8월 모의고사 (듣기 낭독 부분)

[charliek]

[QUESTIONS 1-20] These directions are for Questions 1 through 20. During this section of the test, you will listen to a short passage, followed by a “ding” sound like this. Upon hearing this sound, chose one of the four choices on your test sheet that best completes the final sentence. I repeat, find a choice that best completes the final sentence. Are you ready? Let us begin.

[Passage 1]

Beijing has had water shortages partly because of its geography. The shortage in Beijing is set to reach crisis point in 2010, when the population is expected to top 17 million. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project, consisting of eastern, middle and western routes, is designed to divert water from the water-rich south of the country.

[Passage 2]

The reading of 82 was higher than customers gave banks overall — 78 in 2007 — suggesting they are more pleased with banks' online operations than with branches and call centers. Satisfaction is up partly because people are more comfortable banking online than they used to be. Other big reasons he cited include efforts by banks to boost security, allow more types of transactions, and ease navigation.

Q2.

[Passage 3]

Imagine—if you dare—a life without coffee. What would be the best part of waking up? What would we waste $4 on each morning? What would we put our Baileys in? We’re all so desperate for a cup of joe that coffee is, get this, the “second most traded commodity in the international community after petroleum”—according to Laura Stec and Eugene Cordero, authors of Cool Cuisine: Taking the Bite Out of Global Warming— with between 20 and 25 million farmers growing it around the world. That’s a lotta java, which is why every time a consumer chooses shade-grown coffee over conventional, it actually, really, seriously, truly does make a difference.

Q3.

[Passage 4]

How will you get solar panels hooked up to your utility? Well, now you can, at least if you live near Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. It's where the Open Sky Energy System has set up shop. You walk in and the folks there promise to get you on to solar, and maybe even off the grid, and they'll do all the paperwork.

Q4.

[Passage 5]

With so many people pitching in, it isn't surprising that Web sites often seem incoherent. A prime culprit is www.nationalrail.co.uk, the online information service for Britain's railroads. The site is so poorly planned that details of a single journey are spread across several screens, and printing the information gobbles up pages of paper. A link to "Timetables you can Print" just fobs you off with directions to other sites. Then there's www.ica.org.uk, the Web site of the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. It looks O.K. on-screen, at least it does on a Mac because the font is Georgia in an elegant shade of gray. But if you print a page, the gray type is so pale that it's barely discernible.

Q5.

[Passage 6]

For more years than anyone can count, Paris's ubiquitous cafes have brimmed with people lingering for hours on end with cigarettes over coffee or drinks; over platters of cheese or bowls of onion soup; over newspapers, novels or textbooks; over gossip, breakups, or political debate. But today these rebels find themselves more marginalized than romanticized.

Q6.

 

[Passage 7]

After World War II, the United States developed a forward-looking plan to promote understanding of its values around the world and to protect its national security. Programs of the U.S. Information Agency influenced millions of minds. In 1971, when I was 15, I first heard the Voice of America on a crystal radio set made by my brother. At that time, listening to "enemy radio" was an offense punishable by imprisonment, but I did it anyway. If anyone wonders why people in nations once behind the Iron Curtain remain largely pro-American, I can testify that VOA was a major factor. Today's "crystal sets" -- Internet, cable, cell phones -- are far more powerful and create the illusion of a free flow of information.

Q7.

 

[Passage 8]

Hunger is one of the most long-lived “social” problems facing the United States today. It is also the greatest opportunity we will have to transform our world into the kind of place God wants it to be. Contrary to conventional wisdom, of all our “social” problems, hunger is the most easily remedied.

Q8.

 

[Passage 9]

Facebook dislike button is not officially authorized by Facebook. In fact, the dislike button is something of a scam, according to Facebook. (For more on these kinds of security loopholes, and how to avoid them, check out our primer from a year or so back.) When users click on the link, they are brought to a relatively officially looking install page, and prompted for permission to download an application.

Q9.

