스크랩 ＜맨손맨의 삼채사랑 히카마사랑＞당뇨병 치료효과가 과학적으로 증명된 코시니아 씨앗을 무료로 나눔합니다.

[제천 약초특작원]

＜맨손맨의 삼채사랑 히카마사랑＞Do you know Coccinia?|[ 우리들 이야기 ]

맨손맨(삼채박사,하남)|등급변경▼|조회 567|추천 31|2013.09.25. 05:53http://cafe.daum.net/mmmmansonman58/gvB/4407 

안녕하십니까?

맨손맨의 삼채사랑 히카마사랑 카페의 회원님 여러분께 새로운 작물 

하나를 소개합니다.

맨손맨은 이미 여러 번 여러분께 말씀드렸던 바대로 청년 시절 경희대학교 

한의과 대학을 다니다가 사람의 질병은 병이 든 후에 치료를 하는 것 보다는 

미리 예방을 하는 것이 10,000배 쯤은 더 효율적이고 인도적인 일일 것으로 

판단하여 한의과대학을 중퇴하고 지금까지 무려 350여 회 이상을 해외의 오지로 

유랑하면서 새로운...그러면서도 인간의 질병 예방에 유익한 작물이나 물질들을 

찾아내는데 최선을 다해온 기인(奇人)이었다고 스스로 자부하는 사람입니다.

그런 결과물로 천사채(회를 받치는 데 사용하는 국수처럼 생긴 식품)를 개발하였고 

여러 식용버섯들을 한국에 전파하였으며 삼채나 히카마, 그리고 아직은 밝힐 수 없는

 여러 작물(물질)들을 연구하고 있는 중입니다.

오늘 소개하는 코시니아라는 작물은 당뇨병에 특히 효과가 좋다고 합니다.

그런데 이 코시니아를 직접 먹어보았더니 맛도 뛰어나고 피클이나 김치로 담갔더니 

모습도 앙증맞게 귀엽고 좋았습니다.

우리나라의 기후에도 맞을 것으로 보입니다.

이른 봄에 심어서 여름에서 가을까지 수백 개의 열매가 달리는 이 코시니아는 

식용으로서의 가치도 뛰어나지만 당뇨병에 대한 임상실험결과가 과학적으로 밝혀진 

논문만도 수백 편에 달할 정도로 많았습니다.

이에 맨손맨은 중대한 마음의 결정을 내렸습니다.

이런 작물을 도입해야 한다는 결론에 도달한 것입니다.

먼저 우리 회원님들께 우선권을 드리겠습니다.

조건은 단 한 가지...

<카페의 발전에 이바지해 주신 분들 500분:카페에 게시글 10편 이상, 댓글 답글 

100회 이상을 10월 말까지 달아 주시는 회원님>에게 이 코시니아의 씨앗을 

무료(100평 이내로 심을 분량만큼씩)로 나눠드리겠습니다.

오이를 재배하는 정도의 노력만 들인다면 충분히 가능하고 병충해 등이 거의 없습니다.

열대지방에서는 울타리 등에 자생하고 있는데 식용이나 약용가치가 뛰어납니다.

씨앗 배분은 내년 3월이내로 공지를 통해 알려드리겠으며 미리 카페에 

댓글로 신청을 해 주셔야 합니다.

씨앗의 배송요금은 착불로 합니다.

첫 해에는 소규모로 재배하시고 다음에 경험을 쌓은 후에 대량재배를 권합니다.

이런 결단을 내린 이유는 맨손맨의 철학인 우리 국민들이 보다 더 건강하고 

행복한 삶을 영위하실 수 있도록 돕자는 기본 정신을 완성하자는 뜻이오니 

카페발전에 더욱 힘을 모아주시기 바랍니다.

그리고 아래의 영문자료는 코시니아의 당뇨병 치료와 관련한 내용입니다.

이 기회에 영어사전도 한 번 펼쳐서 코시니아의 약리작용에 대해 자세히

 알아 보시기 바랍니다.

감사합니다.

2013년 9월 25일 새벽에

맨손맨 올립니다.

