|
wince
[wins]
주츰하다,
위축
내가 목사가 되기 전 전도사로 있을 때
꽤 유명한 (?) 부흥사가 우리 교회에서 부흥회를 인도했다.
나는 그 부흥사가 설교를 하기 전에 교인들과 함께
찬송을 부르며 은혜 받을 준비를 했다.
1960 년 후반 때만 해도 한국 교회의 찬송 수준이
요즈음과 같지 않았던 기억이 난다.
물론 음악을 좋아하며 '정확하게' 찬송 보르기를 강조했다
I who tried to sing correctly WINCED when they sang hyms incorrectly..
노래를 정확하게 부르려고 노략했던 나는
그들 (대부분의 교인들)이 찬송을 틀리게 부를 때
마음에 부담이 (주춤) 되었었다.
그래서 그 부흥사는 나에게 이런 끔찍한 (?) 반응을 보였다.
"찬송을 정확하게만 부르는 것은 은혜가 되지 않아요!"
내가 음악이 잘못 연주될 때' 움츨' 하는 것은 애교스럽지만
이런 경우는 다르다.
Just as I WINCE at wrong performance of music
so a lot of people WINCE when they hear some politicians telling lies.
내가 음악이 잘못 연주될 때 주춤대는 것 처럼
많은 사람들은 몇몇 정치인들이 거짓말을 할 때 거부감을 갖는다.
wince 라는 낱말은 한국인에게 잘 알려지지 않고 있는데
그도 그럴것이 영어권에서도 2000 년대에 이르기까지
거의 쓰지 안다가 2000년 이후 급속히 사용되도 있기 때문이다.
그리고 wince 의 어원적 뿌리도 다른 낱말과 다르게
Latin or Greek 이 아니라 거의 현대의 France 어에 뿌리를 두고 있고
그 뜻이 '문가를 피한다'는 뜻이다.
피하고 싶고 주춤하며 거부반응을 갖는 것도
개인적인 것은 물론 많은 사람들이 체감 (體感)하는 것도 있다.
My sister pinches me and I WINCE.
나의 누나가 나를 꼬집었을 때 나는 움칫했다
The price of gas makes us WINCE.
휘발유 가격 상승이 우리를 위축하게 한다.
어린이나 남녀가 사용하는 wince 도 흥미롭다.
Most of children WINCE whenever the nurse gives them a shot
대부분의 어린이들은 간호사가 주사를 놓을 때 움칫댄다.
ㅉWomen usually WINCE when they see a cockroach.
여성들은 그들이 바퀴벌레를 보면 보통 움칠댄다.
When do you think men WINCH?
당신은 남자들이 언제 주춤댄다고 생각하나요?
For me The strong perfume women wear makes me WINCE.
나에게 있어셔 여인들이 바른 짙은 향수가 나를 거부감갖게 한다.
좀 심각한 철학 이야기
Epictetus, a Stoic philosopher, taught focus on what you can control and accept what you cannot.
스토익파 철학자인 에픽테토스는 당신이 조정할 수 있는 것과
제어할 수 없는 것을 (구별해서) 받아들이라고 가르쳤고
Epictetus did not WINCE or cry, but calmly said, "Did I teach you about what you cannot control?"
에픽테토스가 (육체적으로 당하기 어려운 일에) 위축되거나 소리지르지 않고
조용하게 내가 너희들이 조정할 수 없는 것이 대해 가르치지 않았는가?
라고 말했다 (그는 서양 문화에 큰 공헌을 했음)
When do you WINCE?
당신은 언제 주춤 (위축)되는가?
California Eureka
2000년 와서 급
Neel Burton M.D.
Ataraxia
The Life of Epictetus
He was a Roman slave who freed himself and millions of others.
Updated November 11, 2023
Reviewed by Ray Parker
WINCE in pain
I had to wince when I heard the bad news.
he gave a wince of pain"
wince whenever the nurse gives me a shot
The barb of his wit made us wince.
신랄
The patient is wincing in pain.
"The athlete winced in agony as he twisted his ankle.
The awful movie made the critic wince.
The musician wince at the off-key note.
