수동태정리

[TOEIC990]

수동태                                                                                                       

주어가 동작을 하면 ___be ing/have pp_____

동작을 당하면 _pp/have been pp_/be being pp____

나는 맞았다. I am hit (by you)

나는 지루해졌다  I am bored (by you) 감정유발타동사는 pp가 느끼는거다

Be shocked

Be interested

Be fascinated

Be pleased to V

Pleasant x

형용사

나는 만족해졌다. I am satisfied (with you)

1.     시제별 수동태 구조   수일치  시제일치 능수

현재  The text message __is____sent ______today.

과거  The text message ____was sent__ ______yesterday.

미래  The text message ____will be sent_ ______ _____tomorrow.

현재진행  The text message _is being sent____ _______ _____now

과거진행 The text message _was being sent_____ ______ ______last night.

현재완료  The text message __has been sent_____ ______ _______recently

미래완료  The text message ____will have been sent_ ______by next week.

Hiring someone (on the basis of gender or race)/ is not ______/in any government workplace.

a)     allow  b) allows  c) allowing  d) allowed

b)      타동사는 능동이면 무조건 목적어

The artwork/ had ______/to the gallery/ years earlier /by the family of the famous painter.

a)     donated  b) was donated  c) been donated  d) been donating

2.     3형식- 주어 동사 목적어

The manager /accepted/ the proposal. 

->___The proposal was accepted by the manager________________________________________________

그 제안은 부장에 의해 받아들여졌다.

 대상

A young woman /________(after having an accident)( while hiking on the mountain trail.)

a)     rescued  b) has rescued  c) was rescued d) rescuing

 대상주어

All expensive items/ have been _______/(because the store is going out of business.)

a)     discounted  b) discounting  c) discount  d) discounts

discount ~을 할인하다

3.     4형식 수동태 

목적어가 두개 (간목 직목)이므로 두개의 수동태 가능,

give, tell, send, show, allow, promise 등

I/ give /him money.

       간목  직목

Be pp 직목

He/ is given /money /by me

(3형식수동태)Money/ is given to him by me

수여동사의 3형식형태의 수동태

Be given to 간목

Be shown to

Be sent to

Be awarded to

주어          동사        간목                  직목

The company /awards /the dedicated employee /an employ of the year.

The company /awards /an employee of the year//( to the dedicated employee)

An employee of the year /is awarded to the dedicated employee by the company

올해의 직원상- 직목      수여되었다    ~에게 (간목)

(직목->주) Be pp to 간목 (by~)

Be made for 간목

Be bought for 간목

Be asked of 간목

4.     5형식 수동태

S  v o  oc

~ be pp  oc

find, make, keep, leave, call, name, elect 등의 동사는 목적어를 주어로 하고, 목적격 보어는 그대로 문장 뒤에 둔다.

목적격보어 : 형용사, 명사, to 부정사, 현재분사ing, 과거분사pp

 사역동사 have/make/let      사람목적어     동사원형

                             사물목적어      pp

준사역동사  get              사람목적어     TO부정사

                             사물목적어     PP

I make him smile

He is made to smile.

I make the car repaired.

The car is made (to be) repaired.

지각동사  see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, find

I saw her dance.

She was seen to dance by me.

I saw her dancing.

She was seen dancing by me.

문제 답1B 2A 3A 4B 5B 6A

1.     The first draft (of the blueprint) was _____/(by the assistant architect.)

a)     revising           b) revised

2.     Most cities /have similar rules (that/_____/the amount of a fine for drunk driving)

a.     determine         b. are determined

3.     Two days have passed, yet Mr. Kim /is still______[whether to expand our branch to China or to Taiwan.]

a.     considering         b. consider

4.     Everyone/ must use /the back door( to get into the building) (while the front door /_______)

a.     has repaired         b. is being repaired.

5.     (Until all of the new programs/______/in the computers,) please do not turn them off.

a.     have installed       b. have been installed.

6.     (During business hours,) all employees at the store/_____accountable /for stock losses.  (by company rules)

a.     are held            b. have held

hold 목 accountable : 목적어에게 책임을 지우다

 be held accountable

자동사의 수동태 : 수동태는 타동사가 변형된 형태. 자동사는 목적어를 가질 수 없지만, <자동사 + 전치사 =타동사역할’ 일 경우에는 수동태로 변환 가능 -> 이때 전치사를 버리면 안됨.

