스크랩 우리말만 알면 거저 먹는 영어단어 expel,expectorant,expectorate,expectoration,peripheral ,perimeter,foreign 의 어원

[김판우]

어제 가래와 침에 관한 영어 spit과 sputum에 대해 이야기를 했었다.

오늘은 그 연장선으로 같은 뜻인 expectoration에 대해 이야기를 할까 한다.

expectoration 

상기도(上氣道)에서 폐에 이르는 호흡기계 분비물.

가래 뱉음; 뱉은 것

프랑스어사전

expectoration [εkspεktɔʀɑsjɔ̃] 

[여성명사] 1. 가래 뱉기 = crachement 2. 가래,담 = crachat

여기서 하나 웃기는 것은 프랑스말인데

crachement

우리말을 그대로 가져다 쓴다는 사실이다.

cra는 가래 이며

chem은 침이다.

고로 crachement는 가래침임니드-->가래침입니다의 경상도사투리 

프랑스어사전

crachement [kʀaʃmɑ̃]

[남성명사] 

1. (침·가래 따위를) 뱉기,(피 따위를) 토하기 

2.

남성명사 (가스·증기·불꽃 따위의) 분출

3.

사실 우리말의 풀어쓴 발음이 변형되었는 것이다.

왜 사람들은 그 사실을 눈치를 못 챌까?

그만큼 편견에 사로잡히면 아무것도 볼 수 없다.

하나의 틀 안에 가두어 놓고 사고를 하니 뭐가 보이겠나?

접두사 ex 바깥 밭 밖 밧

받침 ㄱ과 ㅅ이 모두 발음되는 x를 쓰는 까닭이다.

순경음 ㅂ 인 w는 생략이 잘된다.

고대발음은 더 강한 ㅍ발음이다.

foreigner외국인 에서 fore 역시 밖을 뜻한다.

조금 변형되면

스페인어사전

fuera  

[부사] (…의) 밖에[에서, 으로] 

우리말 벗다 벗어나다 의 어근 벗- 역시 바깥을 뜻한다.

아래어원자료를 보면 전세계적으로 이 말이 같다.

팥-->팓-->파르-->바르-->바흐-->박-->밖

팥-->밭-->받-->바르-->바흐-->박-->밖

펕-->벛-->벗 

우리말 밭-이라는 말은 아주 오래된 말이다.

밭사돈 안사돈 할때 밭-은 바깥사돈이다.

참고로 영어단어에 expel이라는 단어가 있다.

expel 추방하다,쫒아내다.

ex-->바깥

pel -->역시 바깥이라는 말이다.

빼다 의 활용형 뺄-->어원

밖으로 꺼내는 것을 빼다 라고 한다.

방 빼!

방에서 나가!

이 말도 인도 드라비다어에 녹아 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *veḷ-

Meaning : to go out, expel; outside

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *welV

Meaning: field

Indo-European: (*wel-)

Kartvelian: *wel-

Dravidian: *veḷ-

References: Bomhard 1996, 213.

Proto-South Dravidian: *veḷ-i-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *veḷ-i-

Meaning : open; outside

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : veḷi (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to be open or public, be vacant, empty; n. outside, open space, plain, space, intervening space, gap, room, openness, plainness, publicity

Tamil derivates : veḷiccam publicity; veḷippu outside, open space, enclosed space; veḷiyār outsiders, strangers

Malayalam : veḷi

Malayalam meaning : open field; notoriety; outside

Malayalam derivates : veḷiccam publicity

Kannada : beḷavāra

Kannada meaning : an outcaste

Number in DED : 5498

Proto-Telugu : *vel-

 

Proto-Telugu : *vel-

Meaning : the outside, exterior, excommunication; outside, external

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : veli

Additional forms : Also velalu to go or come out, start; velalucu to send out; [1] velārincu, [2] velārucu, [3] velārcu to send or drive out, cast out, make public; [1] velipar_acu, [2] velipuccu to make public or known; velipeṭṭu to excommunicate; velucu to drive, send out; velupala outside, exterior; outside, external; velupalincu to put outside, disclose, divulge; velu-vaḍu to come out, go out; [1] velavarincu, [2] velavarucu to send out, bring out; velayu to be known; vellaḍi open place, publicity, openness; vellāṭakamu making known, publishing, publicity; velliviri known, published

Number in DED : 5498

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *veḷ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *veḷ-

Meaning : to expel

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : valip- (valit-) "to expel, drive away"

Ollari Gadba : veṭ- "to flee"

Salur Gadba : veṭṭ- "to go out"

Additional forms : Also Parji (S) valkip- (valkit-) to chase

Number in DED : 5498

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vel- (*-ḷ-)

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vel- (*-ḷ-)

Meaning : outside

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : veli

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vel-i (*-ḷ-)

아래 인도 드라비다어 어원자료 보니 이런 말이 적혀 있네.