*실물 크기는 엄지손가락 한 마디에서 두 마디 정도입니다.

피클을 담궜더니 오이보다 더 맛있다는 평가를 받았고 사이즈가 한 입에 

먹기 좋은 정도여서 식용이나 관상용으로도 참 좋습니다.

참고로 당뇨병 등에 활용하는 부위는 잎을 주로 사용하는데 말려서 차(茶)를 끓여

마신다고 합니다.

맨손맨의 생각으로는 이 코시니아를 심고 그 아래에 삼채를 심으면 

폭염피해를 막는 그늘을 지워주는 효과도 있지 않을까 보여집니다.

그리고 영문자료가 방대하여 읽으시기가 불편하다면 아랫 부분 굵은 

글씨로 처리한 붉은 활자체의 결론 부분만 읽어보셔도 좋습니다.

당뇨병에 탁월한 효과가 있다는 내용입니다.

**추천도 좀 눌러 주십시오.

	위의 사진은 코시니아의 덩굴과 열매의 모습입니다. A creeper, Coccinia indica, has anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-ureogenic effects in diabetic rats
	Baizid Alam Shibib, Mohammed Abdullahel Amin, A.K.M Mahbub Hasan, Rafiqur Rahman  ( Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. )
Abstract   Objective: To explore how ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica affects normal and diabetic rats. Methods: The case-controlled animal study was conducted in June 2008 at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Two groups of 10 male rats each - one streptozotocin-induced diabetics and the other normal - were fed orally aqueous suspension of residue extracted from C. indica leaves with 60% ethanol after 18 hours of fasting. After 90 minutes of oral administration, the rats were sacrificed, and blood level of glucose and free fatty acids and hepatic arginase activity were analysed. Results: The blood sugar level had significantly decreased by 23% (p < 0.01) and 28% (p < 0.001) in the normal and diabetic rats. Level of blood-free fatty acid was depressed by 15% (p < 0.01) and 25% (p < 0.001) in the two groups respectively. Moreover, the activity of hepatic arginase, a key urea cycle enzyme, was significantly depressed by 14% (p < 0.05) and 22% (p < 0.02) in the normal and diabetic groups. Conclusion: Results suggested that C. indica extract had anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-ureogenic effects on the diabetic rats as judged by the decreased level of blood glucose and fatty acid and hepatic arginase activity. Keywords: Coccinia indica, Non-diabetic and diabetic rats, Streptozotocin, Anti-hyperglycaemic, Anti-ureogenic. (JPMA 62: 1145; 2012). Introduction   Diabetes mellitus is a very common medical problem, caused by a deficiency of the secretion or action of pancreatic hormone insulin. Metabolic abnormalities of carbohydrate, protein and fats occur in this condition. Characteristic symptoms of diabetes are excessive thirst and frequent urination (polyuria) leading to increased water intake (polydipsia), weight-loss in spite of polyphagia (increased appetite).1 In diabetic condition, blood sugar level rises as it cannot enter into the cells, resulting in hyperglycaemia, which is accelerated by gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney as it becomes the only one source of glucose for the survival of humans and animals in this condition. Under diabetic condition, fatty acids are excessively and incompletely oxidised in the liver which leads to over-production of kentone bodies in the liver.2 In diabetic condition, body proteins are broken down into amino acids, later gluconeogenic amino acids contribute to hyperglycaemia by increasing gluconeogenesis, which, in turn, results in increased urea cycle in the liver. Under this condition, key enzyme of urea cycle arginase is also increased.3 Herbal medicine is well-known in the world for the treatment of many complicated diseases as a parallel to modern medical care. Diabetes mellitus is a very familiar metabolic complication from ancient times. Many medicinal plants are usually being used for its treatment from the very beginning when people came to know about this disease in the Indian sub-continent, especially in rural areas. Some plants have already been scientifically studied and some others are under study for the treatment of diabetes.4-9 There are several types of orally administered chemical drugs to reduce hypoglycaemia in diabetes. However, these are not sufficient. So it is necessary to design a novel oral agent which is more effective and safe to treat hypoglycaemia.10 Previously, many studies showed anti-diabetic properties of Artemisia pallens,11 Gophila reniformis,12 Cassia klenii,13,14 Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera, Trigonilla foenum graecum15 and Coccinia indica.4-7 C. indica (family: Cucurbitaceae) is a creeper. It is locally known as Telakucha. It grows abundantly in Bangladesh and most people use it for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh and India.16 This plant has also been extensively used in Ayurvedic and Unani practice (Herbal medicine) in the Indian sub-continent.7 Leaves of this plant are used by the rural people of Bangladesh as vegetable. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of toxicity of this plant in the human body. However, the physiological effect of this plant on animal is still unknown. Thus the objective of this study was to observe the effect of ethanolic extract of C. indicia leaves on the normal and diabetic rats. Material and Methods   The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, in June 2008. The study was approved by the Academic Committee of the University. Male albino rats of 116-151kg were purchased from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and were kept at a constant temperature of 25oC with a 14 hour of light and 10 hour of dark cycles. Approximately 5-6g of balanced pelleted rat food was supplied thrice a day with free access to drinking water. These conditions were maintained throughout the experimental period until the animals were sacrificed. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in saline of pH 4.3 (65 mg/kg body weight) after 18 hours of fasting. Normal rats injected with citrate buffer were used as control. C. indica plant was collected from the jungle area of Narayanganj, Bangladesh, and identified with the taxonomy. For the purpose, 1kg of fresh C. indica leaves was crushed with a blending machine. These crushed leaves were then soaked in 64% ethanol (v/v) at room temperature in a glass jar for 4 days with an occasional shaking. The suspension was filtered and the filtrate was then freeze dried in a Virtis Bench Freeze dryer (Model no 10-030, USA). The dried green oily semi-solid material was stored in a freezer until further use. The semi-solid material was suspended into water which was fed orally to the experimental rats at a dose of 200mg/kg of body weight after 18 hours of fasting. The rats were sacrificed after 90min of oral administration and about 0.50ml of blood was collected from each rat into a vial containing heparin (35 units/ml of blood) solution. Blood glucose and fatty acid levels were estimated by method of Nelson and Somogyi17-19 and Trout et al20 respectively. Liver was also collected to determine the activity of arginase by the method of Roman et al.21 Rat liver (0.5 g) was chopped into small pieces on a pre-cooled water glass and homogenised for 2 min with ice-cold carbonate buffer at 0-4°C in a potter-Elvehjem type of homogeniser placed in ice bath. The homogenate was centrifuged for 30 min at 10,000 rpm at 2°C. The supernatant was diluted 10X with carbonated buffer and stored at -20°C for detection of arginase activity. The total protein was estimated by the method of Lowry et al.1 Rats were divided into two groups with 10 rats in each group. One group was normal, while the other was diabetic. One rat died during the induction of diabetes. Out of 10 normal rats, 5 were administered with C. indica ethanolic extract, and the other 5 were treated with citrate saline as controls. On the other hand, out of 9 diabetic rats, 5 were administered with C. indica ethanolic extract, and the other 4 were treated with citrate saline. A comparison between the control and treated groups was performed by student\'s t-test. All statistical tests were considered significant at a level of p <0.05. All data was analysed by using SPSS version 10.0. The quantitative data were presented as mean ± SD. Results   The average body weight and blood sugar of the 20 rats were 135.95g and 74.30±3.49 mg% respectively. Half of these rats were treated with STZ and the remaining rats were treated with citrate saline as control after 18 hrs of fasting. Body weight and blood sugar level were again measured in these rats after first, second and third weeks of the injection (Figure-1). Although control rats gained weight by 20.5% at third week post-injection (164g) compared to first week (143g), but average blood glucose level was nearly constant. On the other hand, STZ-treated rats lost weight by 9% at third week post-injection (125g) compared to first week (131g), but average blood glucose level increased by 40%. To study the effect of C. indica plant on one group of rats (five normal and five diabetics) they were orally given aqueous extract of this creeper at dose of 200mg per kg of body weight after 18 hrs of fasting. As control, another group of rats (five normal and four diabetics) were given only distilled water orally after 18 hrs of fasting. Rats were sacrifised after 90 min of the oral administration. Normal and diabetic rats showed no significant