전자기본(1-1) 번역

[Jerry]

As the next follows, a technical description I've been for over 15 years is as a part of application adopted. and it is a software developed on the electrical hardware. so refer to the following. The below circuit diagrams connected to the MCU (Micro Control Unit) are controlled by a computer program. Please contact me when to any question as you arise.

The overview of Voltage/Current/Resistor and the load of power.

Signal sources through the electrical circuit for signal processing with such as comparator, amplifier, filter, inverter and impedance conversion, come to transfer. On the other side, collected signals from a variety of sensors through the signal conditioning circuit, sourced to the analog and digital ports on the Microcontroller come to be calculated by its internal CPU.

Regarded Load as R, R = V/I. Actually V = I*R, but R is called the ratio of R and V. R is physically the original resistor * length/ width. R by itself is used less than Ohm's law that is a relation between Voltage and Current. By using R enables to adjust for an appropriate operation of Voltage and Current. which creates Power.   

When regarded Load as Z, reactance is added. This is generating an active and reactive power and influenced by frequency and represented in jWl and 1/jWc forms on the complex plane and the reactances of Xl and Xc have the phase difference of 180 degree in the opposition.

Capacitance is like as C = Q/V, 1F is in case the charge of 1C is stored when 1V is applied to an insulation conductor and as an unique characteristics, proportional to the permittivity and area, inverse proportional to the distance between polarities. 

As in the seen above, when a frequency goes high, impedance converges to 0 and in the RC circuit can create a low-pass filter as an equation like fc(cut-off frequency) = 1/RC.  In the front circuit of operational amplifiers, using RC, the low-pass filter implements. The frequency higher then cut-ff, prior to be applied to the non inverting input, it is passed by to the ground. In other words. 

As known from the comparison of Xl and Xc, these are in difference of 180 deg phase. In case of Xl = Xc in the RLC serial circuit. R turns to be the minimum and then resonance frequency. Resistor is a basic component in the design of electronic circuit. There are a variety of resistors from the general to the chip. They consume by heat adjusting the amount of current and are usable together with active elements such as several kinds of  amplifier, buffer, filter and etc.

Transformer is an element to raising or dropping a voltage over the second side by a induced electromotive force over the first side in proportion with the turn ratio. The effects of separation between the first and second side come to use at insulation and cut down on the noise. Mutual-inductance is created as well as Eddy current loss and Hysteresis.  

Transistor is by using PNP type on the move of the hole or NPN type on the move of the electron as an active component in operation of over the threshold voltage(0.7 V). It consists of A, B, C type amplifier and uses in the combination of passive components such as Resistor, Capacitor and etc.

The example diagram works as a NPN type transistor. Blocking for a DC, a capacitor might be connected on the Base. By the moment of over 0.7 [V] for Vbe, the transistor turns on and Vce gets to connect. Vce is around 0.3 [V] in the saturation, connecting a resistor on the Collector in this circuit, a current is supplied to the Load.  

Field Effect Transistor is a control using an electric field generated. The threshold is about 0.2 [V] ~ 0.3 [V]. N/P channel is usable instead of transistor. Operational amplifier makes transistors or FETs into IC chips and composes of AND, OR, NAND, NOR. Connected to passive components such as Resistor and Capacitor can be applied to Inverting, Non-Inverting amplifier, filter and Impedance converter. 

Operational amplifiers bring an exact   amplification ratio. The upper is a circuit diagram as an inverting amplifier where the Input is connected to the - and the + to the ground. the ratio brings -R2/R1. 

The circuit diagram above is as a Non-Inverting amplifier. a signal source as an Input is connected to the + terminal and on the Output the current is calculated by Vin/R2. By the result, the output voltage obtains Vout = I(R1 + R2).