The sharp edge made her wince wincingly.
The strong perfume made him wince.
My sister pinched me and I wince.
The sour lemon made me wince.
I saw a spider and I wince.
Some of you may WINCE to remember this riddle.
this kind of joke just make me wince"
He winced at the thought of dining with Camilla.
The price of gas will make us wince.
He winced at her angry words.
KEY POINTS
One day, or so the story goes, Epaphroditus lost his temper and grabbed Epictetus by the leg.
He twisted it so forcefully that Epictetus warned him that it would break.
When it snapped, Epictetus did not wince or cry, but calmly said, “Did I not tell you that it would break?”
Epictetus, a Stoic philosopher, taught focus on what you can control and accept what you cannot.
After gaining his freedom from slavery, he opened his school and taught the emperor Hadrian.
His teachings have had a lasting impact on Western thought, influencing thinkers such as Descartes.
Wikimedia Commons/William Sonmans/Public domain
Illustration of Epictetus, wit
wince (v.)
c. 1300, wincen; mid-13c. winchen, "to recoil suddenly," from Anglo-French *wenchir, Old North French *wenchier (Old French guenchir) "to turn aside, avoid," from Frankish *wenkjan, from Proto-Germanic *wankjan (source also of Old High German wankon "to stagger, totter," Old Norse vakka "to stray, hover;" see wink (v.)). Originally of horses. Modern form is attested from late 13c. Related: Winced; wincing.
also from c. 1300
Entries linking to wince
Old English wincian "to blink, wink, close one's eyes quickly," from Proto-Germanic *wink- (source also of Dutch winken, Old High German winkan "move sideways, stagger; nod," German winken "to wave, wink"), a gradational variant of the root of Old High German wankon "to stagger, totter," Old Norse vakka "to stray, hover," from PIE root *weng- "to bend, curve." The meaning "close an eye as a hint or signal" is first recorded c. 1100; that of "close one's eyes (to fault or irregularity)" first attested late 15c. Related: Winked; winking.
h lamp and crutch, in Edward Ivie’s 1715 Latin translation of the Enchiridion.Wikimedia Commons/William Sonmans/Public domain
Stoic philosophy
has exerted an important influence on the history of ideas, including on the thought of Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, Adam Smith, and J.S. Mill.
In the field of mental health, Stoicism inspired what has become the most common form of talking treatment, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Aaron Beck (d. 2021), the father of CBT, wrote that “the philosophical origins of cognitive therapy can be traced back to the Stoic philosophers.”
article continues after advertisement
Epictetus, along with Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, is one of our three main sources of Stoicism.
But whereas Marcus Aurelius was an emperor, and Seneca was the wealthiest man in the empire, Epictetus began as a mere slave.
So, how did he rise to such prominence?
Early Years
Epictetus (c. 50-c. 135 CE) was born into slavery at Hierapolis, in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey).
His name, in Greek, means something like, “Acquired One.”
He spent his youth in Rome as a slave to Epaphroditus, a wealthy freedman and secretary to Nero.
In 68, Epaphroditus assisted Nero in committing suicide (since Nero could not bring himself to plunge the dagger), with the deluded emperor lamenting, Qualis artifex pereo [“What an artist dies in me!”].
In those early years, Epictetus, though a slave, found the love of philosophy, and even managed to study under the charismatic Musonius.
It is also around this time that he developed a disability, which may have owed to rheumatoid arthritis, although the Christian theologian Origen claims that it was his master who injured him.
One day, or so the story goes, Epaphroditus lost his temper and grabbed Epictetus by the leg.
He twisted it so forcefully that Epictetus warned him that it would break.
When it snapped, Epictetus did not wince or cry, but calmly said, “Did I not tell you that it would break?”
article continues after advertisement
Teaching Career
Some time after Nero’s death, by virtue of his education or the dignity which it conferred upon him, Epictetus gained his civil freedom, having already acquired the far greater freedom of the mind. Now a freedman, he taught philosophy in Rome.
When, in 94, Domitian banished all philosophers from the capital, he went to Nicopolis, in Epirus, Greece, where he established a school of philosophy and remained for the rest of his life.
