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EXPRESSION PRACTICE & EXERCISE (3) INSTRUCTOR KIM SOO-YEON
1. 이 지역의 3백만 주민에게 더 많은 물을 공급할 수 있는 최선의 가능성: their best chance for ~ for the area’s ~
2. 하수로 흘러가 버리다: go ~
3. 지역 수도 위생 관계자들이 어떤 아이디어를 쾌히 받아들였다: local water and sanitation officials ~
4. 폐수를 깨끗한 식수로 전환하다: turning ~ clean drinking water
5. 우리가 지역 차원에서 새로운 상수 시스템을 개발하는 것이 중요하다: It's important that we develop ~ ~
6. 이 지역이 가뭄 피해를 입지 않도록 하는데 기여할 수 있다: we can help ~ this area
7.이로 인해 우리가 제어할 수 있는 급수 시스템을 갖게 된다: ~ us a ~ that we have control over
8. 한 때 하수였던 식수: drinking water that had ~
9. 이 구상을 일반에 설득시키다:To ~ the idea to ~
10. 알림용 동영상을 만들다: ~
11. 지역 포럼을 개최하다: ~ community forums
12. 이런 노력들이 큰 효과를 봤다: The efforts ~
13. 이 프로젝트에 대한 일반의 반대가 거의 없었다: There was nearly ~ to the project
14. 지역 시 의회의원: local ~
15. 과거에는 부분적으로 정화된 폐수를 펌프를 이용해 바다에 방류했었다: used to ~ partially cleaned wastewater ~
16. 3단게 정수 처리 과정을 거치다: goes through a ~ process
17. 사람이 사용하기에 적합하게 만들다: make it ~ ~
18. 폐수가 구멍들을 통과하도록 만들다: wastewater is ~
19. 구멍 하나가 사람 머리카락보다 300배 작다: Each hole is ~
20. 골프장 용수로 사용되다: be used to ~
21. 펌프를 이용해 그 물을 특정 지역으로 보내게 된다: ~ the water to an area
22. 미네랄들과 잔류오염물질들을 걸러낸다: ~ minerals and remaining ~
23. 음용수로 적합하다: is good ~
24. 그 중 절반은 펌프를 이용해 호수로 방류된다: half of it is ~ lakes
25. 결국 지표로 스며들다: eventually ~
EXPRESSION PRACTICE & EXERCISE (3) INSTRUCTOR KIM SOO-YEON
1. 우리 나라가 외국인 투자를 유치하려면 친기업적 방향으로 최대한 규제를 완화하는 것이 최선이다.
This country’s best chance for attracting foreign investment is deregulating as much as possible in a pro-business way.
2. 우리 나라는 강수량이 가장 많은 여름 몇 달 동안 물을 최대한 활용하지 못하고 그냥 방류해버리는 몇 안되는 나라 중 하나이다.
Korea is one of the few countries which just let go down the drain the wettest summer months instead of making the most out of it.
3. 선물을 받았지만 마음에 들지 않는 경우 되파는 것이 좋다는 아이디어에 사람들이 좋은 반응을 보이고 있다.
Consumers are buying into the idea that it’s O.K. to resell what you receive as a gift but you don’t want it.
4. 간단한 몇 가지 과정만 따라서 하면 염수를 식로 바꿀 수 있다.
You can turn salt water into drinking water by following simple steps.
5. 물 공급이 부족하거나 제대로 급수가 되지 않는 지역들을 위해서 물을 공급할 수 있는 새로운 대안을 찾는 것이 우리로서 급선무이다.
It is urgent that we develop new water supplies for regions which suffer the inadequacy or maldistribution of water supplies.
6. 가뭄에도 견딜 수 있는 잔디는 획기적인 기술로서 기존의 잔디에 비해 탁월하다.
Drought-proof lawn is an innovative breakthough and is superior to traditional grass lawns.
7. 물을 끓이지 않고도 끓인 물 못지 않은 안전성을 보장하는 것은 이 정수기 밖에 없다.
It is the only purifier that gives you water that is ‘as safe as boiled water without boiling
8. 45분 전만 하더라도 하수였던 물 한 잔을 마셔봤는데 생수보다 맛이 훨씬 좋았다.
I drank a glass of water that just 45 minutes earlier had been sewage. The water tasted much better than bottled water.
9. 외국 기업들이 한국에 투자하도록 만들고 싶다면 먼저 그 나라의 정치인들과 국민들을 설득해야 한다.
Do you want foreign businesses to invest in this country? First, sell the idea to the country’s politicians and public.
10. 요즈음에 특정 질병 및 그 예방법을 다룬 동영상 자료들이 인터넷에 많이 나와 있고 유용하다.
These days there are a lot of informational videos available online about some diseases and how to prevent them. They can be useful.