 

[Passage 10]

Ford (F) wants the Feds to help it build and market an electric car. The vehicle manufacturer argues that if Congress does not give incentives to citizens who want to buy the expensive motor cars, they will go unsold. A car with a battery is more costly than the current generation of gas cars. But, if everyone had one, the Arctic ice ledge would stop melting.

Q10.

[Passage 11]

The mission of Techbridge is to encourage girls in technology, science and engineering. Techbridge offers after-school and summer programs with hands-on projects, career exploration opportunities, and academic and career guidance. Our mantra is to change girls' lives, one girl at a time, reflecting our philosophy to bring about significant change in a student's life through consistent, personal support and a dedication to increasing their choices for the future.

Q11.

 

[Passage 12]

Why are the employees there? What keeps them with your organization and stops them from going somewhere else? What makes the good days good? What makes them stick with the organization after a bad day or a bad week? Don't assume it's money--most people aren't that one-dimensional.

Q12.

 

[Passage 13]

What Joe and I had was something I like to call "E(mail)Chemistry" or "EChem" -- really hot technological chemistry. When you've got great EChem with someone, it can often be indicative of real chemistry, but sometimes, sadly, it is not. Why? My theory: E-mails, texts, Gchat, etc. all allow a person to develop what I've dubbed an "EPersona," i.e., their technological way of being.

Q13.

[Passage 14]

The food standards agency was condemned by leading consumer groups. The three groups accused the agency of prejudicing the government's own public debate on whether or not commercial genetically modified crops should be grown in the UK. The groups have written to the FSA chairman, criticizing the agency website for claiming to offer impartial information on the issue but giving "one side of the argument", and failing "to address the potential risks about the long-term health impact of genetic modification". The attack has intensified a rumbling row about whether or not the government has already made up its mind to give the green light to genetic modification of crops.

Q14.

 

[Passage 15]

Buy local. We know that every dollar spent in a locally owned store will kick around the community about seven times before it leaves. And buying local gives you that good feeling of helping your neighbors and fellow citizens who own those stores and employ people you know. So, while we won't ignore our other important goals, the economy will be our focus in 2009. And if we do it right, we won't just ride out the storm. We'll come out of it stronger then we were before.

Q15.

[Passage 16]

Nathalie Miebach, at first impression, could almost be mistaken for a toymaker. Reedy sculptures sprout from the floor and dangle from the ceiling. Tinkertoys come to mind – as does the Mad Hatter. ‘Hurricane Noel,’ made of wood, rope, reed, and data, depicts the ocean and meteorological conditions of hurricane Noel as it entered the Gulf of Maine in November 2007. But behind the joyful chaos is a precise order, one of surprising complexity and magnitude. Ms. Miebach creates art by translating weather data into baskets and sound.

Q16.

[Passage 17]

As the internet rapidly expands with ever more videos, web pages and posts, more ocean-spanning cable lines will be needed to string together this essential global computer network. In five to seven years, for example, the transatlantic fiber optic cables linking the United States to Europe will run out of capacity. But a crisis is not looming. Well before the internet slows to a crawl over these increasingly congested pipelines, a company or a consortium of companies will plunk down the funds for more bandwidth across the watery abyss.

Q17.

[Passage 18]

Rhode Island policymakers worked with the Pew Center and the US Justice Department to outline three policies to reduce prison spending. The first policy cuts an inmate's sentence – by as much as 10 days per month – for following institution rules. Another further trims sentence for inmates participating in programs designed to reduce recidivism.  Also, a criterion used to determine how likely an offender is to reoffend is part of deciding parole. The results were immediate. The average population of the prison dropped by 87 prisoners from the previous year, and 81 percent of the 4,278 people who completed prison terms during fiscal year 2009 had their sentences reduced by the new earned-time laws.

Q18.

[Passage 19]

China finally overtook Japan and became the world’s second-biggest economy, according to data released this week in Tokyo, which showed minimal GDP growth in the land of the rising sun, while its huge neighbor continued its blistering rise.