difference in their blood glucose levels before and after the oral administrations (Figure-2). On the other hand, the blood glucose levels significantly decreased in both normal and diabetic rats after the oral administration of C. indica extract. The decrease in blood glucose level was much more significant in the diabetic rats (28%, p < 0.001) compared to normal one (23%, p < 0.01). To exclude the possibility of the effect of C. indica on fatty acid production, we determined the blood-free fatty acid level in both control and experimental rats. The levels had not significantly changed in both normal and diabetic rats before and after the oral administration of distilled water (Figure-3A). On the other hand oral administration of C. indica extract caused depression of free fatty acid levels in blood in both normal and diabetic rats. The depression of free fatty acid levels was more significant in the blood of the diabetic rats (25%, p < 0.001) compared to that of normal rats (15%, p < 0.01) after oral administration of the plant extract. The oral administration of ethanolic extract of C. indica led to depression of the activity of hepatic arginase (14% p < 0.05) compared to the oral administration of distilled water in normal rats (Figure-3B). The depression of the activity of hepatic arginase was much more significant (22%, p < 0.02) in the case of diabetic rats. Discussion   Diabetic rats were created by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg body weight). The diabetic condition was confirmed by the increased level of blood sugar level after 18 hrs of fasting condition compared to control rats. Mortality rate was found to be 10% in STZ-induced rats. The blood glucose level was found reduced in both control and diabetic rats after the oral administration of C. indica extract. The percentage of reduction of blood glucose level by C. indica extract was much more significant in the case of diabetic rats (28%) compared to the control rats (23%) under fasting condition. Under fasting condition in diabetic rats blood glucose level increases over the normal one causing a metabolic condition called hyperglycaemia. But our study showed that C. indica extract lowered the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats under fasting condition. It can be concluded that C. indica extract appascutly has an anti-effect on hyperglycaemia. There should be some components in C. indica extract which might help in increased uptake of glucose by cells and/or tissues as the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is enhanced.23 Under fasting condition in diabetic rats, gluconeogenesis from amino acids in liver was the main source of blood glucose. Key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, glucose-6-phosphatese and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase are inhibited by C. indica extract.24,25 Thus the inhibition of gluconeogenesis should also contribute to lower the blood glucose level in diabetic rats under fasting condition after the oral administration of C. indica extract. Moreover, blood-free fatty acid levels were also found decreased in both normal and diabetic rats under fasting condition after the oral treatment of C. indica extract. This indicated that this creeper extract seems to have some chemicals which might enhance oxidation of blood-free oxidation. Arginase is a key enzyme of urea cycle in the liver. The enzymatic activity of hepatic arginase was significantly reduced in diabetic rats (24%) compared to normal rats (14%) after the oral administration of C. indica extract under fasting condition, indicating the reduction of urea formation. In diabetic condition urea formation is abnormally high, but after oral administration of C. indica extract, arginase activity was seen to have significantly reduced in diabetic rats under fasting condition. Moreover, gluconeogenesis directly linked to urea cycle in liver was reduced by extract treatment. Thus it can be concluded that the oral administration of C. indica extract seems to have anti-ureogenic effect in diabetic rats under fasting condition together with anti-hyperglycaemic effect which are brought about by the depression of hepatic gluconeogenesis as the depression of hepatic glocuneogenesis is related to the depression of the activity of hepatic arginase in the urea cycle. Conclusion   Creeper, C. indica has a highly significant effect on the control of blood glucose level compared to other herbs reported, and urea level in diabetic rats under fasting condition. The plant might be used in the future as herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetic patients as it reduces the metabolic complications under diabetic condition. Moreover, it would be much more interesting to detect metabolic elements which contribute to reduced metabolic complications in the diabetic rats. Acknowledgements   The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. We are grateful to Dr. Nasir Uddin, Director, Animal House, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), for supplying the rats. We also thank Mr. Iqbal Mahmood for his help, in the collection of the plant sample from the jungle. References   1. Guyton AC. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 6 ed. Philadelphia, Penn: Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd; 1981. 2. Lehninger AL. Principles of Biochemistry. New York, NY: Worth Publishers Inc.; 1982. 3. Harper HA, Mayes PA, Martin DW, Rodwell VW. Harper\'s Review of Biochemistry. 18 ed: Lange Medical Publications; 1981. 4. Chopra RN, Bose JP. Cephalandra indica (Telakucha) in diabetes. Indian J Med Res 1925; 13: 11-6. 5. Brahmachari HD, Augusti KT. Orally Effective Hypoglycaemic Principles from Coccinia indica Wight and Arn. J Pharm Pharmacol 1963; 15: 411-2. 6. Gupta SS. Experimental Studies on Pituitary Diabetes. Iii. Effect of Indigenous Anti-Diabetic Drugs against the Acute Hyperglycaemic Response of Anterior Pituitary Extract in Glucose Fed Albino Rats. Indian J Med Res 1963; 51: 716-24. 7. De UN, Mukerji B. Effect of Coccinia indica on alloxan diabetes in rabbits. Ind J Med Sci 1953; 7: 665. 8. Azad Khan AK, Akhtar S, Mahtab H. Coccinia indica in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1979; 5: 60-6. 9. Khan AK, S AK, Mahtab H. Treatment of diabetes mellitus with Coccinia indica. Br Med J 1980; 280: 1044. 10. Ramachandran A, editor. Diabetes in India. National Urban Diabetes Study. Diabetes in Asia; 2001. 11. Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Evans DA, Latha PG, Valsaraj R. Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 50: 13-7. 12. Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan S, Kumar TBV, Pushpangadan P. Hepatoprotective activity of Geophila reinformis (tender leaves) agianst CCI4 or paracetamol — induced hepatic damage in rats. In: Murali TS, Ramamurthy C, Ramachandran KV, Warrier PK, editors. Holistic Life and Medicine; Kottakal, India: Arya Vaidyasala; 1998; pp 187-93. 13. Babu V, Gangadevi T, Subramoniam A. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of Cassia Kleinii leaf extract in glucose fed normal rats and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ind J Pharmacol 2002; 34: 409-15. 14. Babu V, Gangadevi T, Subramoniam A. Antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of Cassia Kleinii leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and isolation of an active fraction and toxicity eval‎‍uation of the extract. Ind J Pharmacol 2003; 35: 290-6. 15. Waqar MA, Shaukat S, Sohail T. Study of glibenclamide with some traditional herbs used for the treatment of diabetes in Pakistan. J Chem Soc Pak 2008; 30: 147. 16. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapur LD. Indigenous drugs of India. Calcutta, India: U.N. Dhar and Sons Ltd.; 1958. 17. Nelson N. A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J biol Chem 1944; 153: 375-80. 18. Somogyi M. A new reagent for the determination of sugars. J Biologic Chemistr 1945; 160: 61. 19. Somogyi M. Determination of blood sugar. J Biologic Chemistr 1945; 160: 69-73. 20. Trout DL, Estes EH, Jr., Friedberg SJ. Titration of free fatty acids of plasma: a study of current methods and a new modification. J Lipid Res 1960; 1: 199-202. 21. Roman W, Oon RC, Gan RT, Ruys J. Quantitative estimation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum. II. A simple routine method for the separation of the isoenzymes by heat stability. Enzymologia 1969; 36: 353-70. 22. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75. 23. Shibib BA, Uddin MN, Shafiq J, Uddin MA. Effect of Coccinia indica extract on blood glucose, fatty acid and hepatic phosphofructo kinase -1 of both normal and diabetic rats. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2005; 2: 106-11. 24. Hossain MZ, Shibib BA, Rahman R. Hypoglycemic effects of Coccinia indica: inhibition of key gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. Indian J Exp Biol 1992; 30: 418-20. 25. Shibib BA, Khan LA, Rahman R. Hypoglycaemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem J 1993; 292: 267-70.