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) pedamayi outside; pedaḍɨ to come out, start

빼닫이

[명사] 1. ‘서랍(책상, 장롱, 화장대, 문갑 따위에 끼웠...)’의 방언(강원, 경상, 전라, 충북).

'서랍(Drawers)'을 이르는 경상도 사투리로서 지금은 쓰이지.ㅋㅋㅋ

어원자료를 보면 드라비다어 경상도사투리 일색이다.

이렇게 해서 경상도사람조상은 인도에서 왔다는 것을 증명하지.

하기사 영어의 고향인 산스크리트어도  경상도말이 졸라 많다.

엄밀히 말하면 부처는 네팔에서  태어났지만 인도문화권이라 인도로 해도 된다.

파키스탄,방글라데시도 영국식민지지배 이전에 인도였다.

범어라는 말이 우리말바탕으로 이루어져 있으니 우리계통의 사람이라는 말이

나도는 것도 이것 때문이다.

edge 어귀 역시 

ㅂ가 탈락된 말

벅-->억-->어귀(어기)

d,g,z,j는 발음상 왔다갔다하는 호환관계다.

사실 우리말 밖이라는 고대음 파르 를 알면 거저 먹는  영어단어

영어사전

peripheral 

1. (중요하지 않은) 주변적인, 지엽적인   2. 말초의; 주변부의   3. 주변적인

perimeter 

1. (어떤 구역의) 주위   2. 둘레(무엇의 가장자리를 한 번 도는 길이)

어근 pectoration ㅂ의 강한 발음인 ㅍ

퍁어냈음(뱉었냈음)---->어원

받침 n<-->m 비음호환

spit ㅅ퍁다 나 sputum도  ㅅ퍁음  모두 똑같이 뱉다를 기본형으로 한다.

expectorate 밖 뱉어냈다 --->어원

expectorant 밖 뱉어낸다 혹은 밖 뱉어내니드(뱉어냅니다의 경상도사투리)

Meaning : "outside" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *pur_-/*per_- (*-d_-)

Meaning : outside, exterior

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *ṗerV

Meaning: edge

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : PVRV

Meaning : edge, side

Eurasiatic : *ṗerV

Afroasiatic : Cush. *pVr- lip, face; Chad. *fVr- ground, Akk parattu Festland

Sino-Caucasian : *pV(ɦ)rV

Austric : *pVr

African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-bádì 'side'.

Notes : Several roots that need to be sorted out. Here Ainu *pra- 'mouth, edge'.

Reference : Peiros 1989, 129.

Indo-European: *per-

 

Proto-IE: *per-

Meaning: prep./adv.: around

Hittite: para 'vorwärts, hervor, hinaus' (Friedrich 159), piran 'vorn, voran' (170)

Tokharian: A ana-pär, B ene-pre (PT *ene-pre) 'before, in front of' (Adams 84); A pärne, B parna 'outside' (PT *päränā-i) (359); A pärwat, B parwe 'earlier, first' (PT *pärwe) (360)

Old Indian: pári adv. 'round, around', pári prp. 'around smth., over smth.'

Avestan: pairi prp. 'um-herum'

Other Iranian: OPers pariy prp. 'um-herum'

Old Greek: péri, perí, dial. pér adv. 'um herum, durch und durch', prf. 'über etwas hinaus, über, vorüber, herum, -um', vor Adj. 'sehr, überaus', prp. 'um--herum, in etwas umher, um (dē); um--herum, um (wegen); 'um (den Bereich einer Sache) herum; um (= in betreff), wegen'

Slavic: *per, *per-

 

Word: пере-

Near etymology: -- приставка: переходи́ть, перегороди́ть, перевяза́ть, переспроси́ть, переговори́ть; укр. пере-, блр. пере-, др.-русск. пере-, ст.-слав. прѣ-, болг. пре-, сербохорв. пре-, словен. рrе-, чеш. рřе-, слвц. рrе-, польск. рrzе-, в.-луж. рřе-, н.-луж. рśе-, диал. рŕе-; также в качестве предл.: слвц. рrе "для, ради, за, чтобы", польск. prze "через, из, от, ради, для", в.-луж. рřе -- то же, н.-луж. рśе; см. Торбьёрнссон 2, 48 и сл.

Further etymology: Родственно др.-прусск. реr "через, для, к", реr- "пере-, об-", лит. реr̃ "через, сквозь", pér- "пере-", жем., вост.-лит. раr, лтш. раr, pãr, др.-инд. pári, авест. pairi, гот. fair- "пере-", лат. реr (permagnus), греч. πέρι, περὶ (-i -- первонач. местн. ед., при род. п., отлож. п. в др.-инд. рuгás "перед", греч. πάρος "прежде, до", твор. в др.-инд. purā́ "прежде"; см. Мейе, Ét. 155; Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 865; Розвадовский, RS 2, 93; Траутман, ВSW 214 и сл.; М.--Э. 3, 86; Эндзелин, Лтш. предл. I, 155 и сл.; 2, 81 и сл.; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 156; Гюнтер, IF 20, 62; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 283 и сл.; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 264).