While some observers say the change in the economic world order is “purely symbolic,” others say it should act as a wake-up call to both countries – Japan to get its economic house in order, China to become more politically responsible.

Q19.

[Passage 20]

Researchers may find the sacrifice of a rare soft-body fossil worthwhile in their quest to understand how the first relatives of all creatures on Earth evolved. Though such soft-bodied creatures are absent from the fossil record elsewhere, the researchers suggest they may have been widespread long ago. "Small soft-bodied forms such as Drakozoon undoubtedly had a very low preservation potential," the researchers write in the most recent issue of the journal Biology Letters. Very few places in the world preserve these blobs by various flukes of nature. "Very few of these preserve them in 3-D, or in as fine detail as the Herefordshire site," Sutton said.

Q20.

[QUESTIONS 21-30] These directions are for Questions 21 to 30. During this section of the test, you will first listen to the comments of a man and a woman. For each set of comments, you will be asked two questions. Listen to the comments and questions carefully and choose the best answer. The comments and questions will be read only once. Ready? Here we go!

[Passage 21]

SPEAKER1:

Modern farming is one of the main sources of pollution in our rivers. Beef farming is one of the main causes of deforestation, and as long as people continue to buy fast food in their billions, there will be a financial incentive to continue cutting down trees to make room for cattle. Because of our desire to eat fish, our rivers and seas are being emptied of fish and many species are facing extinction. Energy resources are used up much more greedily by meat farming than my farming cereals, pulses etc. Eating meat and fish not only causes cruelty to animals, it causes serious harm to the environment and to biodiversity.

SPEAKER2:

All of the problems the proposition mention would exist without meat farming and fishing. Deforestation has been going on for centuries as human civilisations expand, but can now be counteracted by planting sustainable forests. There are many worse sources of pollution than farmers, and in any case farmers of vegetables, cereal crops etc. use nitrates, pesticides, and fertilisers, which damage the environment - it is not just meat farmers. Finally, the energy crisis is a global one which must have its solution in the efficient use of natural resources and the development of alternative sources of energy - it makes no sense to pick on meat farmers - they are a tiny drop in the ocean.

Q21. How is speaker 2 replying to speaker 1?

Q22. Which of the following is TRUE?

 [Passage 22]

SPEAKER1:

Although in principle it is more important to reduce human suffering that to prevent animal suffering, in practice it is possible (and absolutely right) to keep animal suffering to an absolute minimum. Animal experimenters should aspire to the highest levels of animal welfare in their laboratories, using anaesthetics wherever possible and keeping animals in clean, comfortable, and healthy conditions. In short, it is possible to experiment on animals without being cruel to animals.

SPEAKER2:

Past experience has shown what invaluable advances can be made in medicine by experimenting on animals, and that live animals are the most reliable subjects for testing medicines and other products for toxicity. In many countries (e.g. the US and the UK) all prescription drugs must be tested on animals before they are allowed onto the market. To ban animal experiments would be to paralyse modern medicine, to perpetuate human suffering, and to endanger human health by allowing products such as insecticides onto the market before testing them for toxicity.

Q23. Which of the following best represents speaker 2’s stance on 18-year-olds?

Q24. Which of the following is TRUE?

[Passage 23]

SPEAKER1:

Protecting endangered species is an extension of our existing system of ethics. Just as modern civilisation protects its weaker and less able members, so humanity should safeguard the welfare of other less privileged species. Animals are sentient creatures whose welfare we should protect (even if they may not have the same full 'rights' that we accord to human beings).

SPEAKER2:

No species on earth would put the interest of another species above its own, so why should human beings be any different? Furthermore, since the very beginnings of life, Nature has operated by the Darwinian principle of "survival of the fittest". Life forms that cannot keep up with the newest species on the block will always risk extinction, unless they adapt to the new challenge. Man has no obligation to save the weaker species; if they cannot match our pace, they deserve to die out and be supplanted by others.

Q25. What are the overall positions of the two speakers towards dairy products?

