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jackson_lottery.pdf

로터리는 6월27일 인구 300명의 농촌에서 발생한 일은 아침의 부락풍경을 묘사하면서부터 시작한다. 광장에 아이들이 먼저 모이고 가장이 그리고 마지막으로 여인들이 모인다. 춤이나 모임이 시작하듯이 자연스럽게 추첨은 시작된다. 추첨통은 가장 나이많은 77세의 노인이 태어나기 전부터 사용되었고 몇 번이나 고쳤다. 먼저 세대주의 추첨을 했고 빌 허치슨 세대가 선정되었다.

그의 부인 테시는 추첨시간을 적게 주었다며 항의를 한다. 빌이 제지하자 가구원의 추첨에 시집간 딸과 사위를 포함해야한다고 주장한다. 하지만 그녀는 사위가 세대주로 추첨을 했기 때문에 제외되는 것이 맞다. 결국 부부와 세명의 아이들이 추첨을 한다. 결국 테시가 낙첨되어 주민들이 돌을 던지기 시작한다. 그녀를 죽어가면서 정당하지않다고 계속 소리친다.

처음 이 단편을 읽었을 때 느낀 점은 왜 아무 이익이 없이 사람을 죽이는가 였다. 하지만 잭슨이 이 소설을 발표했을 당시가 2차세계대전이 마무리된 1948년이라는 점을 고려하면 그 사실보다 사회고발적인 면에서 이해할 수도 있겠다는 생각을 했다. 80여년 이상의 전통이 아무 이유도 없는데도 꺼리낌없이 지속되었다는 점은 어쩌면 살인과 같이 극단적이지는 않을지라도 우리 사회가 아무 생각없이 살고있지는 않는가 하는 생각이 들었다.

그것은 사회만이 아니다. 개인도 아무 생각없이 살던 그대로 살아간다. 그래서 크리스마스 캐럴에 나오는 스크루지도 어릴 때 시작한 수전노 생활을 충분한 재산을 모았음에도 지속하고 있었다. 그는 크리스마스 유령의 도움으로 삶의 방식을 바꾸게되었지만 우리자신은 어떤가? 그러한 계기가 되는 것이 좋은 책이나 영화를 봐야하는 이유가 충분히 될 것이다.

The Lottery

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This article is about the short story. For other uses, see Lottery (disambiguation).

"The Lottery"
Author	Shirley Jackson
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre(s)	Short story
Publisher	The New Yorker
Publication date	June 26, 1948

"The Lottery" is a short story by Shirley Jackson, written in the month of its first publication, in the June 26, 1948, issue of The New Yorker.^[1] The story describes a fictional small town which observes—as do many other communities, both large and small, throughout contemporary America—an annual ritual known as "the lottery." It has been described as "one of the most famous short stories in the history of American literature."^[2]

The initially negative response to the story surprised both Jackson and The New Yorker. Readers canceled subscriptions and sent hate mail throughout the summer.^[3] The Union of South Africa banned the story.^[4]

Contents

 [hide] 

• 1 Plot
• 2 Reception
  • 2.1 Readers
  • 2.2 Critical interpretations
• 3 Dramatizations
  • 3.1 1951 radio version
  • 3.2 Television adaptation
  • 3.3 1969 film
  • 3.4 1996 TV film
• 4 References
• 5 Sources
• 6 External links
  • 6.1 Audio

Plot[edit]

Details of contemporary small-town American life are embroidered upon a description of an annual ritual known as "the lottery." In a small village of about 300 residents, the locals are in an excited yet nervous mood on June 27. Children gather stones as the adult townsfolk assemble for their annual event, which in the local tradition is practiced to ensure a good harvest (Old Man Warner quotes an old proverb: "Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon"), though there are some rumors that nearby communities in the north are talking about giving up the lottery.

The lottery preparations start the night before with Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves making the paper slips and the list of all the families. Once the slips are finished, they are put into a black box, which is stored overnight in a safe at the coal company. The story briefly mentions how the ballot box has been stored other years in various places in the town.

On the morning of the lottery, the townspeople start close to 10 a.m. in order to have everything done in time for lunch. First, the heads of the households draw slips until every head of the household has a slip (for the first round, the men have to be over sixteen years of age). Bill Hutchinson gets the one slip with a black spot, meaning that his family has been chosen. The second round is for the individual family members to draw, no matter their age. Bill's wife Tessie gets the marked slip. After the drawing is over and Tessie is picked, the slips are allowed to fly off into the wind. In keeping with tradition, each villager obtains a stone and begins to surround Tessie. The story ends as Tessie is stoned to death while she bemoans the unfairness of the situation.

Reception[edit]

Readers[edit]

Many readers demanded an explanation of the situation in the story, and a month after the initial publication, Shirley Jackson responded in the San Francisco Chronicle (July 22, 1948):

Explaining just what I had hoped the story to say is very difficult. I suppose, I hoped, by setting a particularly brutal ancient rite in the present and in my own village to shock the story's readers with a graphic dramatization of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives.

