스크랩 valley골짜기 의 어원,산에 관한 우리말 어원 산중턱 할때 턱 산기슭할때 슭 의 어원,일본어 산(야마)의 어원

[김판우]

valley 산 골짜기

뱉-->밷-->밸 발음변천

이 말은 인도 드라비다어에서 나왔다.

우리말은 인도 드라비다어,인도 산스크리트어,알타이어를 바탕으로 만들어진 말이다.

골짜기 골은 파이는 것이다.

평평한 흙이 파인다고 생각해보라.

시간이 지남에 따라 산골짜기가 만들어진다.

밭에서 고랑 이랑 을 보면 이랑은 위쪽이고 고랑은 파인 쪽이다.

골이 바로 valley인 것이다.

아래 어원자료를 잘 읽어보시라!

어원의 진실이 과연 어떤 것인지 알게 될 것이다.

l이 반모음 이으 적용되면 

파여-->어원

기본형 파다 피동 파이다 

Proto-Dravidian : *veṭ-

Meaning : 1 mountain 2 shore

Proto-South Dravidian: *veṭ-/*vIḍ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *veṭ-/*vIḍ-

Meaning : mountain

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : viṭam, viṭari, viṇṭu

Tamil meaning : mountain

Kannada : beṭṭa, beṭṭu

Kannada meaning : big hill, mountain

Kodagu : beṭṭa

Kodagu meaning : big hill, mountain

Tulu : boṭṭu

Tulu meaning : high, lofty; dry (as land)

Proto-Nilgiri : *veṭ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *veṭ-

Meaning : mountain (esp. tɨṭ pöṭ id.)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : veṭm (obl. veṭt-)

Toda : pöṭ

Additional forms : Also Kota beṭ mountain (nāng beṭ the Nilgiris [lit. the four mountains]); beṭd amn the female member of the Raŋgr trinity in Kolmēl village [lit. the goddess of the mountain])

Notes : Kota beṭ borrowed from Kannada (where final -m regularly disappears, so beṭṭa > Kota beṭǝ > beṭ).

Number in DED : 5474

Notes : Tamil, strange enough, has viṭam and not veṭṭam - a strange shift in vowel quality. The variant with the nasal (viṇṭu) is also unclear.

Number in DED : 5474

Proto-North Dravidian : *biṭ-ā

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *biṭ-ā

Meaning : a shore

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : biṭe

Number in DED : 5474

Brahui : biṭ

 

Brahui : biṭ

Meaning : mound, hillock

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Additional forms : Also BRA buṭ id.; bāṭag_h_ summit, top

Number in DED : 5474

Proto-Dravidian : *var-ai

Meaning : mountain; steep slope

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *var-ai

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *var-ai

Meaning : mountain

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : varai

Tamil meaning : mountain, peak, slope of hill

Tamil derivates : varaiy-āṭu ibex, Hemitragus hylocrius; jungle sheep

Kannada : bare

Kannada meaning : (Hav.) steep slope

Kannada derivates : (Gowda) barE precipice

Kodagu : bare

Kodagu meaning : steep slope

Tulu : bare

Tulu meaning : (B-K) a steep precipice

Proto-Nilgiri : *var-

 

Number in DED : 5274

Proto-Altaic: *goblu

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *gowlV

Meaning: valley, deep

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : KVLV

Meaning : valley

Eurasiatic : *gowlV

Afroasiatic : *gVl- 'valley, depth' (Cush., berb.)

Sino-Caucasian : *ḳălhV (or rather PNC *ḳ_ɨ̆wɫV 'gorge')

Reference : ND 620.

Indo-European: ? Balt. *gil- 'deep'

Altaic: *goblu

Uralic: *kolV 'rift, cleft, interval' (?)

 

Dravidian: *kol- (?)

 

Proto-Dravidian : *kol-

Meaning : valley, bay

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kol-i

References: ND 620 *gowlu 'deep, valley'; GE 6 *ḳolo 'hole' (with much confusion).

Meaning: valley

Russian meaning: долина

Turkic: *Kōl

 

Proto-Turkic: *Kōl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: valley

Russian meaning: долина

Karakhanid: qol (MK)

Turkish: kol (dial.)

Tatar: qul

Middle Turkic: qol (B)

Uighur: qol (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: qol 'gutter'

Turkmen: Gōl

Khakassian: xol

Tuva: xol

Kirghiz: qol

Bashkir: qul (dial.)