Q26. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

[Passage 24]

SPEAKER1:

It is now almost universally acknowledged among the scientific community that emissions are seriously damaging the ecosystem. The most serious threat is climate change. The effects of global warming on the current ecosystem include an increase in desertification, rising sea levels as well as the 'El Niño' phenomenon occurring more often. This is in addition to other effects such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.

SPEAKER2:

Virtually everything that was mentioned in point one was caused by the industrialisation of now developed countries. If developing countries, which have about five times as much population as the developed world, were to industrialise unchecked the effect could well be catastrophic. For example, sea level rises would flood millions of homes in low-lying areas such as Bangladesh. Increased crop failure would kill many more. But whereas developed countries would have a chance of protecting themselves from such effects developing countries would be the worst hit. The developing world has, so far, not acted itself to prevent environmental disaster and so the developed world must act in order to save literally billions of lives.

Q27. Which of the following is the most relevant as speaker 1’s reply to speaker 2’s comments?

Q28. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

[Passage 25]

SPEAKER1:

Genetic modification is unnatural. There is a fundamental difference between modification via selective breeding and genetic engineering techniques. The former occurs over thousands of years and so the genes are changed much more gradually. Genetic modification will supposedly deliver much but we have not had the time to assess the long-term consequences. In addition, many of the claims made by the companies have now been shown to be false. For example, a recent study by the Soil Association shows that GM crops do not increase yield. Another example is a frost-resistant cotton plant that ended up not ripening.

SPEAKER2:

Genetic modification is entirely natural. The process of crop cultivation by selective breeding, which has been performed by farmers for thousands of years, leads to exactly the same kind of changes in DNA as modern modification techniques do. Current techniques are just faster and more selective. In fact, given two strands of DNA, created from the same original strand, one by selective breeding and one by modern modification techniques it is impossible to tell which is which. The changes caused by selective breeding have been just as radical as current modifications. Wheat, for example, was cultivated, through selective breeding, from an almost no-yield rice-type crop into the super-crop it is today.

Q29. Which of the following best describes the two speakers attitudes towards violent video games?

Q30. Which of the following is TRUE?

[QUESTIONS 31-37] These directions are for Questions 31 to 37. During this section of the test, you will first listen to a short passage, which will be followed by a question. Listen to the passage and question carefully and choose your answer. The passage and question will be read only once. Ready? Let’s begin!

[Passage 26]

Last month the church unveiled a tightening of its own rules for dealing with abusers that fell far short of what the world demands. A “statute of limitations” for child-abuse was extended by ten years; people aged up to 38 can now file charges against a priest, under church law, for harm suffered when they were minors. Too bad if a victim feels emboldened to speak out at the age of 39. A faster procedure for defrocking priests—one that risks giving the innocent little opportunity for self-defense—was introduced. At the same time, with stunning insensitivity, it was declared that “attempting to ordain a woman” as a priest would be treated as a serious offence.

Q31. Which of the following is TRUE?

Menopause may be evolutionarily adaptive because:

[Passage 27]

Israel and Hizbullah, the Lebanese Shia party-cum-militia, fought a full-blown war here four summers ago. Despite the withdrawal of Hizbullah fighters and their replacement by ill-equipped Lebanese army conscripts, and despite the presence of a beefed-up 12,000-strong UN peacekeeping force, tension has been rising. The inconclusive war of 2006, which started when Hizbullah fighters attacked a similar Israeli patrol, has left the Israeli army itching to smash the guerrillas for good, particularly since their arsenal now includes thousands of bigger and better missiles, but also because Hizbullah is funded by, and loyal to, Israel’s biggest bugbear, Iran.

