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Progression of the 4-H movement for rural development in the Philippines
Direction of 4-H Movement in the Philippines
Progression of the 4-H movement for rural development and individual agricultural improvement
Progression of the 4-H movement for rural development in the Philippines
1. Direction of the 4-H Movement for Rural Development and Individual Agricultural Improvement
As a promotional material for the project direction to be presented to individuals in each village+
2. Direction of the 4-H Movement as a human development and food self-sufficiency movement in the San Jose area
Organized by: San Jose Municipal Rural Relations Na Agricultural Technology Center. Korea 4-H Task Council
Host: San Jose City Hall Proposal: Pastor Seok-Yong Yoon
A. Content to proceed with 4-H activity
B. Specific details to proceed with the 4-H activity
C. Actual Progress and Administrative Alternatives
Date April 25, 2022
______________________
HON. ROMEO G. CA_PITULO
Mayor
Municipality of San Jose, Tarlac
Sir:
How are you? I hope you are now at peace and in the guidance and love of our dear Lord.
I am Rev. Suk-Yong Yun, Korea Rural Missionary. Representative of Korea 4-H Task Council and I am the husband of Amy Rose D. Capiendo, a bona fide citizen of your town, specifically in San Pedro, Iba, San Jose, Tarlac.
I am writing you this letter directly from Korea for the reason that I want to discuss and share with you our project entitled
“4-H Movement for Rural Development and Individual Income Improvement.”
This aims to aid the San Joseians and other agricultural-related professionals to develop their agrarian skills and reforms.
However, since I am very far from the Philippines and yet, I have to discuss this to you as soon as possible, I have decided to reach you thru online platform or thru phone calls, but as soon as I get back to your town, San Jose, sometime in August 2022, I will meet you personally to discuss further the important details about my proposal. Also, since, it is difficult to stay long in the Philippines in this time of pandemic, I am obliged to send you this letter as early as now for a purpose of advance considerations and reviews regarding my project proposal. Your opinion, suggestions and recommendations are very relevant to make this project possible. Thus, please allow me to introduce this to your town, San Jose, and let your constituents enjoy its benefits in terms of Agricultural development.
For your further perusal, first, I will send to you the document through messenger but as soon as I arrive in the Philippines, I will deliver this to you and it’s my privilege if you will check and make modification on its content.
With this regard, I am looking forward for a stronger and harmonious partnership with you. Thank you very much for your considerations and cooperation towards this matter.
Truly yours,
Rev. Suk-Yong Yun (Korea Rural Missionary. Representative of Korea 4-H Task Council)
4-H Movement for Rural Development and Individual Income Improvement.
The 4-H movement, which started in the United States, has been active in Korea for a long time and we have been very active both nationally and personally. You can see this temporarily through the 43 photos. So while I'm in the Philippines, I hope to do the following activities together with you.
Perhaps the Philippine government or each city hall is doing this already. However, I think, this seems to be a bit weak, so why don’t we work together? I do hope that you will review this proposal and encourage too your constituents to gather at your municipal hall for them to receive agricultural skills and knowledge and engage them in individual village activities.
Maybe, I could not discuss this in details through internet or phone calls but I think you should know more about this as a whole. Thus, please allow me to discuss this with you in person and I am appealing for your assistance and support to make this possible in San Jose or I think this would be more helpful if we will do this to each barangay or office focusing on Agriculture.
When it comes to financial matters, I would like to request for a partnership funding. International Development Cooperation Headquarters, Korea International Cooperation Agency 1588-0434 KONICA (personal development and social cooperation) and KOPIA of the Korea Rural Development Administration (063-238-1174) can support this project and I hope same as you too. When it comes to some materials needed in conducting the activities for the movement, I hope this is a shared responsibility as well as shared concern. We want to conduct this for three years among the 10 villages or barangays in the Philippines, from 2023 t0 2025, thus, I am asking for your continuous support by being sponsors or donors to some activities and prizes during the conduct of the said project. As Mayor, you may also take the responsibility for the prizes, for the purchase of the needed materials and for some other expenses during the conduct of the said project.
Fund and Actual Progress and Administrative Alternatives
Depending on the financial situation or the preparation of money, in 2023, you can start for 5 villages with 300,000 pesos or a village with 60,000 pesos. In this way, you can start small at first, and then you can use Korean capital by doing it well.