Jackson lived in North Bennington, Vermont, and her comment reveals that she had Bennington in mind when she wrote "The Lottery." In a 1960 lecture (printed in her 1968 collection, Come Along with Me), Jackson recalled the hate mail she received in 1948:

One of the most terrifying aspects of publishing stories and books is the realization that they are going to be read, and read by strangers. I had never fully realized this before, although I had of course in my imagination dwelt lovingly upon the thought of the millions and millions of people who were going to be uplifted and enriched and delighted by the stories I wrote. It had simply never occurred to me that these millions and millions of people might be so far from being uplifted that they would sit down and write me letters I was downright scared to open; of the three-hundred-odd letters that I received that summer I can count only thirteen that spoke kindly to me, and they were mostly from friends. Even my mother scolded me: "Dad and I did not care at all for your story in The New Yorker," she wrote sternly; "it does seem, dear, that this gloomy kind of story is what all you young people think about these days. Why don't you write something to cheer people up?"^[3]

The New Yorker kept no records of the phone calls, but letters addressed to Jackson were forwarded to her. That summer she regularly took home 10 to 12 forwarded letters each day. She also received weekly packages from The New Yorker containing letters and questions addressed to the magazine or editor Harold Ross, plus carbon copies of the magazine's responses mailed to letter writers.

Curiously, there are three main themes which dominate the letters of that first summer—three themes which might be identified as bewilderment, speculation and plain old-fashioned abuse. In the years since then, during which the story has been anthologized, dramatized, televised, and even—in one completely mystifying transformation—made into a ballet, the tenor of letters I receive has changed. I am addressed more politely, as a rule, and the letters largely confine themselves to questions like what does this story mean? The general tone of the early letters, however, was a kind of wide-eyed, shocked innocence. People at first were not so much concerned with what the story meant; what they wanted to know was where these lotteries were held, and whether they could go there and watch.^[3]

Critical interpretations[edit]

Helen E. Nebeker's essay, "'The Lottery': Symbolic Tour de Force", in American Literature (March 1974), claims that every major name in the story has a special significance.

By the end of the first two paragraphs, Jackson has carefully indicated the season, time of ancient excess and sacrifice, and the stones, most ancient of sacrificial weapons. She has also hinted at larger meanings through name symbolism. "Martin", Bobby's surname, derives from a Middle English word signifying ape or monkey. This, juxtaposed with "Harry Jones" (in all its commonness) and "Dickie Delacroix" (of-the-Cross) urges us to an awareness of the Hairy Ape within us all, veneered by a Christianity as perverted as "Delacroix," vulgarized to "Dellacroy" by the villagers. Horribly, at the end of the story, it will be Mrs. Delacroix, warm and friendly in her natural state, who will select a stone "so large she had to pick it up with both hands" and will encourage her friends to follow suit ... "Mr. Adams," at once progenitor and martyr in the Judeo-Christian myth of man, stands with "Mrs. Graves"—the ultimate refuge or escape of all mankind—in the forefront of the crowd.

Fritz Oehlshlaeger, in "The Stoning of Mistress Hutchinson Meaning of Context in 'The Lottery'" (Essays in Literature, 1988), wrote:

The name of Jackson's victim links her to Anne Hutchinson, whose Antinomian beliefs, found to be heretical by the Puritan hierarchy, resulted in her banishment from Massachusetts in 1638. While Tessie Hutchinson is no spiritual rebel, to be sure, Jackson's allusion to Anne Hutchinson reinforces her suggestions of a rebellion lurking within the women of her imaginary village. Since Tessie Hutchinson is the protagonist of "The Lottery," there is every indication that her name is indeed an allusion to Anne Hutchinson, the American religious dissenter. She was excommunicated despite an unfair trial, while Tessie questions the tradition and correctness of the lottery as well as her humble status as a wife. It might as well be this insubordination that leads to her selection by the lottery and stoning by the angry mob of villagers.

The 1992 episode of The Simpsons, "Dog of Death", features a scene referencing "The Lottery". During the peak of the lottery fever in Springfield, news anchor Kent Brockman announces on television that people hoping to get tips on how to win the jackpot have borrowed every available copy of Shirley Jackson's book The Lottery at the local library. One of them is Homer, who throws the book into the fireplace after Brockman reveals that, "Of course, the book does not contain any hints on how to win the lottery. It is, rather, a chilling tale of conformity gone mad."^[5] In her book Shirley Jackson: Essays on the Literary Legacy, Bernice Murphy comments that this scene displays some of the most contradictory things about Jackson: "It says a lot about the visibility of Jackson's most notorious tale that more than 50 years after its initial creation it is still famous enough to warrant a mention in the world's most famous sitcom. The fact that Springfield's citizenry also miss the point of Jackson's story completely ... can perhaps be seen as an indication of a more general misrepresentation of Jackson and her work."^[5]

Dramatizations[edit]

In addition to numerous reprints in magazines, anthologies and textbooks, "The Lottery" has been adapted for radio, live television, a 1953 ballet, films in 1969 and 1997, a TV movie, an opera, and a one-act play by Thomas Martin.

