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■ 층층나무(Cornus florida/Dogwood)
■ 20210525 TUE 층층나무(Dogwood)
☯ Dog Wood(층층나무)
분류 : 속씨식물 > 쌍떡잎식물강 > 층층나무목 > 층층나무과 > 층층나무속
원산지 : 아시아 (대한민국,일본)
서식지 : 산이나 계곡의 비옥한 사질양토
크기 : 약 20m
학명 : Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain
☯ Cornus florida
☛ Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Secure (NatureServe)
☛ Scientific classificationedit
Kingdom : Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Cornales
Family: Cornaceae
Genus:Cornus
Subgenus: Cornus subg. Cynoxylon
Species: C. florida
☛ Binomial name
Cornus florida
Natural range of Cornus florida
Synonyms
Benthamia florida (L.) Nakai
Benthamidia florida (L.) Spach
Cornus candidissima Mill.
Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Britton & Shafer
Swida candidissima (Mill.) Small
Cornus urbiniana Rose, syn of subsp. urbiniana
Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.
An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River.
The tree is commonly planted as an ornamental in residential and public areas because of its showy bracts and interesting bark structure.
꽃이 피는 개 나무 인 Cornus florida는 북아메리카 동부와 멕시코 북부가 원산지인 Cornaceae 가족의 꽃 피는 나무 종입니다.
한때 최남단 해안 메인에서 플로리다 북부, 서쪽으로 미시시피 강까지 풍토병이 퍼져 있었다.
나무는 화려한 bracts와 흥미로운 껍질 구조 때문에 주거 및 공공 장소에서 관상으로 일반적으로 심어진다.
☯ Classification(분류)
The flowering dogwood is usually included in the dogwood genus Cornus as Cornus florida L., although it is sometimes treated in a separate genus as Benthamidia florida (L.) Spach.
Less common names for C. florida include American dogwood, Florida dogwood, Indian arrowwood, Cornelian tree, white cornel, white dogwood, false box, and false boxwood.
꽃이 피는 도그우드는 보통 코누스 플로리다 L.로 도그우드 속 코누스에 포함되지만, 때로는 벤타미디아 플로리다 (L.) 스패치와 같은 별도의 속에서도 취급됩니다.
C. florida의 덜 일반적인 이름으로는 American dogwood, Florida dogwood, Indian arrowwood, Cornelian tree, white cornel, white dogwood, false box 및 false boxwood가 있습니다.
☯ Description(설명)
Flowering dogwood is a small deciduous tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) high, often wider than it is tall when mature, with a trunk diameter of up to 30 cm (1 ft).
A 10-year-old tree will stand about 5 m (16 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, simple, ovate, 6–13 cm (2.4–5.1 in) long and 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) broad, with an apparently entire margin (actually very finely toothed, under a lens); they turn a rich red-brown in fall.
Flowering dogwood attains its greatest size and growth potential in the Upper South, sometimes up to 40 feet in height. At the northern end of its range, heights of 30–33 feet are more typical. Hot, humid summer weather is necessary for new growth to harden off in the fall.
The maximum lifespan of C. florida is about 80 years.
The flowers are individually small, inconspicuous, and a hermaphrodite, with four, greenish-yellow petals (not bracts) 4 mm (0.16 in) long.
Around 20 flowers are produced in a dense, rounded, umbel-shaped inflorescence, or flower-head, 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) in diameter. The flower-head is surrounded by four conspicuous large white, pink or red bracts (not petals), each bract 3 cm (1.2 in) long and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) broad, rounded, and often with a distinct notch at the apex.
When in the wild they can typically be found at the forest edge and frequently on dry ridges. While most of the wild trees have white bracts, some selected cultivars of this tree also have pink bracts, some even almost a true red.
They typically flower in early April in the southern part of their range, to late April or early May in northern and high altitude areas. The similar Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa), native to Asia, flowers about a month later.
