1. 영구평화론
I. Kant는 「법률학의 형이상학적 기본원리」 (Metaphysische Aufangsgründe der Rechtslehre)나 「영구평화론」(Zum Ewigen Frieden)에서 6개 예비조항과 3개 확정조항을 표현하였다.
2. 내용
가. 6개 예비조항(적극적조건)
⑴ 장래전을 비밀리에 유보하고 있는 강화조약의 무효
⑵ 상속・교환・매매・증여에 의한 독립국이양의 금止
⑶ 상비군의 폐지
⑷ 암살・독살 등 비인도적 해적수단의 금지
⑸ 전쟁유발 가능성 있는 국채발행금지
⑹ 타국의 국내문제 불간섭
나. 3개 확정조항(소극적조건)
⑴ 공화제적인 국가구성
⑵ 자유로운 연방을 기초로 한 국제법
⑶) 세계시민으로서의 인권존중
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"Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch" (German: Zum ewigen Frieden. Ein philosophischer Entwurf) is a 1795 essay by Immanuel Kant.
Summary
In this essay, Kant proposed a peace program to be implemented by governments. The "Preliminary Articles" described these steps that should be taken immediately, or with all deliberate speed:
1."No secret treaty of peace shall be held valid in which there is tacitly reserved matter for a future war"
2."No independent states, large or small, shall come under the dominion of another state by inheritance, exchange, purchase, or donation"
3."Standing armies shall in time be totally abolished"
4."National debts shall not be contracted with a view to the external friction of states"
5."No state shall by force interfere with the constitution or government of another state"
6."No state shall, during war, permit such acts of hostility which would make mutual confidence in the subsequent peace impossible: such are the employment of assassins (percussores), poisoners (venefici), breach of capitulation, and incitement to treason (perduellio) in the opposing state"
Three Definitive Articles would provide not merely a cessation of hostilities, but a foundation on which to build a peace.
1."The civil constitution of all states to be republican"
2."The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states"
3."The law of world citizenship shall be limited to conditions of universal hospitality"