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<동사시제> 1. 현재시제 1) 불변의 진리. 과학적으로 검증된 사실 예) Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. 2) 일상습관: always, usually, often, every day(week, month,....) 예) Mary goes to school by subway every day. 2. 과거시제 1) in + 연도 2) ago 3) last night(week, month, year.....) 4) once 5) 역사적인 사실 예) They moved to San Francisco ten years ago. This huge building was built in 1980. 3. 현재완료 1) since + 과거시점 2) for + (숫자)기간 3) recently = lately 4) over the past few days(weeks, months.....) 5) so far 6) 현재완료에 쓸 수 없는 단어들 when, ago, yesterday, last month, in+연도 (과거시제) 예) Linda has worked for this foreign language institute since last May. Mike has traveled around Europe for 2 months. Bob has recently returned from Canada. 4. 과거완료 by + 과거시점 예) They had lived in New York by 1980. 5. 진행시제 be+ -ing(현재분사) - 진행중인 동작이 강조... 형식? 5-1 진행시제를 쓸 수 없는 동사들 인지, 소유, 감정, 지각, 존재 등의 동사들 know, have, like, love, think, want, believe, need, remember ... 하지만 상황에 따라서 진행형으로 사용 될 수 있다. 6. 시제의 일치 주절의 시제 종속절의 시제 현재, 현재완료, 미래 모든시제 가능 과거, 과거완료 과거, 과거완료 6-1. 시제일치의 예외 불변의 진리는 항상 현재 역사적인 사실은 항상 과거 7. 시간과 조건을 나타내는 부사절에서는 의미상 미래여도 현재를 꼭 써야 한다 시간의 부사절 접속사 - when, until, as soon as, after, before 조건의 부사절 접속사 - if, unless 하지만 명사절과 형용사절에서는 미래시제를 쓴다 I'm not sure if Susan will marry James 2004 is the year when I will enter a uinversity 8. 왕래발착 동사는 현재나 현재진행 시제로 미래를 나타낼수 있다.(여기엔 미래를 나타내는 부사가 필요하다) <동사형태> 1. 완료동사 have 뒤에는 과거분사가 온다: have + PP 예) We have saw the show.(x) They had walk to school. (x) 2. be 동사 뒤에는 분사가 온다: S + be + ~ing/~ed 예) He was knew for his novel. (x) 3. 조동사 뒤에는 동사원형이 온다: can/must/should + 동사원형 예) The boat will to leave at 3:00 The doctor may arrives soon. <주장/제안/요구/추천 동사 > 1. insist/suggest/require/recommend that S + V(동사원형) 예) He suggested that the meeting be postponed. 2. "중요성“의 의미를 가진 형용사
예) It is imperative that all the students submit their papers by the end of this month. 틀리기 쉬운 제3형식 동사 a) She entered the room.(○) She entered into the room.(×) × b) We obeyed our parents.(○) We obeyed to our parents.(×) × c) He attended the party.(○) He attended at the party.(×) × d) They approached their destination.(○) They approached to their destination.(×) × e) She resembles her father very closely.(○) She resembles with her father very closely.(×) × f) Jane married him.(○) Jane married with him.(×) × g) I engaged Jane.(○) I engaged with Jane.(×) × h) I left Seoul for Pusan.(○) I left from Seoul for Pusan.(×) × I started from Seoul for Pusan.(○) i) She greeted me on the street.(○) She greeted to me on the street.(×) × j) He mentioned his failure in the paper.(○) He mentioned about his failure in the paper.(×) × k) This book comprises twenty chapters.(○) This book comprises of twenty chapters.(×) × l) She survived the accident.(○) She survived from (or after) the accident.(×) × × m) She answered my question.(○) She answered to my question.(×) She replied to my question.(○) n) She reached Pusan.(○) She reached at Pusan.(×) She arrived at Pusan.(○) o) She addressed me in English.(○) She addressed to me in English.(×) × She spoke to me in English.(○) p) We discussed the matter.(○) We discussed about the matter.(×) × q) She frequented the villa.(○) She frequented to the villa.(×) × 틀리기 쉬운 동사의 활용 원형 과거 과거분사 fall fell fallen (떨어지다) (자동사) fell felled felled (베어 넘어뜨리다) (타동사) find found found (발견하다) (타동사) found founded founded (설립하다) (타동사) lie lay lain (눕다) (자동사) lay laid laid (눕히다) (타동사) lie lied lied (거짓말하다) (자동사) rise rose risen (떠오르다) (자동사) raise raised raised (일으키다) (타동사) arise arose arisen (발생하다) (자동사) sit sat sat (앉다) (자동사) seat seated seated (앉히다) (타동사) set set set (놓다) (타동사) wind wound wound (감다) (타동사) wound wounded wounded (부상하게 하다) (타동사) wind winded winded (낌새를 맡다) (타동사) hang hung hung (걸다) (타동사) hang hanged hanged (교수형에 처하다) (타동사) shine shone shone (빛나다) (자동사) shine shined shined (광택을 내다) (자·타동사) |