As a result of a survey of 30 cases out of 1,459 cases by KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency), the representative agency for development cooperation in Korea, 1 of the possibilities in the rural sector “a reliable partner for supporting rural development in Kyrgyzstan” KOICA, Good Neighbors (CEO Lee Il-ha) Partnership business modeled at 250 billion peose (10 billion won). We found the possibility of progress by preparing 20% of the total.
Good Neighbors (representative Pastor Il-ha Lee), the largest fundraising organization in Korea, is a pastor who gave me 80% of the finances for Korea Fellowship for Rural Missions 1990-2006 and made me do missionary work in Korea in rural areas. Now I am praying
for this Philippine 4-H ministry with them.
From the start, financial support from Korea is difficult. We have to see it step by step. We can present our project from ODA or KPIA in Korea or even more, we do personal sponsorship, so, please I am asking too for your financial aid or support.
4-H Club of the Philippines, Inc. briefer (What to know about 4-H Club in the Philippines) 9min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aCj6r5uHRw
PHILIPPINE 4-H CLUB SONG 2 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElZ_K2BYpvY
Youth in Agribusiness: A Success Story of Agusipan 4H Club 48min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qn9BzdT3sNY
Halimbawa :Laguna (63-917-148-1748) sa KOPIA Philippines Center (https://www.koica.go.kr/koica_kr/913/subview.do)
upang mapataas ang ani ng 458% na may mga gulay, beans, bawang at bigas.
Can this ministry be a foundation for San Jose's development?
Pease help me to be connected to a staff member who is in charge into this in your Municipality. I can't stay in the Philippines for a long period of time. Actually, I have only two- three months chance every year to stay in the Philippines. So, I hope in these three months I could build a good and healthy partnership with your staff and be able to strengthen this ministry remotely with them. I will do my best to fully demonstrate the skill and knowledge that
1. Secure at least a small amount of financial resources from the mayor and city hall. 30% ?
2. Dokji persuades 4-5 people to support the finances. 60% ?
3. Sponsored by me and the Korea 4-H Task Council. 10% ?
I prepared for the 4-H Club workout in Tagalog and English to send and use to individuals as follows.
We invite you here.
Fostering the Korean 4-H Club in the Philippines
We invite you to become the “4-H Completion Resource Leader”. https://youtu.be/K_eMENp5FfI The video is being translated.
hello. How are you? Please click on each cafe below to observe the contents.
One person who has been cultivated in 4-H spirit centered on Head, Heart, Hand and Health is nurtured as a 4-H member,
How to make mature farmers and Philippians? https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/Yuiq/2
How to nurture a 4-H club? Instruct as recorded in the 4-H task record provided by the Korea 4-H Task Council. Below are the 4-H task logbook and 4-H activity record book in English and Filipino.
4-H task record book for resource leaders and graduates to use (p20) https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/YtuP/4
4-H activity record book of assignment completion https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/YtuP/5
4-H task record book para magamit ng mga pinuno ng mapagkukunan at mga nagtapos https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/YtuP/6
4-H activity record book ng pagkumpleto ng assignment https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/YtuP/7
The direction of the 4-H movement in the Philippines is https://cafe.daum.net/4Hfellowship/YtuP/2
1. Direction of the 4-H Movement for Rural Development and Individual Farming Income
2. The direction of the 4-H movement as a human development and food self-sufficiency movement in the San Jose area (as a promotional material for the project direction to be presented to individuals in each village)
A. Details to proceed with 4-H activity B. Specific contents to proceed with 4-H activity C. Actual progress and administrative alternatives (other details)
We invite you here.
may help them strengthen their mental capacity. So, please introduce the program to them so that a strong and solid support from them may be achieved. We need financial resources for two to six people who have a will for regional development and I hope these six people may also afford to support themselves economically.
However, I think it's better if the NGOs or especially the governments would shoulder the expenses in doing so rather than from personal expense. Korea is also investing heavily in rural development projects. So, I think it is necessary to expand even from some administrative agencies in the Philippines for such a work.
With regards to the persons-in-charge or leaders, I have received a recommendation from a young man who can become a 4-H leader in each village. I must just have to meet him and explain to him the details and be their co- worker.