1951 radio version[edit]

NBC's radio adaptation was broadcast March 14, 1951, as an episode of the anthology series NBC Presents: Short Story. Writer Ernest Kinoy^[6][7] expanded the plot to include scenes at various characters' homes before the lottery and a conversation between Bill and Tessie Hutchinson (Bill suggests leaving town before the lottery happens, but Tessie refuses because she wants to go shopping at Floyd Summers's store after the lottery is over). Kinoy deleted certain characters, including two of the Hutchinsons' three children, and added at least one character, John Gunderson, a schoolteacher who publicly objects to the lottery being held, and at first refuses to draw. Finally, Kinoy included an ending scene describing the townspeople's post-lottery activities, and an afterword in which the narrator suggested, "Next year, maybe there won't be a Lottery. It's up to all of us. Chances are, there will be, though."^[7] The production was directed by Andrew C. Love.^[6][8]

Television adaptation[edit]

Ellen M. Violett wrote the first television adaptation, seen on Albert McCleery's Cameo Theatre (1950–55).

1969 film[edit]

Larry Yust's short film, The Lottery (1969), produced as part of Encyclopædia Britannica's 'Short Story Showcase' series, was ranked by the Academic Film Archive "as one of the two bestselling educational films ever." It has an accompanying ten-minute commentary film, Discussion of "The Lottery" by University of Southern California English professor Dr. James Durbin. Featuring the film debut of Ed Begley, Jr., Yust's adaptation has an atmosphere of naturalism and small town authenticity with its shots of pick-up trucks and townspeople in Fellows, California.^[9]

1996 TV film[edit]

Anthony Spinner's feature-length TV film, The Lottery, which premiered September 29, 1996, on NBC, is a sequel loosely based on the original Shirley Jackson story. It was nominated for a 1997 Saturn Award for Best Single Genre Television Presentation.

References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ Shirley Jackson (26 June 1948). "Fiction: "The Cheating game" (abstract of story)". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2008-05-22. 
2. Jump up ^ Harris, Laurie Lantzen (1999). ''Biography Today'' Volume three. Salem Omnigraphics. ISBN 9780780804029. Retrieved 2012-06-26. 
3. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c} Shirley Jackson; Stanley Edgar Hyman (1968) Come Along with Me; Part of a Novel, Sixteen Stories, and Three Lectures, Viking Press, New York ISBN 978-0-6702-3158-4
4. Jump up ^ Hyman, Stanley Edgar. "Introduction", Just an Ordinary Day. Bantam, 1995.
5. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Murphy, Bernice M. (2005). "Introduction: 'Do You Know Who I Am?', Reconsidering Shirley Jackson". Shirley Jackson: Essays on the Literary Legacy. McFarland & Company. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7864-2312-5. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
6. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Goldin, J. David. "Radio Goldindex". NBC Short Story. Retrieved 9 July 2012. 
7. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} "NBC Short Story". The Lottery. The Generic Radio Workshop Vintage Radio Script Library. Retrieved July 9, 2012. 
8. Jump up ^ "NBC Short Story" (audio). "The Lottery". Matinee Classics. Retrieved July 9, 2012. 
9. Jump up ^ The Lottery at the Internet Movie Database

Sources[edit]

• Oppenheimer, Judy (1988), Private Demons: The Life of Shirley Jackson, New York: Putnam, ISBN 0-399-13356-9 .

External links[edit]

• Detailed plot summary of "The Lottery"
• Salon: Jonathan Lethem: "Monstrous Acts and Little Murders"
• "The Lottery" study guide and teaching guide – analysis, themes, quotes, multimedia for students and teachers

Audio[edit]

• The New Yorker podcast: A. M. Homes discusses and reads "The Lottery"
• NBC Short Story: "The Lottery" (March 14, 1951)
• "The Lottery" read by Maureen Stapleton
• 1988 interview with Judy Oppenheimer
• Full audio dramatization available free from WOUB Public Media (Athens, Ohio).

[hide] v t e Shirley Jackson
Novels	The Road Through the Wall (1948) Hangsaman (1951) The Bird's Nest (1954) The Sundial (1958) The Haunting of Hill House (1959) We Have Always Lived in the Castle (1962)
Short fiction	"The Lottery" (1948) "Charles" (1948) "The Possibility of Evil" (1965)
Collections	The Lottery and Other Stories (1949) Come Along With Me (1968)
Memoirs	Life Among the Savages (1952)
Related	Stanley Edgar Hyman (husband) Shirley Jackson Award The Haunting (1963 film) The Haunting (1999 film) We Have Always Lived in the Castle (film)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lottery&oldid=744904789"

Categories:

• 1948 short stories
• 1969 films
• 1996 television films
• Films based on short fiction
• Horror short stories
• Human sacrifice
• Short stories by Shirley Jackson
• Works originally published in The New Yorker
• Works about violence
• Dystopian literature
• Obscenity controversies in literature
• Short stories adapted into films