Like Musonius, Epictetus concentrated on ethics, arguing that physics and logic (the other two branches of ancient philosophy) ought to be in the service of practical action:
What do I care if matter is made up of atoms, indivisibles, or fire and earth? Isn’t it enough to know the nature of good and evil, the limits of desire and aversion, and of choice and refusal, and to use these as virtual guidelines for how to live? Questions beyond our ken we should ignore, since the human mind may be unable to grasp them… [and] what’s to be gained by understanding them in any case?
The purpose of education is “to practice how to remove from one’s life sighs and sorrow, grief and disappointment, and cries of “Alas” and “Poor me”.” This is mostly a matter of according our will to the world, “so that nothing happens contrary to our wishes, and, conversely, nothing fails to happen that we want to happen.”
article continues after advertisement
Hadrian, the future emperor, held Epictetus in the highest regard, and visited him, a former slave, in Nicopolis.
Private Life
Epictetus did not marry or have children, despite urging these things upon others.
When he rebuked his friend and student Demonax for not marrying, Demonax sarcastically replied, “Very well, then, will you give me one of your daughters for a wife?”
However, in his retirement, he did, out of necessity, adopt the child of a friend, and raised him with the help of a woman.
One day, the iron lamp by which he wrote was stolen. Reasoning that one can only lose what one has, he replaced it with a lamp of clay—which, after his death, was purchased at a high price by an admirer with no sense of irony.
PHILOSOPHY ESSENTIAL READS
The Life of Marcus Aurelius
Is Love an Emotion?
The Discourses and Encheiridion
Epictetus’ teachings were recorded as the Discourses (or Diatribai) by his pupil Arrian of Nicomedia, also known, among others, for his account of the campaigns of Alexander the Great, which are written in a very different style.
In a prefatory note to the Discourses, Arrian writes that “whatever I used to hear him say I wrote down, word for word, as best I could...”
article continues after advertisement
In the same prefatory note, Arrian also claims that the Discourses “have somehow, without my knowledge or intention, fallen into the public’s hands.”
Such, in any case, is the public story, but it is possible that Epictetus wrote the rather polished Discourses himself, with Arrian’s claimed authorship being no more than a subterfuge (or literary device) aimed at creating an impression of rawness.
Of the eight original books, only four have come down to us, and we also have the more portable Encheiridion, which is a digest of the Discourses—the word encheiridion [Greek, en + kheir, literally, “in hand”] meaning something like ‘”to have at hand”, originally with reference to a dagger or knife.
Legacy
According to Origen, by the third century, Epictetus’ renown exceeded that of Plato.
Plato is only found in the hands of those reputed to be philologists. By contrast, Epictetus is admired by ordinary people who have the desire to be benefited and who perceive improvement from his writings.
In the ninth century, al-Kindi, the “Father of Arab Philosophy”, wrote a Device for Dispelling Sorrows which appears to have been influenced by Stoicism—for instance, in the contention that sorrow arises from thwarted desire, or the contention that sorrow is more a matter of convention than of nature.
In a striking analogy, which also features in the Encheiridion, al-Kindi compares life to a landfall during a much longer sea voyage back to our homeland, and warns us, as Epictetus did, not to get so caught up by the fruits and flowers as to forget about the ship.
In the first major book on rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), the forerunner of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the psychotherapist Albert Ellis (d. 2007) acknowledged his debt to Stoicism and framed his project by quoting a line from the Encheiridion: “Men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of them.”
The US fighter pilot James Stockdale (d. 2005) credited Epictetus with helping him endure and survive the most horrendous torture and captivity in war-torn Vietnam, including four years in solitary confinement in a 3’ by 9’ concrete, windowless cell.
When his A-4 Skyhawk jet fell out of the sky, Stockdale said to himself, as he parachuted down into the jungle, “I’m leaving the world of technology and entering the world of Epictetus!”
More than seven years later, Stockdale finally came out of Vietnam, and, in 1992, ran for Vice President on Ross Perot’s independent ticket.
Neel Burton is author of Stoic Stories: Stoicism by Its Best Stories.