Also, when it comes to the location for the project, each participant must have to borrow for about 30 square meters of land for them to practice the 4-H assignments. In this matter, I will present a plan to attain its progress and successful implementation. That is why, thank you very much in advance for your reviews, permission and cooperation.
The target participants for this project are anyone who wishes to come for this purpose. As an addition, I am planning to invite 20 to 30 people in advance. Also, once the corona virus will get over, why don’t we provide snacks for them or an amount for their transportation expenses instead of meals?
If you would like to introduce a person in charge of rural areas in the city hall who will actually carry out this ministry, then how about sending detailed information and discussing it with him?
looking forward
The city of San Jose and the Korea 4-H Task Council evaluated 10 villages in the Philippines based on their experiences of three years of self-reliance activities between 2023 and 2025.
The contract is signed with the approval of the Philippine government and Konica of Korea. In other words, it will be carried out so that 93,000 people in 50 villages can be affected. The Korea 4-H Task Council or Korea 4-H Headquarters provides various guidance as a Korean international cooperation group for infrastructure formation and production base in rural areas of the Philippines.
KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency), the representative organization for development cooperation in Korea, has major programs: agricultural infrastructure and equipment support, personal farming production task guidance, farming capacity building support, market link support, farmer organization nurturing, organic matter production movement, agricultural distribution capacity reinforcement , strengthening the agricultural value chain, and strengthening the capacity of local communities.
Classes are held at least 4 times a year and are taught by experts from Korea and the Philippines. High-yield rice and effective field farming methods, market guidance, task guidance, character guidance, and rural guidance officers depart as instructors.
I pray that KOIKA of Korea and Good Neighbors (representative Pastor Il-ha Lee) will invest a total of KRW 10 billion for 5 years from 2026 to participate in 50-100 villages within the project area. ODA KOICA https://www.koica.go.kr/sites/koica_kr/index.do
From Rev. Suk-Yong Yun
(Korea Rural Missionary. Representative of Korea 4-H Task Council)
Below is the list of the proposed materials for the project direction to be presented to participant from each village.
This is the direction of the 4-H movement as a human development
and food self-sufficiency movement in the San Jose area.
In the United States, 4-H is originated from 1905-1914. In Korea, the Global 4-H Network was launched in which 75 countries were united, and the 1st Global 4-H Network World Congress started in 2014.
In this way, the 4-H movement is a movement for human development and food self-sufficiency that the country should do.
In addition, the 4-H movement is an activity that wakes up people. As everyone knows, the future of a country depends on its youth. Therefore, the 4-H movement, which started under the 4-H spirit centered on Head, Heart, Hand and Health, was strongly carried out not only in the United States but also in Korea. Therefore, I think, the Philippines also needs more and more 4-H activation. Therefore, it is a 4-H movement that is very helpful in awakening individuals and uniting the community through the 4-H movement, thus, active participation is encouraged.
The 4-H movement is a good movement that develops individuals, develops society, and solidifies the country. In the United States and Korea, there are many people who were built through these movements. It has been 20 years since Korea overtook Japan in the production of rice per 300 square meters, and it is the world's highest production and wherever fruits or all crops are planted, good agricultural products and fruits were produced through soil improvement. Korea covers an area of 110,000 square kilometers and has a population of 50 million, 75% of which is mountainous. So there is a lot of foreign imports of agricultural products in there.
In addition, Korea's national rural leadership has developed remarkably. Even more personally, organic farming brought about many changes, such as producing good agricultural products and selling them at high prices, and they also conducting direct sales campaigns. I know that the Philippines is now becoming an importer of agricultural products but isn't it very important too to increase the rice production and change the mind of the people who will use all the land through this movement? Therefore, we visited the village elders and invite them as “4-H task completion volunteer leaders.”
Likewise, a young man who can become a 4-H leader in each village is recommended to receive a hard training related to his obligations and responsibilities. Members will practice the 4-H task by renting their own land of about 30 square meters or more.
To ensure that this method is being carried out on a regular basis, train someone to record plans and results, and must have a record book for each participant’s completed tasks. Therefore, as an evidence of self-discipline, I, together with my groupmates in this project, set a task with the leader to hold a monthly meeting. Completion of each participant to the 4-H task must be put all in records through logbook, including one's farm or one's life problems. Also, this ask for help from neighbors who are 20 to 30 years older to write the 4-H task as a water resource leader. We can see a lot of people around us accomplishing any task, so, after completing these tasks one must put these into record. In doing so, one must redefine and develop himself/ herself and continue working together as a great 4-H member. Also, according to the degree of zeal, they will be given a prize for mowing up, and from the mowing movement they can make organic matter as a habit, making good soil, and making and eating great food for life.
