교와 정치의 분리원칙하에 결코 교회세와 강제적인 십일조를 걷지 않음.

*참고 : 여기서 '국가에서 걷는 세금 형태(종교세)'란?

'독일교회는 십일조가 폐지된 후 이를 대체하는 제도로 교회세가 등장하였습니다.
이것은 일종의 종교세라고 할 수 있습니다.
오늘날 교회세는 교인들에 의해 납부되는 세금의 형식으로 국가에서 징수하여 교인수에
따라 교회(개신교와 카톨릭)에 분배하고 있습니다.

(그리고 위에서 살펴보았듯이 이 종교세는 보통 자기 수입의 0.8%~2.5% 밖에 되지 않습니다..)

종교세 의무는 신자가 교회에 등록한 달부터 지게 되며,
이 의무는 죽거나 국가적 규정에 따른 유효한 교회 탈퇴 선언 이후에 해제됩니다.
간단히 말해서 교인수에 비례하여 국가에서 공평하게 분배한다는 이야기입니다.

 

 끝으로, 그럼 한국교회의 경우는 어떨까요???

 

위에서 보는 바와 같이, 지구상의 모든 나라중에서 한국이 십일조가 엄청나게 눈부시게 발전한 나라죠..

또한 서로간에 이단 논쟁을 하며 으르렁거리는 모든 교파가 이 십일조교리(?)에 대해서만큼은 완벽하게 의견일치를 보고 있는 것도 참 신기한 현상이죠^^

 

현재 성도의 소득의 10%가 십일조로 되어있는(아직 십일조가 폐지되지 않은 다른 나라에 비해서도 정말 엄청나게 높습니다)것도 엄청난데, 사실 웬만한 믿음있는(?) 성도라면 십일조 외에 이런저런 수십가지 헌금으로(지구상에서 한국밖에는 없는 독특한 헌금제도이지요..^^)내는 것까지 합하면 아마 십이조, 심지어는 십삼조까지 내는 성도도 적지 않을듯 합니다.

 

*참고로, 현대인에 맞춘 십일조의 세부지침도 엄청나게 복잡한데요..

그 내용을 간단히 정리해 올리니..여러분의 십일조 생활에 참조하시기 바랍니다..^^

(여의도 순복음교회 조용기 목사님 저서인 <목사님, 십일조는 어떻게 드려야 할까요?>에서 발췌)

문)십일조를 총수입에서 드리는가, 아니면 순수익에서 드리는가?

답)월급생활자의 경우, 세금 등 각종 공제액을 제하지 않은 급여의 총액(net가 아니라 gross)에서 드려야 합니다.

문)정규소득이 아닌 예금이자소득이나 증권투자 소득은 어떻게 되는가?

답)예금이나 증권투자등을 통해 생긴 이자소득은 불로소득이므로 십일조를 드려야 합니다.

문)자녀들의 십일조는 어떻게 되는가?

답)자녀 개인의 입장에서는 용돈이 일종의 수입이므로 별도의 십일조를 드려야 합니다.

문)퇴직금이나 연금을 받았을 경우에도 십일조를 드려야 하는가?

답)개인의 정당한 수입이므로 당연히 십일조를 드려야 합니다.

문)만일 집안에 급한일이 생겨서 당장 돈이 필요한데, 가진 돈이 십일조밖에 없고 다른사람에게 돈을 빌릴 여유가 없을 경우에는 어떻게 하는가?

답)갑작스런 급한일이라도 십일조에는 손을 대지 않는게 좋습니다.

문)교회에서 성미나 구호물품을 배급받거나 다른 사람이 대주는 생활비로 살 정도로 가난한 경우에도 드려야 하는가?

답)설사 성미나 구호물품을 받거나 다른 사람이 생활비를 대주었을지라도 오히려 가난하기때문에 더욱더 십일조를 드려야 합니다.

문)선물을 받았을때는 어떻게 하는가?

답)선물도 받는 사람에게는 소득이 되므로 십일조를 드리는것이 바람직합니다.

문)빚이 있다면 십일조보다 빚을 먼저 갚아야 하는가?

답)빚쟁이의 독촉이 있다 하더라도 십일조는 하나님의 것이므로 그것으로 빚을 갚아서는 안되고, 역시 먼저 십일조를 하여야 합니다.

문)십일조를 드리면 정말 성경의 말씀대로 정말 물질적인 복을 받습니까?

답)기쁜 마음으로 드린다면 하나님은 영적으로나 물질적으로 반드시 복을 주십니다. 그러므로 십일조를 드리는데도 불구하고 삶에 복이 임하지 않을 때에는 진정 온전한 십일조 생활을 하고 있는지 점검해 보아야 합니다.