Re: 치매의 원인들 3. 바이러스 감염(코로나바이러스, 헤르페스 바이러스, 진드기 감염 등)

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Dement Neuropsychol. 2021 Apr-Jun; 15(2): 164–172.

doi: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-020002

PMCID: PMC8283880

PMID: 34345357

Language: English | Portuguese

Dementia and cognitive impairment in adults as sequels of HSV-1-related encephalitis: a review

Emille Magalhães Neves Campos, 1 Laís Damasceno Rodrigues, 2 Leandro Freitas Oliveira, 2 and Júlio César Claudino dos Santos 2 , 3

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ABSTRACT.

Considering the variety of mechanisms of Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) contamination and its broad invasive potential of the nervous system, a life-long latent infection is established. Infected adult individuals may be susceptible to viral reactivation when under the influence of multiple stressors, especially regarding immunocompromised patients. This guides a series of neuroinflammatory events on the cerebral cortex, culminating, rarely, in encephalitis and cytotoxic / vasogenic brain edema. A sum of studies of such processes provides an explanation, even though not yet completely clarified, on how the clinical evolution to cognitive impairment and dementia might be enabled. In addition, it is of extreme importance to recognize the current dementia and cognitive deficit worldwide panorama. The aim of this literature review is to elucidate the available data upon the pathophysiology of HSV-1 infection as well as to describe the clinical panorama of the referred afflictions.

단순포진 바이러스(HSV-1) 오염의 다양한 메커니즘과 신경계에 대한 광범위한 침습 가능성을 고려할 때, 평생 잠복 감염이 확립됩니다. 감염된 성인은 여러 스트레스 요인의 영향을 받을 때 바이러스 재활성화에 취약할 수 있으며, 특히 면역력이 저하된 환자의 경우 더욱 그렇습니다. 이는 대뇌 피질에 일련의 신경 염증 반응을 일으켜 드물게 뇌염과 세포 독성/혈관성 뇌 부종으로 절정에 달합니다. 이러한 과정에 대한 연구를 종합하면 아직 완전히 밝혀지지는 않았지만 인지 장애 및 치매로의 임상적 진화가 어떻게 가능한지에 대한 설명이 가능합니다. 또한 현재 전 세계적으로 치매와 인지 장애가 어떻게 진행되고 있는지 파악하는 것은 매우 중요합니다. 이 문헌 검토의 목적은 HSV-1 감염의 병태생리에 대한 이용 가능한 데이터를 밝히고 언급된 질환의 임상적 파노라마를 설명하는 것입니다.

Keywords: herpesvirus 1, human, central nervous system viral diseases, encephalitis, herpes simplex, cognitive dysfunction, dementia

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014565/

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022; 272(1): 139–154.

Published online 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s00406-021-01286-4

PMCID: PMC8231753

PMID: 34173049

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Rodolfo Furlan Damiano,

1 Bruno F. Guedes,2 Cristiana Castanho de Rocca,1 Antonio de Pádua Serafim,1 Luiz Henrique Martins Castro,2 Carolina Demarchi Munhoz,3 Ricardo Nitrini,2 Geraldo Busatto Filho,1 Eurípedes Constantino Miguel,1 Giancarlo Lucchetti,4 and Orestes Forlenza1

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Abstract

Recently, much attention has been drawn to the importance of the impact of infectious disease on human cognition. Several theories have been proposed, to explain the cognitive decline following an infection as well as to understand better the pathogenesis of human dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease. This article aims to review the state of the art regarding the knowledge about the impact of acute viral infections on human cognition, laying a foundation to explore the possible cognitive decline followed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To reach this goal, we conducted a narrative review systematizing six acute viral infections as well as the current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on human cognition. Recent findings suggest probable short- and long-term COVID-19 impacts in cognition, even in asymptomatic individuals, which could be accounted for by direct and indirect pathways to brain dysfunction. Understanding this scenario might help clinicians and health leaders to deal better with a wave of neuropsychiatric issues that may arise following COVID-19 pandemic as well as with other acute viral infections, to alleviate the cognitive sequelae of these infections around the world.

최근 감염성 질환이 인간의 인지에 미치는 영향의 중요성에 많은 관심이 쏠리고 있습니다. 감염 후 인지 기능 저하를 설명하고 치매, 특히 알츠하이머병의 발병 기전을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 여러 가지 이론이 제안되었습니다. 이 글은 급성 바이러스 감염이 인간의 인지에 미치는 영향에 관한 최신 지식을 검토하여 코로나바이러스 감염증 2019(COVID-19)에 따른 인지 기능 저하 가능성을 탐구할 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위해 6가지 급성 바이러스 감염과 코로나19에 대한 현재 지식 및 코로나19가 인간의 인지에 미치는 영향을 체계화하는 내러티브 리뷰를 수행했습니다. 최근 연구 결과에 따르면 무증상 감염자의 경우에도 코로나19가 인지 기능에 장단기적으로 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있으며, 이는 뇌 기능 장애의 직간접적인 경로로 설명될 수 있습니다. 이 시나리오를 이해하면 임상의와 보건 지도자가 코로나19 팬데믹과 다른 급성 바이러스 감염으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 신경정신과적 문제에 더 잘 대처하여 전 세계적으로 이러한 감염의 인지적 후유증을 완화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

Pediatr Infect Dis J

. 2020 May;39(5):e52-e54.

 doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002595.

Sequelae Following Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Caused by Orientia Tsutsugamushi

Surya Prakash Gangwar 1 2, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj 1, Kamran Zaman 3, Vignesh Vairamani 1, Mahima Mittal 4, Manoj Murhekar 1

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• PMID: 32301923
• DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002595

Abstract

We eval‎uated 146 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, after median interval of 5 months of hospitalization, to estimate the proportion and spectrum of disability. Fifty-six (38.4%) had mild, whereas 19 (13%) had moderate to severe degree of disability. Most patients had impairment in the domain of cognition and behavior.

오리엔티아 쯔쯔가무시로 인한 급성 뇌염 증후군 환자 146명을 중앙값 5개월의 입원 기간 후에 평가하여 장애의 비율과 스펙트럼을 추정했습니다. 56명(38.4%)은 경증, 19명(13%)은 중등도에서 중증의 장애를 가졌습니다. 대부분의 환자는 인지 및 행동 영역에 장애가 있었습니다.