Q32. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

[Passage 28]

Belgian blues are so big because their genes for a protein called myostatin, a hormone that regulates muscle growth, do not work properly. Dr Bradley has launched a four-pronged attack on the myostatin in his trout. First, he has introduced a gene that turns out a stunted version of the myostatin receptor, the molecule that sits in the surface membrane of muscle cells and receives the message to stop growing. The stunted receptor does not pass the message on properly. He has also added two genes for non-functional variants of myostatin. These churn out proteins which bind to the receptors, swamping and diluting the effect of functional myostatin molecules. Finally, he has added a gene that causes overproduction of another protein, follistatin. This binds to myostatin and renders it inoperative.

Q33. Which of the following is TRUE?

[Passage 29]

After Jamie Waller left school at 16 he spent five years working long hours as a bailiff before quitting to spend a year travelling the world. But in Australia, Waller, now 31, struck up a business making camper vans for other tourists, and ended up staying put for a while. "I bought a round-the-world ticket, planning to do all the usual places – Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and Cambodia in my gap year," says Waller. "I needed time away to think, and I withdrew A$1,000 (£577) on my credit card, planning to work when the money ran out. Once I'd arrived in Australia, I wanted to buy a VW camper van to tour around – like just about every other tourist out there. But after spending three days looking for a decent van, I could only find ones that were a total dump, having been driven around 20 years by other travelers, yet still cost thousands of dollars."

Q34. Which of the following is TRUE?

[Passage 30]

The UK's first drive-through supermarket is being launched by Tesco this week.

But drivers will not be steering their vehicles up and down the aisles. The service, being tested at a Tesco Extra store in Baldock, Hertfordshire, allows customers to order their groceries online and pick them up at the supermarket without leaving their car. Staff will pack the shopping into the boot.

The concept, which if successful could be rolled out across the country, is aimed at customers who want the convenience of online shopping but don't have time to wait at home for their groceries to be delivered.

Q35. Which of the following is TRUE?

 [Passage 31]

How firms cope with funding crunch depends partly on their government’s muscle. Germany’s medium-sized banks, for example, are weak and have big refinancing needs, but can still borrow at very low rates because investors reckon the state has the strength to back them. Now that the draft “Basel 3” rules on banks’ funding have also just been watered down, these firms may be able to carry on much as before.

That luxury does not exist in countries with weaker public finances (such as Spain) or with supersized banking systems too (Britain). There, banks with big funding gaps could just pray that markets recover and until then rely on central banks and state guarantees to roll over their debts

Q36. Which of the following is TRUE?

[Passage 32]

When it comes to job titles, we live in an age of rampant inflation. Everybody you come across seems to be a chief or president of some variety. Title inflation is producing its own vocabulary: “uptitling” and “title-fluffing”. It is also producing technological aids. One website provides a simple formula: just take your job title, mix in a few grand words, such as “global”, “interface” and “customer”, and hey presto. The rot starts at the top. Not that long ago companies had just two or three “chief” whatnots. Now they have dozens, collectively called the “c-suite”.

Q37. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

[QUESTIONS 38-45] These directions are for Questions 38 to 45. During this section of the test, you will listen to longer passages than in the previous section. For each passage, you will be asked two questions. Listen to the passage and questions carefully and choose the best answer. The passage and questions will be read only once. Ready? Here we go!

[Passage 33]

Americans don't know squat about how to save energy. A new survey quizzed people on what steps make the biggest difference in cutting energy use and found loads of confusion. Participants greatly overrated low-impact moves like flipping off light switches and unplugging phone chargers. They underrated potential high-impact changes like weatherizing homes, buying high-performing appliances, driving higher-mileage vehicles, and switching from centralized A/C to room air conditioners.

Twelve percent hurt themselves by trying to disconnect their light switches when not in use. OK, not really, but the actual results were nearly as crazy. About 2.8 percent of those responding said they could save energy by sleeping or relaxing more, as Felicity Barringer notes. That compares with 2.1 percent who said they could do so by insulating their homes.

"Participants estimated that line-drying clothes saves more energy than changing the washer's settings and estimated that a central air-conditioner uses only 1.3 times the energy of a room air-conditioner," wrote the researchers from Columbia University's Earth Institute.

Q38. Which of the following would be the sentiment the speaker might have felt at the reunion?