Balkar: qol

Kumyk: qol

Comments: VEWT 277, Лексика 90-91, EDT 615 (confused with *Kol 'arm'), ЭСТЯ 6, 43-46.

Mongolian: *gowl

 

Proto-Mongolian: *gowl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: river; river valley, centre

Russian meaning: река; долина реки, центр

Written Mongolian: ɣoul

Middle Mongolian: qol (SH), ɣol (MA)

Khalkha: gol

Buriat: gol

Kalmuck: ɣol

Ordos: Gol

Dongxian: Gon

Dagur: gol (Тод. Даг. 132), gole (MD 152)

Shary-Yoghur: Gol

Monguor: Gor (SM 125), (MGCD Gol)

Mogol: ɣōl

Comments: KW 149-150, MGCD 298, 300. The meaning 'centre' in Mong. is obviously secondary ( < 'river bed', 'river centre', despite Doerfer TMN 1, 438 who thinks of an opposite semantic development).

Tungus-Manchu: *gola

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gola

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: valley

Russian meaning: долина

Literary Manchu: golo

Comments: ТМС 1, 160. Manch. golo 'valley, watershed' has also acquired the meaning 'land between two rivers' and 'administrative region'. With the latter meaning it was borrowed into Ud. golo 'people', Nan. Golo id., (Bik.) 'region, locality'.

Korean: *kōr

 

Proto-Korean: *kōr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: valley

Russian meaning: долина

Modern Korean: kōl

Middle Korean: kōr

Comments: Nam 51, KED 156.

Japanese: *kura

 

Proto-Japanese: *kura

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: deep valley

Russian meaning: глубокая долина

Old Japanese: kura, kura-tani

Comments: EAS 48, KW 150, SKE 121, Martin 245, Whitman 1985, 191, 222, Martin 1996, 39, АПиПЯЯ 19, 70. Mong. cannot be borrowed from Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 139.; the isolated Manchu form may be < Mong. (see TMN 1, 439, Doerfer MT 116, Rozycki 91), but not necessarily so.

산중턱에 암자가 자리 잡고 있었다.

턱은 무엇인가?

툭 턱 탁 튀어올라온 것을 말한다.

터키어로 Daǧ 다으 라고 한다.

언덕 ,둔덕 

일본어로 たか[高] 산은 높다는 뜻이다.

다까이 높다는 형용사도 여기서 나온다.

r발음에 ㅎ도 포함되어 있다.

Ronaldo 포르투갈 축구선수  l발음 반모음 이으 -->호나우두 

돌 stone 역시 도르-->도흐-->독 

독도 는 돌섬이다.

산 어원 역시 타르-->타흐-->탁   터르-->터흐-->턱 

타르-->th번데기-->사르-->산 

達 로 표현하는 지명 아사달 달구벌 모두 높다는 뜻이다.

성(도시)은 방어를 위해 높은 지대에 위치한다.

터키 turkey  는 발음상 여러가지가 된다.

탉기 달기 닭은 과거 새를 지칭하는 말이었다.

도르 도리 일본어로 새를 뜻한다.

도르 돓 돍 닭 

토르 타리-->th번데기-->사리-->사히-->사이-->새 

칠면조의 뜻이 있다.하여간 과거에는 새를 뜻하는 말이었다.

타르 탉  높다는 뜻도 되고 

타르 star 별(星)이란 뜻도 되고 달(月)이란 뜻도 된다.

터키 국기에 보면 별인가 달인가 그려져 있다.

Proto-Altaic: *tēga

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *TVGV

Meaning: high

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : TVKV

Meaning : mountain, high

Eurasiatic : *TVGV

Afroasiatic : *daq̇-

Sino-Caucasian : ? OC *diak stone; ST *thɨāk 'lift, support'

Austric : PAA *dʔǝk, PAN *-duk, -tuk; PAN *tuku 'prop, post' ?

Amerind (misc.) : *take 'head' (actually: 'high, top, above') (R 367) [+ A]; *tak 'stone; mountain' ? (R 695)

Notes : PST also has *d(r)ǝ̆k 'top, ascend' (possibly < AA), and PAA has *tVʔ 'stone' (possibly < ST; cf. *TVHV).