Pages: 3,236

Baltic: *per̂-, *par̂-

 

Proto-Baltic: *per̂-, *par̂-

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: pér-, dial. pár- prf., par- 'zurück, heim', per̃, dial. par̃ 'durch, über-weg, über-hin, um-herum, vermittels'

Old Prussian: per, par

Germanic: *furi, *fura; *fir-

 

Proto-Germanic: *furi, *fura; *fir-

Meaning: praep./adv.

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: fɔra; fɔrra

Old Norse: fyr 'vor, durch, wegen, trotz'; adv. ferri, fjarri

Swedish: för; fjär

Old English: fore; adv. feor(r); fore

English: far; for

Old Frisian: fore

Old Saxon: furi 'hervor, voraus, vor, für, wegen'; for(a), fore; adv. ferr; for(a), fore, far

Middle Dutch: vōre, voor

Dutch: voor

Middle Low German: vȫr

Old High German: furi prp. 'für, wegen, vor, statt', adv. 'voraus'; fora; ferro '(von) fern, weit (weg), weitab, weithin, hoch, viel, sehr', fer 'fern, wie' (8.Jh.); fora (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: vür(e) prp. (lokal) 'vor etw. jin, gegen, für, vorbei an, vorwärts, statt', (temporal) 'fernerhin, seit', adv. 'vor, nach vorne hin, hervor, voraus, vorbei, vorwärts' [= MG vur(e), vor(e)]; vor(e); verre 'fern, entfernt, weit, auswärtig, fremd'; vor(e)

German: für prp. 'anstätt, anstelle, zugunsten'; fern adj. 'weit weg, abgelegen, vor oder nach langer Zeit'; vor prd./adv.

References: WP II 29 ff

Comments: + *pres, *pros, *pr̥-, *p(e)ra, *prō̆, *proti, *pru, *porsō(d)

Altaic: *p`eri

 

Proto-Altaic: *p`èrì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: edge

Russian meaning: край

Turkic: *Erneg

 

Proto-Turkic: *Erneg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: edge (of a dish)

Russian meaning: край, кромка (посуды)

Turkish: ernek (dial.)

Tatar: irnäw

Middle Turkic: ernek (Pav. C.)

Turkmen: erŋek

Kirghiz: erdȫ

Kazakh: ernew

Bashkir: irne- 'to border'

Karakalpak: ernek

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 301. The root is attested late and may be theoretically derived from *Erin 'lip' (v. sub *i̯ằré); however, the latter can also mean 'edge (of a dish)' in some languages and one can suspect that PT actually merged *Erin 'lip' and *Erin 'edge', while the form *Erneg was derived only from the latter.

Mongolian: *hir-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *hir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 floor, ground 2 bottom 3 blade, edge (of knife) 4 edge, border, shore

Russian meaning: 1 пол, почва 2 дно 3 лезвие, острие (ножа) 4 острый край, берег

Written Mongolian: iruɣar, iruɣal 1 (L 415), ir 3 (L 412), irmeg 4 (L 415)

Middle Mongolian: xiru'ar (HY 51), xira'ur (SH), hiruar, hirur (MA) 1

Khalkha: jorōl 2, ir 3, irmeg 4

Buriat: ojōr 2, eŕ 3, erimeg 4

Kalmuck: jorāl 2

Ordos: irōl 2, īrmek

Dongxian: širo 1

Baoan: holǝr 1

Dagur: xigōr 1, xir 3 (Тод. Даг. 146: ir < lit.), šowōre, šigōre 2, šire 3 (MD 215)

Shary-Yoghur: horūl 1, hir 3, ermeg 4 ( < lit.)

Monguor: ir 3 ( < lit.)

Comments: KW 219, MGCD 411, 412, 740.

Tungus-Manchu: *pere

 

Japanese: *piàrì

 

Proto-Japanese: *piàrì

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: edge, brink

Russian meaning: край

Middle Japanese: fèrì

Tokyo: herí

Kyoto: hérì

Kagoshima: herí

Comments: JLTT 404.

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 69-70, АПиПЯЯ 12, 281, ЭСТЯ 1, 301. Jpn. *piari instead of *piri probably under the influence of *pia 'edge, border' q. v. (or else it may indicate a reconstruction *p`èjrì). Cf. *p`ire.