Flow of Activities for the Project 4-H Movement
Instructor's lecture title
Individual efforts for national development. [Lecturer ; Governor of Tarlac]
The role of leaders for cooperative projects in the village. [Lecturer ; Mayor of San Jose.]
[Lecturer: San Jose Executive Director]
The necessity of the 4-H movement for rural and social development and measures for individual activities. [Lecturer: Missionary Yun Suk-yong]
Annual economic feasibility of breeding 20 pigs. [Lecturer ; Pastor Ivar Raleigh]
When: August 2022, 2pm Venue; San Jose City Hall Auditorium
When: September 2022 at 2pm Venue; san peter
When: October 2nd, 2022 at 2pm Location; San Jose Municipal Hall
Organization: Advisor: Mayor of San Jose. 3 Staff from in Tarlac
4-H Project Leader: Rev. Daniel Sukyong Yun
Members: village/ barangay leaders and village/barangay presidents
Administration: San Jose Municipal Hall Agricultural Officer Secretary:
Invited: Mayor of San Jose.
Proposed by : Rev. Suk-Yong Yun
Rev Suk-Yong Yun’s rural life and 4-H career
Born in Korea 1949. with Soseong 4-H chairman 1964-1970,
Chonnam National University 4-H Research Group, Research Director. alumni. 1972.
Awarded 4 times for research paper presentation of Clover Feast by National University 4-H Research Association.
(Thesis on the 4-H movement, such as taking agricultural assignments, was published at Chonnam National University, Wonkwang University, Chosun University, and Chungnam National University)
Honam District University 4-H Research Association President 1973.
Graduated from Chonnam National University College of Veterinary Medicine 1980.
Completion of ARI Rural Leadership Department in Japan 1986.
Korea Fellowship for Rural Missions 1990-2006.
Koeran, rural missionaries.
Representative of Korea 4-H Task Council
#803, 105, River Hill APT, 47, Usan-ro Gwangsan-gu,
Gwangju Metropolitan City 62367 Suk-Yong Yun 082-10-7535-0684
What to do with 4-H activity
A. We invite you as a “4-H task completion volunteer leader.”
Invite two volunteer leaders from each village and help them engage in the “4-H Task Completion Volunteer Leader” activity.
B. We invite you as “4-H Leader.”
In each village, there are 40 to 100 men and women aged 10 to 35 years old. At least 20 people can participate in this training.
1. Eba 2. Ruby Gan 3. San Peter. etc., total 10
C. Specific details to proceed with the 4-H activity
1. On the 10th of every month, a one-hour meeting will be held in each village at 9:00 am or 8:00 pm . All of the participants should be the one to decide during meetings. Minutes of meeting should have composed of the date and time of the meeting and the list of participants. The discussion and the result of the meeting must also be included. Preparation of materials for 4-H activities such as meeting minutes may cost 20,000 pesos. [each group 2,000 p]
2. Only simple cabbage, radish, and several kinds of seeds are purchased equally, but half of the total price is paid in Korea. 20,000 pesos [each group 2,000 pesos]
3. Individual tasks are recorded in the task book provided by the Korean 4-H Task Council.
4 Buy each group a sickle to cut grass on the mountain. They will do this by themselves to make manure from a linen. A monetary prize will be awarded to 1st to 5th place. 1st place 500 pesos, 2nd place 300 pesos, 3rd place 200 pesos, 4th place 100 pesos, 5th place 50 pesos, total 1150 pesos 10 villages have a total of 11,500 pesos.
[ each group is subject for adjustment]
However, if another substance enters the examination and hits it, it is checked on the same day and excluded from the evaluation. The product is provided, and while pouring water, it is covered with plastic and rotted. Use after 6 months to 1 year. It is urgent to do this exercise. A prize is given to those who attend regular meetings and attend at least half of them.
5. In the second month of sowing, the president's group or the participants of the evaluation meeting will award the 5th place based on 10 points for the management and growth of crops. Take a picture of your entire companion and a personal picture in front of the crop and send it to the leader.