Altaic: *tēga

Eskimo-Aleut: *takǝ(v)-

 

Proto-Eskimo: *takǝ(v)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: long, (high)

Russian meaning: длинный, (высокий)

Proto-Yupik: *takǝ(v)- (*-li-)

Proto-Inupik: *takǝ-, *tak(ǝ)li-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 325

Meaning: high; top, mountain

Russian meaning: высокий, верх, гора

Turkic: *dāg

 

Proto-Turkic: *dāg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mountain

Russian meaning: гора

Old Turkic: taɣ (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: taɣ (MK, KB)

Turkish: daɣ

Tatar: taw

Middle Turkic: taɣ (MA), taɣ, ṭaɣ (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tɔɣ

Uighur: taɣ

Sary-Yughur: taɣ

Azerbaidzhan: daɣ

Turkmen: dāG

Khakassian: taɣ

Shor: taɣ (Верб.)

Oyrat: tū

Halaj: tāɣ

Chuvash: tu

Yakut: tɨa 'taiga, wood'

Dolgan: tɨa 'land, tundra'

Tuva: daɣ

Tofalar: daɣ, taɣ

Kirghiz: tō

Kazakh: taw

Noghai: taw

Bashkir: tau

Balkar: tau

Gagauz: dā

Karaim: daɣ

Karakalpak: taw

Salar: dāɣ

Kumyk: taw

Comments: VEWT 454, TMN 2, 439-440, EDT 463, ЭСТЯ 3, 117-118, Лексика 94, 111, Stachowski 236.

Mongolian: *deɣe-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *deɣe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 above, up 2 to fly 3 to jump, leap

Russian meaning: 1 наверх, наверху 2 лететь 3 прыгать, перепрыгивать

Written Mongolian: deɣe- 1 (L 242, 243), degde- 2 (L 241), degüli- 3 (L 245)

Middle Mongolian: de'ere (HY 50, SH), dīrä (IM), dirä̆ (MA) 1

Khalkha: dē- 1, degde- 2, dǖlle- 3

Buriat: dēr(e) 1, degde- 2

Kalmuck: dē- 1, degdǝ- 2

Ordos: dē- 1, degde- 2

Dongxian: ǯierǝ, ǯiedu

Baoan: de-Goŋ 1

Dagur: dēre 1, derede-, degede- 2 (MD 135), dē- (Тод. Даг. 136), derd- 1, (MGCD, Тод. Даг. 136) dēr, derde-

Shary-Yoghur: dīre, dīd

Monguor: dǝre (SM 49), dē-di (SM 50), te-šǝ (SM 418) 1, diginē- 'sauter sur un pied' (SM 51), dǖli- 'sauter, bondir, danser, battre (coeur)' (SM 56)

Mogol: dērä 'auf, oben', dēkši 'aufwarts, mehr, besser'; ZM dei-ra (7-1b), dei-du (24-3b) 'above', dekšǝ- (41-2) 'to come up'

Comments: MGCD 206, 211, KW 84, 91.

Tungus-Manchu: *deg-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *deg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to fly (v.) 2 bird

Russian meaning: 1 лететь 2 птица

Evenki: deg- 1, degi 2

Even: deɣ- 1, deɣi 2

Negidal: deɣ- 1, deɣī 2

Spoken Manchu: dei-, dii- 'to fly' (2300)

Literary Manchu: deje- 1, dei 2

Ulcha: degde- 1

Nanai: degde- 1

Oroch: deili- 1

Udighe: dieli- 1

Solon: degelī- 1, degī 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 228-229. TM > Dag. degī 'bird' (Тод. Даг. 136).

Korean: *tǝ-

 

Proto-Korean: *tǝ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: still more, moreover

Russian meaning: еще больше, сверх

Modern Korean: tǝ

Comments: KED 439.

Japanese: *tàkà-

 

Proto-Japanese: *tàkà-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 high 2 mountain

Russian meaning: 1 высокий 2 гора

Old Japanese: taka- 1, take 2

Middle Japanese: tàkà- 1

Tokyo: taká- 1, také 2

Kyoto: tákà- 1, tákè 2

Kagoshima: taká- 1, také 2

Comments: JLTT 539, 841.