The fruit is a cluster of two to ten separate drupes, (fused in Cornus kousa), each 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and about 8 mm (0.31 in) wide, which ripen in the late summer and the early fall to a bright red, or occasionally yellow with a rosy blush. They are an important food source for dozens of species of birds, which then distribute the seeds. They are also a larval host plant for several moth varieties, including Eudeilinia herminiata, the dogwood thyatirid moth, Antispila cornifoliella, the stinging rose moth, the grand arches moth, the pecan bark borer, the dogwood borer, the rosaceaous leaf roller, the diamondback epinotia moth, spring azures, cecropia moths, and the Io moth. While not poisonous to humans, the fruit is extremely sour and unpleasant-tasting. Flowering dogwood is monoecious, meaning the tree has both male and female flowers, and all trees will produce fruit.
☯ Cultivation(재배/경작)
Flowering dogwood does best horticulturally in moist, acidic soil in a site with some afternoon shade, but good morning sun. It does not do well when exposed to intense heat sources such as adjacent parking lots or air conditioning compressors. It also has a low salinity tolerance. The hardiness zone is 5–9 and the preferred pH is between 6.0 and 7.0.
In urban and suburban settings, care should be taken not to inflict mower damage on the trunk or roots, as this increases the tree's susceptibility to disease and pest pressure.
98–100 The common flowering dogwood has been placed on the endangered species list in Ontario.
In regions where dogwood anthracnose is a problem, homeowners and public land managers are encouraged to know the symptoms and inspect trees frequently. The selection of healthy, disease-free planting stock is essential and transplanting trees from the forest should be avoided. Sites should be selected for reasonably well-drained, fertile soils; full sun is recommended in high-hazard areas (such as stream or pond banks). New plantings should be mulched to a depth of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in), avoiding the stem. Dead wood and leaves should be pruned and completely removed and destroyed yearly. Plants should be watered weekly during droughts, with watering done in the morning, avoiding wetting the foliage. Registered fungicides can be applied when necessary, according to manufacturers instructions and advice of local Extension Service.
Flowering dogwood is grown widely throughout the temperate world.
☯ Selected cultivars(선정된 품종)
'Amerika Touch-O-Pink' – large bracts, tinged pink; large leaves; good disease resistance.
'Appalachian Spring' – large white bracts; red fall foliage; resistant to dogwood anthracnose.
'Autumn Gold' – white bracts; yellow fall color.
'Barton' – large white bracts; blooms at early age; resistant to stem canker and powdery mildew.
'Bay Beauty' – double white bracts; resists heat and drought; good for Deep South.
'Cherokee Daybreak' – white bract; vigorous grower with variegated leaves.
'Cherokee Chief' – red bracts; red new growth.
'Cherokee Brave' – Even redder than 'Cherokee Chief', smaller bracts but dark red color; consistently resistant to powdery mildew.
'Cherokee Princess' – vigorous white bracts, industry standard for white flowers.
'Cherokee Sunset' – purplish-red bracts; variegated foliage.
'Gulf Coast Pink' – best pink flowering dogwood in Florida – northern part only.
'Hohman's Gold' – white bracts; variegated foliage.
'Jean's Appalachian Snow' – large, overlapping white bracts w/ green flowers; very resistant to powdery mildew.
'Karen's Appalachian Blush' – delicate white bracts edged in pink; some powdery mildew resistance.
'Kay's Appalachian Mist' – stiff, creamy white bracts; red fall foliage; good resistance to powdery mildew.
'Plena' – double white bracts; spot anthracnose-resistant.
'Purple Glory' – red bracts; purple foliage; spot anthracnose-resistant but susceptible to stem canker.
'Weaver White' – large white blooms; large leaves; candelabra shape; good in north-central Florida.
☯ Propagation(전파/번식)
Cornus florida is easily propagated by seeds, which are sown in the fall into prepared rows of sawdust or sand, and emerge in the spring. Germination rates for good clean seed should be near 100% if seed dormancy is first overcome by cold stratification treatments for 90 to 120 days at 4 °C (39 °F).[11]: 100–102 [18] Flowering dogwood demonstrates gametophytic self-incompatibility, meaning that the plants can't self-fertilize. This is important for breeding programs as it means that it is not necessary to emasculate (remove the anthers from) C. florida flowers before making controlled cross-pollinations. These pollinations should be repeated every other day, as the flowers must be cross-pollinated within one or two days of opening for pollinations to be effective.
Softwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer from new growth can be rooted under mist if treated with 8,000 to 10,000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In cold climates, potted cuttings must be kept in heated cold frames or polyhouses the following winter to maintain temperatures between 0 and 7 °C (32 and 45 °F). Although rooting success can be as high as 50–85%, this technique is not commonly used by commercial growers. Rather, selected cultivars are generally propagated by T-budding in late summer or by whip grafting in the greenhouse in winter onto seedling rootstock.
Micropropagation of flowering dogwood is now used in breeding programs aiming to incorporate resistance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew into horticulturally and economically important cultivars. Nodal (axillary bud) sections are established in a culture of Woody Plant Medium (WPM) amended with 4.4 μmol/L 6-Benzyladenine (BA) to promote shoot growth.
Rooting of up to 83% can be obtained when 5–7 week-old microshoots are then transferred to WPM amended with 4.9 μmol/L IBA.
☯ Historical uses(역사적 용도)
Native Americans used the bark and roots in a remedy for malaria; a red dye was also extracted from the roots.
The species has been used in the production of inks, scarlet dyes, and as a quinine substitute. The hard, dense wood has been used for products such as golf club heads, mallets, wooden rake teeth, tool handles, jeweler's boxes and butcher's blocks.
100 Cornus florida is the state tree and flower of Virginia,[24] the state tree of Missouri, and state flower of North Carolina.
It was used to treat dogs with mange, which may be how it got its name.
The red berries are not edible, despite some rumors otherwise.
In 1915, 40 dogwood saplings were donated by the U.S. to Japan in the 1912-15 exchange of flowers between Tokyo and Washington, D.C. While the cherry blossom trees survived the ensuing sour relations of these two countries and are the main feature of the National Cherry Blossom Festival, all dogwood trees in Tokyo died except the one that had been planted in an agriculture high school. In 2012, the United States sent 3,000 dogwood saplings to Japan to commemorate the 100-year anniversary of the Washington, D.C., cherry trees given as a gift to the U.S. by Japan in 1912.
☛ From Wikipedia
■ 人生(인생)
人生事(인생사) 先後(선후) 緩急(완급) 輕重(경중)이 있습니다.
우리네 人生(인생)은 아무도 대신 살아 주거나 누구도 대신 아파 주거나 죽어 줄 수가 없는 것입니다.
어디든지 갈 수 있을 때 가지 않으면 가고 싶을 때 갈 수가 없고 무엇이든지 할 수 있을 때 하지 않으면 하고 싶을 때 할 수가 없는 것입니다.
奇跡(기적)은 아무에게나 어디서나 함부로 일어나지 않습니다.
우리가 어릴 때는 꿈과 희망을 먹고 자랐지만 성인이 되면 計劃(계획)과 實踐(실천) 만이 존재할 뿐입니다.
마음 가는 대로 잘 생각하고 判斷(판단)해서 몸 가는 대로 行動(행동) 하고 實踐(실천)하며 하고 싶은 대로 하고 살면 될 것입니다.
다만, 嚴重(엄중)한 現實(현실)앞에 우선순위를 어디에 어떻게 둘 것인가에 愼重(신중)을 기해서 責任(책임)과 義務(의무)를 다해야 할 것입니다.
人生事(인생사) 刹那(찰나)와 彈指(탄지)에 지나지 않습니다.
지금 이 순간, 最善(최선)입니까?
인생의 眞理(진리)는 오직 살아 있어야 되는 것입니다.
그러기 위해서는 오로지 건강하세요.
가족의 健康(건강)과 가정의 幸福(행복)을 축원합니다.
늘 고맙습니다.