완전자동사는 수동태 불가

work –be worked x    live –be lived x  speak –be spoken x    talk- be talked x    happen – be happened x

occur – be occurred x  take place – be taken place x     arrive- be arrived x     exist – be existed x

function – be functioned x     go – be gone  x      come – be come x

불완전자동사 수동태 불가

become – be become x       remain – be remained x     seem – be seemed x      stay – be stayed x

appear – be appeared x       look – be looked x

7.     자동사 + 전치사 =타동사역할

deal with  ~을 다루다 처리하다  :           

 _____be dealt with________________________다루어지다, 처리되다

care for  ~을 좋아하다, 돌보다 :               _______________

be cared for______________돌보아지다

object to  ~을 반대하다 :                     _________

____be objected to________________반대당하다

depend on  ~을 신뢰하다 :                   __________

_be depended on__________________신뢰를 받다

account for  ~을 설명하다  :                  ________

___be accounted for__________________설명되다

refer to ~을 가리키다, 언급하다 :              ____

_______be referred to___________________언급되다

look at  ~을 보다 :                           ___

_______be looked at___________________보여지다

attend to  ~을 돌보다, 주의하다 :             _______

_be attended to______________________돌보아지다.

rely on  ~을 신뢰하다 :                      ___________

__be relied on__________________신뢰를 받다

proceed with ~을 진행하다 :                  _

______be proceeded with_______________________진행되다

답  CBD

1.     I want to thank you /for organizing a smooth and pleasant meeting( that________yesterday.)

a.     was taken place      b. has taken place      c. took place        d. taking place

occur

happen

take place

2.     We request/ your consideration and approval /before the work is________with.

a.     procedures        b. proceeded         d. processing          d. processed

3.     This information /was obtained from third parties/ and should not_______on/( without verification.)

a.     rely          b. relies           c. be relying         d. be relied

8.     <be +pp+ to v> 출제빈도 가장 높음

 be __asked______to v  ~할 것을 요구 받다               be forced to v ~하도록 강요되다

be ___required/reqested_______to v  ~하도록 요구 받다              be invited to v  ~하도록 권유 받다

 be ____encouraged________ to v  ~하도록 장려되다           be expected to v  ~할 것으로 예상되다

 be ____allowed________ to v ~하도록 허용되다              be allowed to v ~하도록 허락되다

be ____advised_________ to v ~하도록 충고되다                 be persuaded to v ~하라고 설득되다

be__told________ to v  ~하라는 말을 듣다                  be requested to v  ~할 것을 요청받다

 be __urged_________to v  ~하라고 요구받다                be scheduled to v  ~할 예정이 잡혀 있다.

9.     <be+ pp +with N>

 be filled with ~로 가득 차다 ,       be __acquainted_____________with  ~와 친숙하다  be covered with ~로 덮혀있다

be concerned with  ~와 관련 있다     be __diluted__________ with ~로 희석되다      be satisfied with ~에 만족하다

be faced with  ~에 직면하다           be _____delighted_______with ~에 즐거워하다   be pleased with ~에 기뻐하다

be associated with  ~와 연관되다

10.   <be+ pp +전치사 to  N/~ing>

be ____devoted/committed/dedicated_______to  ~에 전념하다      be exposed to ~에 노출되다      be attached to  ~에 첨부되다

be ___affixed________to  ~에 부착되다     be forwarded to  ~에 전송되다      be known to  ~에게 알려지다

 be ___ committed ________to  ~을 약속하다    be dedicated to  ~에 헌신하다   be opposed to  ~에 반대하다

be __accustomed/used__________to  ~에 익숙하다

11.   <be + pp  + 기타전치사 N>

be composed of ~로 구성되다      be _interested____________in  ~에 흥미 있다      be derived from ~에서 유래하다

 be involved in/with  ~에 관련되다     be ___engaged_______in  ~에 종사하다     be ashamed of  ~을 부끄러워 하다

 be convinced of  ~을 확신하다         be _absorbed___________in  ~에 몰두하다     be worried about ~에 관해 걱정하다

 be concerned about/for  ~에 대해 걱정하다    be____tired______          of  ~에 지치다      be made of/from ~로 만들어지다

수동태.doc