Comments: Poppe 58, 89 (Mong.-Tung.; on Turk. *jẹg- see under *di̯òge), SKE 260, EAS 51, 145, Цинциус 1972, 4 (but ТМ *dǖ 'top, above' cannot belong here for phonetic reasons), Miller 1985, 143, АПиПЯЯ 283. TM cannot be borrowed from Mong., despite Doerfer MT 20, Rozycki 58. Korean parallels for Jpn. taka-, take in Martin 236 are improbable; but cf. also Kor. thjǝ 'up' in compounds, see SKE 48; another old derivative may be Kor. tòt- 'to rise' = Mong. degde-]. A different etymology proposed for PT *dāg is the comparison with WMong. tajiɣa 'forest' (see e.g. VEWT 454). The etymology as such cannot be accepted (because of the wrong correspondence PT *d- : Mong. t-), but Turkic may in fact have merged two originally different roots - which would explain an abnormal correspondence of Turkic long vowel to PJ low tone.

산기슭할때 슭 역시 타르 터르 트르의 변형음이다.

트르-->th번데기-->스르-->슬르-->슬흐-->슭

알타이어, 드라비다어에 공통적으로 존재하는 말이다.

Proto-Altaic: *sira ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *[s]VrV

Meaning: top, hill

Indo-European: *ser- (Hitt. ser 'oben', Gr. rhíon 'peak')

Altaic: *sira ( ~ -u)

Uralic: ? *śarma (? cf. also *śürjä )

 

Kartvelian: Georg. ser- 'hill', Laz serṭ- 'top of a hill'

Comments: Sibilants irregular (Alt. doesn't fit).

References: ND 2108a *śaRV 'top, hill' (+ East Cush.).

Meaning: hill, high mountain

Russian meaning: холм, высокая гора

Turkic: *sɨrt

 

Proto-Turkic: *sɨrt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 back, spine (of animal) 2 tableland, mountain ridge

Russian meaning: 1 спина, позвоночник (животного) 2 горный хребет

Karakhanid: sɨrt-la- 'to climb up a small valley' (MK)

Turkish: sɨrt 1, 2

Tatar: sɨrt 1, 2

Middle Turkic: sɨrt (AH) 2, sirt (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: sirt 1, 2

Uighur: sirt 1

Azerbaidzhan: sɨrt (dial.) 2

Turkmen: sɨrt 2

Khakassian: sɨrt 1

Oyrat: sɨrt 1

Chuvash: šъrt 1, 2

Tuva: sirt 1, 2

Tofalar: sɨ'rt 1, 2

Kirghiz: sɨrt 2

Kazakh: sɨrt 2

Noghai: sɨrt 'back part'

Bashkir: hɨrt 1, 2

Balkar: sɨrt 1

Karaim: sɨrt 1

Karakalpak: sɨrt

Kumyk: sɨrt 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 419, EDT 847, Лексика 268, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > Hung. szirt (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 756).

Mongolian: *siru- / *siro-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *siru- / *siro-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 rock, cliff 2 high mountain

Russian meaning: 1 скала, мыс 2 высокая гора

Written Mongolian: siruɣ 1, šoroŋ 2 (МХТТТ)

Khalkha: šurag 1, šoron 2

Tungus-Manchu: *sirk-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sirk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a small hillock 2 cape

Russian meaning: 1 холмик, кучка 2 мыс

Evenki: sirkun (Uchur) 2

Nanai: sirge 1 (Он.)

Comments: ТМС 2, 95.

Comments: Мудрак Дисс. 45-46. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Dravidian : *sōr-

Meaning : mountain

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sōr-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sōr-

Meaning : mountain

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sōr-u

 

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sōr-u

Meaning : hill, mountain

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : sōru

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : hōrū "hill"

Kuwi (Schulze) : hōru "mountain, rock"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : hōru "mountain"

Parja Kuwi : hōru "mountain"

Number in DED : 2887

Notes : A PK isogloss.

일본어로 산을 야마 라고 한다.

이 말은 어디서 온 것일까?

Proto-Altaic: *ńi̯ama

Meaning: low, level; side of the mountain

Russian meaning: низкий, ровный; склон горы

Turkic: *jAmač

 

Proto-Turkic: *jAmač

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: side of a mountain

Russian meaning: склон горы

Turkish: jamač

Middle Turkic: jamač, jamaǯ (R, Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: jamaǯ

Turkmen: jamač (dial.)

Gagauz: jamač

Comments: VEWT 184, ЭСТЯ 4, 111.

Mongolian: *nam

 

Tungus-Manchu: *niama