Uralic: *perä (also pertV 'side')

 

Kartvelian: *ṗir- (+ *ṗirw- 826)

 

Proto-Kartvelian: *ṗir-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: край

English meaning: edge

Georgian: ṗir-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): рот, лицо, край

Georgian meaning (Engl.): mouth, face, edge

Megrel: ṗiǯ-

Svan: ṗil-, bil-

Laz: ṗiǯ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 153, EWK 273-274. В МССНЯ 345 сравнивается с алт. *p`eri 'нижний край', урал. *perä 'край', драв. *pir_ 'задний край' < ностр. *ṗerV.

Dravidian: *pur_-/*per_- (*-d_-)

Comments: Cf. also PA *p`ìrá 'far', *p`ire 'bank' (for 'one' cf. also PA *bi̯uri; PD *ver_- 'empty; alone'?]; PD *paṛ-[k-] 'side'.

References: ND 1761 *ṗerä 'ground, earth' (Mong., TM + dub. FV, CChad. and Akk.); 1763 *ṗeR[o] 'lip, edge' (same Mong., Jap., incorr. Turk. + FU *pertV + IE + Kartv.), 1764 *P_erV 'bottom, buttocks' (same TM + Ur. *perä + dub. Drav.). Probably 2 roots, but with different division (A: Alt. *p`eri : Drav. *paṛ-; B: Alt. *p`ira : Drav. *per_-, with a confusion in other families?). Cf. also: PA *pĭ́rò (~ b-) 'beak, nose'; IE *bhrn- 'mouth', *bhrd- 'hill, edge'; Cush. *pVr- 'lip, face' (ND 1763); ST *b(h)ēr 'side'; NC *pŭrV 'part of face under the nose' (so far not enough to make a deeper etymology); Austric: PAA *pɛ:r 'edge, bank', Kmr. kpe:r 'near', Munda hopor id., PAN *SipaR 'opposite side', *papaR 'cheek, side', hampir 'near, close by'; PAA *bʔǝr / *bʔuar 'mouth, lip', PAN *biRbiR 'lip', *su(m)bir 'rim, edge, border, lip', *birbir 'edge'.

Proto-South Dravidian: *pur_-/*per_-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *pUr_-/*pIr_-

Meaning : outside

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pur_am, pur_an_

Tamil meaning : outside, exterior, that which is foreign; aspersion, calumny

Tamil derivates : adj. pur_a-, pur_am-; pur_akku outside; pur_aku excluded person or thing; pur_aṇi slander; outer bark, skin, anything that is outside; pur_atti that which is outside, foreign, extrinsic; pur_attavan_, pur_attiyan_ foreigner, stranger; pur_ampu the exterior, outside, that which is separate, other; pur_ampar the outside; pur_avu, pur_avam forest, jungle, forest tract, hilly tract; pur_a-ppaṭu (-ppaṭuv-, -ppaṭṭ-) to set forth, proceed, start, go out; pir_a other things; pir_ar outsiders, strangers; pir_an_ another man, stranger; fem. pir_aḷ; pir_itu other thing; pir_āṇṭu elsewhere

Malayalam : pur_am

Malayalam meaning : the outside, west; beyond, more than

Malayalam derivates : adj. pur_a; pur_attu out, out of; pir_an other

Kannada : por_a, por_agu, por_age

Kannada meaning : the outside, outside

Kannada derivates : por_abiga stranger, alien; hor_accu the outside; hor_atu, hortu that is outside, that is excepted; being left alone, being not that, being not present; except, without; hor_ame that is outside or in the rear; hor_aḍu (hor_aṭ-/hoṇṭ- < *por_a-vaḍu-) to go outside or out of, come forth, set out, start, appear (as a boil); hor_aḍisu to cause to go outside or out of, cause to start; per_a outer place, other side; her_agu other side, outside

Kodagu : porame

Kodagu meaning : outside

Kodagu derivates : poraḍ- (poraḍuv-, poraṭ-) to start, set out, depart

Tulu : pida

Tulu meaning : outer

Tulu derivates : pidayi outer; out, outside, abroad; pidāḍuni to start, depart; pidāḍāvuni to cause to start or depart

Proto-Nilgiri : *por_-

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) pedamayi outside; pedaḍɨ to come out, start

Notes : The root is present in two forms - *pUr_- and *pIr_-; the i-tinged variant is universal only in Tulu (possibly - in Kodagu, where both phonemes would have merged between a labial and an alveolar anyway, so it's impossible to tell whether Kod. poraḍ- goes back to *pUr_- or *pIr_-). It is notable that all the i-tinged forms usually share the meaning 'other, other side' as contrasted with 'outside', so we may indeed deal here with two different roots that have unfortunately merged completely in Tulu (as well as in Telugu).

Number in DED : 4333

Proto-Telugu : *per_-

 

Proto-Telugu : *per_-

Meaning : foreign, other, different

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : per_a

Additional forms : Also ? pur_r_a adv. left

Number in DED : 4333

Notes : Very probably two roots.