1st place 500 pesos, 2nd place 300 pesos, 3rd place 200 pesos, 4th place 100 pesos, 5th place 50 pesos, total 1150 pesos 10 villages have a total of 11,500 pesos. [ each group is subject for adjustment)]
The performance will also be compared monthly and can be evaluated by the members. The monetary prize will be given to those with excellent grades. In this way, we apply the Head, Heart, Hand and Health movement to educate people in making crops grow and do well with each other. Total 630,000 pesos
C. Actual Progress and Administrative Alternatives
6. For every meeting, one must send photo and with name to the municipal hall administration on Facebook, including the following. Suk-Yong Yun who observes, inspects, and guides data from time to time.
This is what most countries do. They recruit 20 people, 2 in each of ten villages, and pay 1000 pesos for 3 days. They give 300 pesos daily for the motorcycle for their transportation and held general meetings 2-3 times a year while village meetings are held once a month. Confirmation of permission by list and phone number, “4-H task completion volunteer leader” 2 people per village.
4-H Flag making. Headquarters “San Jose County 4-H Federation”, one for each village. 10,000 or 25 million?
First meeting at San Jose Municipal Hall; 2nd meeting at Tarlac City Hall and 3rdmeetingat SanPedro, Iba, SanJose, Tarlac== Lecturer sandinvitee sarethemayorandcityper sonalities.
external instructors; Lecturer: Governor of Tarlac. San Jose Mayor 15 minutes San Jose Executive Director]
Regional 4-H Cooperative Movement [Instructor ; Missionary Suk-Yong Yun 20 minutes]
Pastor Ibaro Raleigh Pig. 10 minutes meal 60 minutes total 120 minutes
Invite two volunteer leaders from each village to help them engage in the “4-H Task Completion Volunteer Leader” activity.
Be sure to record the journal and send a photo of the journal until the next day after the meeting.
1. Send the amount of each seed through a photo.
2. On the day of mowing, photos and lists of people gathered at 9 am, and photos of all the participants with their names and ranks written on their faces in front of the compost at 6 pm must be documented through videos. Each village president must send a photo of each accomplished assignment every three months. Instructor fee is 1000 pesos each.
3. Of course, missionary Yun Suk-yong does the assignments according to his many experiences and rural leaders.
Accordingly, it is necessary to establish the budget for the efficiency of all processes, such as material cost, product cost, meeting cost, and activity cost. Let's make this model one to proceed well according to plans.
The general conference lecturer is conducted by three outsiders and a missionary.
4. Financial total; 1. Materials for organizing groups 20,000 pesos Seeds 20,000 pesos 2. Mowing competition 11,500 pesos. 3. Crop Evaluation Meeting For 10 villages, it is 11,500 pesos. At the time of initial recruitment, 2,000 pesos for 3 days of mobilization expenses. At the city hall meeting, the price of motorcycle oil is 300 pesos, 10 villages 3 times a year. 9000 pesos. Meeting fee 300x20 people = 6000 years total 630,000 pesos
5. You can start with a small amount at first depending on your money preparation or financial situation.
6. Participation in 4-H meeting may be restricted. The names of attendees and photos of attendees are sent to the city hall every month. Based on this, 50% or more of the participants who provide guidance or seeds for assignments are limited to 70% or more of those present for mowing or task prize money.
노회 필리핀 What is the missionary work that relieves poverty with the gospel?
Rev. Suk-Yong Yun, missionary to the Philippines
Korea Presbyterian Church
082-10-7535-0684 syoyun@hanmail.net
In Korea or the Philippines, no significant change is observed in the vicinity of one year. However, it is observed in Korea that a lot has changed after 10 or 30 years.
As a foreign missionary pastor in the Philippines since 1997, I had the opportunity to go to the Philippines 25 times or more for 20 days or more every year and since 2010, I hve been a missionary in the Philippines for 10 years and what has changed in these 25 years? Sorry but I can't find it.
In some areas of large corporations, development is rewarded with hundreds of billions of incomes. However, rural areas and life-related fields has only limited revenues. So, the government provides support. It is expensive to buy fish for 10,000 pesos.