19991212(陰1105) SUN
Mundy Sung
■ 사람
사람은 사람이고 싶다
사람은 그립게 살고 싶다
사람은 사람답게 살고 싶다
사람은 믿으면서 살고 싶다
사람은 더불어서 살고 싶다
사람은 사랑하며 살고 싶다
사람은 베풀면서 살고 싶다
사람은 아름답게 살고 싶다
사람은 사람으로 살고 싶다
사람은 자비와 지혜로 살고 싶다
사람은 따뜻한 가슴으로 살고 싶다
사람은 배려하고 화해하며 살고 싶다
사람은 꽃보다 아름다운 당신이고 싶다
사람은 모두가 똑같은 사람으로 알고 싶다
사람은 사랑과 동정을 구분하며 살고 싶다
사람은 그저 내 사람이거니 하고 살고 싶다
사람은 화 낼 줄도 알고 울 줄도 알고 싶다
사람은 끝없는 의문 속에 존재하며 살고 싶다
사람은 있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 살고 싶다
사람은 모든 사람을 사람답게 살게 해주고 싶다
20001212(陰1116) TUE
華亭
■ 無畏(무외) 無碍(무애)
밝은 대낮에 달이 뜨고 어두운 밤 해가 있더라.
본디 우주는 낮과 밤이 없었거늘
사람 사람마다 금을 긋고 담장 쌓아 칸을 만들어 제 마음대로 해놓더라.
무애,
무애,
無碍.
해가 중천에 떴더라.
밤에 뜨는 달도 낮에 떠 있더라.
본디 무엇이 낮에 있고 무엇이 밤에 있는 것이 어디 있었으랴
내가 그것을 보았을 뿐일 진데.
사람들이 괜스레 해가 떴다 달이 떴다 하더라.
무외,
무외,
無畏.
20041212(陰1101) SUN
華亭
■ 오늘
나는,
오늘 내게 주어진 가장 중요하고 제일 값진 일을 잘 하고 있는 것일까?
생존하기 위해 잘 먹고, 잘 싸고, 잘 자야 하는 원초적인 본능의 실천부터?
삶이란,
어디든지 갈 수 있을 때 가지 않으면 가고 싶을 때 갈 수가 없고 무엇이든지 할 수 있을 때 하지 않으면 하고 싶을 때 할 수가 없는 것이었다.
인생사 生老病死 喜怒哀樂,
그 중에 喜喜樂樂(희희낙락)만 쏙 뽑아서 살다 갈수는 없는 것이 인생이다.
인생의 진리는 오직 살아 있어야 되는 것이다.
그러기 위해서는 오로지 건강해야 한다.
지금 이 순간,
나를 알고 내가 사랑하는 모든 사람들과 같은 하늘 아래에서 함께 숨 쉬고 살아 있다는 것에 대하여 나의 믿음에 한없이 감사할 따름이다.
20191220 FRI
Mundy Sung
⬣ 生活 사진
생활 寫眞은 일상의 사소한 발견입니다.
森羅萬象(삼라만상)은 곧 사진의 훌륭한 소재라고 생각합니다.
늘 가지고 다니는 휴대 전화기나 손 안에 쏙 들어가는 똑따기 사진기만으로도 누구나 크게 공감하고 많이 동감하는 이야기를 만들 수가 있을 것이라 믿습니다.
더 없는 사랑과 꾸밈없는 정성으로 人時空(인시공)을 담아내어 소중한 추억으로 오래토록 간직하게 되기를 희망합니다.
'사진은 빛의 예술이자 역사의 기록이다'
생활사진에 대하여 이렇게 거창한 말까지 앞세울 필요는 전혀 없을 것 같습니다.
진실과 진심으로 있는 대로 보고 진정과 최선을 다하여 보이는 대로 담아내면 그것이 곧 예술이자 역사가 될 것입니다.
보다 많은 사진인구의 저변 확대를 기대합니다.
가족의 건강과 가정의 행복을 축원합니다.
오로지 건강하세요.
늘 고맙습니다.
20121212(陰1029) WED
Mundy Sung
■ CAMERA : SONY DSC-HX90V(똑따기 사진기/Impact Camera) & LGE LH-G710(휴대용 전화기)
■ 층층나무(Cornus florida/Dogwood)
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