Q39. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

 [Passage 34]

Fifty-eight pilot whales have died after they were washed up on to an isolated beach in northern New Zealand. Rescue volunteers' initial efforts to refloat 15 others that survived failed earlier today. New Zealand frequently sees several mass whales stranding around its coastline, mainly each summer as whales pass by on their migration to and from Antarctic waters. Scientists have not been able to determine why whales become stranded.

A pod of 101 pilot whales were stranded on the same beach in 2007. Kimberly Muncaster, chief executive of the Project Jonah whale aid group, said the 15 surviving whales were in "fairly poor condition". About 40 people tried to refloat them at high tide on Friday. Among those helping the department were trained volunteers from the Far North Whale Rescue group. Davies said the 15 whales would not need to be sedated for Saturday's second rescue attempt using the heavy equipment as they were already in quite a docile state.

New Zealand has one of the world's highest rates of whale stranding, according to the Department of Conservation. Since 1840, more than 5,000 stranding of whales and dolphins have been recorded around its coast.

Q40. Which of the following is TRUE?

Q41. Which of the following the speaker thinks is a factor that would not affect the market?

[Passage 35]

The Traverse theatre in Edinburgh has a cute name for this year's series of morning play readings: Impossible Things Before Breakfast. Technically, it's a misnomer – your ticket includes breakfast, or at least a bacon buttie and a splash of coffee – but in other respects the title, borrowed from Alice in Wonderland, seems fair enough.

Last year, festival audiences had to endure hostage crises and were forced to act out chunks of the script. This year, Simon Stephens dwells on the fallout from a stabbing in T5, while Linda McLean's new play This Is Water is a verbatim account of interrogation. Quite a lot to deal with at 9am, especially if you've a hangover the size of Arthur's Seat.

Now the Traverse is attempting something that, while not impossible, would once have seemed recklessly ambitious: tonight it is beaming these two playlets and three more to 30 cinemas around the UK and Ireland. The theatre is not, of course, the first to do such a thing. In 2006, the Metropolitan Opera in New York began high-definition satellite broadcasts to cinemas around the world; last year, London's National Theatre followed suit, bringing plays, including Helen Mirren in Racine's Phèdre, to as many as 200,000 people globally. A few weeks ago, London's Donmar – whose tiny space and enormous buzz can make it tough to get a ticket – announced that this autumn's King Lear would be simulcast.

Q42. Which of the following is TRUE about the speaker?

Q43. Which of the following doesn’t go in line with the speaker’s thinking?

[Passage 36]

Heartless folk might assume that people in the lower social classes will be more self-interested and less inclined to consider the welfare of others than upper-class individuals, who can afford a certain noblesse oblige. A recent study, however, challenges this idea. Experiments by Paul Piff suggested precisely the opposite. It is the poor, not the rich, who are inclined to charity.

In his first experiment, Dr Piff recruited 115 people. To start with, these volunteers were asked to engage in a series of bogus activities, in order to create a misleading impression of the purpose of the research. Eventually, each was told he had been paired with an anonymous partner seated in a different room. Participants were given ten credits and advised that their task was to decide how many of these credits they wanted to keep for themselves and how many (if any) they wished to transfer to their partner. They were also told that the credits they had at the end of the game would be worth real money and that their partners would have no ability to interfere with the outcome.

The average number of credits people gave away was 4.1. However, an analysis of the results showed that generosity increased as participants’ assessment of their own social status fell. Those who rated themselves at the bottom of the ladder gave away 44% more of their credits than those who put their crosses at the top, even when the effects of age, sex, ethnicity and religiousness had been accounted for.

[김지인]

우와! 감사합니다! ^^ 주말에 꼼꼼히 살펴보고, 반드시 LC 극복해야겠어요 ㅠㅠㅠ 화이팅!! 샘 즐거운 주말 되세요 ^^

[charliek]

지인 씨, 그대도 즐겁고 재충전하는 주말 되길...^^