PBS (LISTENING COMPREHENSION AND SPEAKING Level-up) APRIL, 2008
PBS NEWSHOUR TOPIC 3. Water Recycling Efforts Spark Policy Debate in
In water-strapped southern
JUDY WOODRUFF: Finally tonight, a very different way of dealing with water shortages in
JEFFREY KAYE: In Orange County, California, officials thought their best chance for getting more water for the area's three million residents was going down the drain, billions of gallons of wastewater going to waste.
Then, local water and sanitation officials bought into an idea: turning that wastewater into clean drinking water.
MIKE MARKUS, Orange County Water District: This project is extremely important today, because the southland is facing a water crisis.
JEFFREY KAYE: Mike Markus is general manager of the Orange County Water District. He oversaw the design and construction of a recently opened water purification plant, the largest of its kind in the world.
MIKE MARKUS: It's important that we develop new water supplies locally so that we can help somewhat drought-proof this area. And that's exactly what this project does: It gives us a water supply that we have control over that will provide enough water for a half-million people in northern and central
JEFFREY KAYE: But what would residents think of drinking water that had once been sewage, a program some critics called "toilet-to-tap"?
VIDEO NARRATOR:
JEFFREY KAYE: To sell the idea to the public, they produced informational videos and hosted community forums. The efforts paid off. There was nearly zero public opposition to the project, says sanitation board member and local City Councilman Larry Crandall.
LARRY CRANDALL, Orange County Sanitation Board: I believe it's because we taught them through educational resources to understand what the process is. And I believe that if you educate people about what it is, they're going to understand it. And if they understand it, they're going to accept it.
The purification process
JEFFREY KAYE: Orange County authorities used to pump partially cleaned wastewater into the ocean, but now 70 million gallons a day of that treated sewer water goes through a three-step purification process to make it fit for human consumption.
First, wastewater is forced through holes in tiny tubes in membranes. Each hole is 300 times smaller than a human hair.
MIKE MARKUS: So what it will do is it will remove any bacteria, protozoa, or suspended solids that are in the water.
JEFFREY KAYE: Is the water that comes out of this drinkable?
MIKE MARKUS: No, no, no, it's not drinkable. The water that comes out of here is actually equivalent to recycled water that would be used to irrigate golf courses or greenbelts.
JEFFREY KAYE: Next, pumps send the water to an area where stacks of white tubes contain thin plastic membranes. The water is forced through the membranes, which filter out minerals and remaining pollutants, including viruses and pharmaceuticals.
In the final step, the water is exposed to ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide. This process is supposed to assure that no trace organic materials remain in the water.
At this point, county officials insist the water is good enough to drink, but it doesn't go to people's homes just yet. Instead, half of it is pumped into lakes, where it will eventually seep into the ground and replenish
MIKE MARKUS: After a period of time of about six months to a year, the various cities will then pump it out of the ground and put it directly into their water distribution systems for consumption.
JEFFREY KAYE: The rest of the water is used to fight off a huge threat to
Raising health concerns
JEFFREY KAYE: Authorities run frequent tests on the recycled water and say it exceeds federal and state drinking water standards, but not everyone has embraced the notion of drinking former sewage.
In the city of
Last year, San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders vetoed a plan to create a wastewater recycling project.
Jim Barrett, director of the city's public utilities department, says instead of reclaiming sewer water, the mayor thought there would be more public support for water conservation plans and desalination plants.
JIM BARRETT, San Diego County Water Authority: I believe there is less resistance to drinking desalinated ocean water than there is to drinking reclaimed sewage water. I do believe there is a difference in the majority of people's minds, and it's the "yuck" factor.
JEFFREY KAYE: Barrett questions the safety of reclaimed water, and he says
JIM BARRETT: I've still got 190 miles of cast-iron pipe out of the 3,400 miles I own. I've got to get that out of the ground first. I've got to finish my treatment plants first before I feel I have the ability to go look at things like unproven, untested, unwanted reclaimed drinking water.
BRUCE REZNIK, San Diego Coastkeeper: I think they foment the criticism and the fear that they claim to be responding to.
Other water sources under scrutiny
JEFFREY KAYE: Bruce Reznik is the executive director of San Diego Coastkeeper, a local environmental watchdog group. He embraces the term "toilet-to-tap" and says it's a cost-effective way for
The city now gets about 90 percent of its water from Northern California and the
BRUCE REZNIK: Our water supply isn't clean and pure now. We might have some vision of some sparkling, pristine stream which is where we get our drinking water.
You look at the
So we need to get over the notion that we're already -- you know, we're drinking some kind of pure water and toilet-to-tap is something that's unsafe.
JEFFREY KAYE: Hostility towards recycling water in
Back in
JUDY WOODRUFF: We have much more about the recycling of water on our Web site, including a place for you to ask questions. You can find it all at PBS.org.
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