However, the method of catching fish already costs one million pesos. So, people are looking for only the fish they need right away. However, sometimes, they are lazy. They don’t put a lot of effort in catching fish. This is especially true for rural churches. This is my experience for 15 years as rural missionary who works as in charge of the Korea Rural Missions Association since 1989.
Wherever you are, you don't know that building a church by spending a lot of money is like getting a star. But when a baby is born, no one wants that baby to not grow and mature. That is why we want them to be saved and continue to help them grow and become competent people in society. However, there are two churches in the village of 100 houses in the mission field. Most of them were built in Korea. As churches are built and no longer sponsored,
they will become either stagnant or of little value. The aging Korean rural churches are not self-reliant at around 50%, so they are full-time pastors. At the same time, there was still interest on how a self-reliant Filipino churches are. However, it is indeed very disappointing because it is a difficult reality that cannot be improved.
In other words, 99% of rural churches in the Philippines are not fully-pledged, and most pastors have other livelihoods in other regions. As a missionary, I have a lot of interest in rural churches, so I often visited such churches.
I am not talking about the part that I am trying to get rich as a pastor. But when do people change? To what extent does it have to change in life?
Korea in the year 1970s was also very poor but now, Korean society has become richer and has changed a lot for democracy took place. Still, there are many big thieves who disturb society, but some also changed for the better.
I went to veterinary school to help some rural villages to come out from poverty. However, becoming a pastor has a different view of wealth. There are still too many poor people. So, I thought a lot about on how to help Philippines. However, everyone knows that it is necessary to awaken them with the gospel and make people through with some kind of movement. So as of now, there are many churches and many other institutions adopting this.
In the United States, 4-H began in 1905-1914. 75 countries in Korea Solidarity Global 4-H Network was launched and the 1st Global 4-H Network World Congress was held since 2014. In this way, the 4-H movement is a movement for human development and food self-sufficiency that the country should do. In addition, the 4-H activities are activities that wakes up people. As everyone knows, the future of a country depends on its youth. Therefore, the 4-H movement, which started under the 4-H spirit centered on Head Heart Hand Health, was strongly carried out not only in the United States but also in Korea.
Hence, the Philippines needs more and more 4-H activation too. In the 1970s, I did the Korean Rural 4-H activities. I also served as the president of the Honam District University 4-H Research Association. At the same time, I saw a lot about rural projects in Korea and the Philippines. However, there is also a rural guidance center in the Philippines. It is difficult to find ways to improve life or improve quality of life. However, you need 4-H activities that opens the way for you to do it on your own. There is a saying that even the state cannot afford poverty. So, although it is very late, I am rethinking the 4-H activities. I have seen for a long time that there is no 4-H advance because Korean 4-H members do not complete their assignments.
Many have agreed with me, so I started the process in the Korea 4-H Project Council. Those with 4-H experience were invited as “4-H task completion volunteer leaders”. https://youtu.be/K_eMENp5FfI
So, how would you do the 4-H exercises in the Philippines? You have to Imagine it. Perhaps, if a pastor does the 4-H movement in the local area, evangelism is easier and I see it as a very good tool to improve their quality of living. It's not just about doing 4-H exercises; it is also something that can be done in combination. In Japan, I watched closely for one year in 1985, farmers were into two: first-class farmers and second-class farmers. All developments and ideas come from God. However, some wisdom is sufficiently rewarded in modern times. In particular, things related to rural areas suffer. Then, what God did to the little ones in Matthew 25, was also done to me. It is divided into eternal life and eternal punishment.
However, no matter how you look at it, there are still very few professional farmers in the Philippines. Rice farming is done in each village but field crops are rare. Food in the market is only produced in special areas. Koreans are a little more developed and are making great progress. But developing countries are far too different in that respect. Therefore, it is difficult to see production activities in fields in ordinary villages. People without farming experience can only plant crops in the ground and harvest once. Also, since there is no organic matter, there will be no more computation from next year onwards. So, because the harvest is not the expected one, the land found less used by everyone.
Therefore, it is necessary to guide the production of organic matter even from the mowing movement. In Korea, too, around 1960, the mowing movement was established as a vigorous movement. It is urgent to start the farming movement by giving a monetary prize according to the degree of zeal for mowing. In addition, self-education should be provided through regular 4-H meetings.
Who prepares the bell, and who puts it on the cat's neck? Year 2022
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