Re:그럼 RHEL4에서는 LVM 파일시스템을 온라인(on line)에서 umount 하지 않고 resize 할 수 있을까?

[이누기]

출처: http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-3175

ONLINE상에서 가능하다

그러나 사실 이 방법은 그리 권장하지는 않는듯하다.

아래의 문서를 보면 미리 데이타를 백업해두면 좋고, resize 후에도 UMOUNT 하고 e2fsck등으로 파일시스템을 체크할 것을 권장하고 있다.

왠만하면 파일시스템을 umount 한 후에 정상적인 상황에서 resize하는 것을 권장하겠다.

What is the procedure to increase the size of an LVM2 logical volume and its filesystem?

Article ID: 3175 - Created on: Jan 16, 2005 6:00 PM - Last Modified:  Mar 3, 2009 3:45 PM

Release Found: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

It is recommended that a resizing procedure be tested before performing it on a filesystem that contains critical data. It is also strongly recommended that data backups are created and verified before resizing filesystems. To assist the reader in becoming familiar with the resizing procedure, the rest of this article describes a scenario in which un-partitioned disk space is used to test logical volume and ext3 filesystem resizing.

In this test procedure, first we create a new partition (/dev/hda2) using un-partitioned disk space. A new volume group (TestVG) and logical volume (TestLV) are then created using a physical volume created on the partition. An ext3 filesystem is then created on the logical volume, it is checked, and then mounted. A new physical volume (/dev/hda3) using the rest of the un-partioned disk space is then created and added to the volume group and logical volume. Finally, the filesystem on the logical volume is increased, and the integrity of the filesystem is checked.

In this test procedure, the parted, lvm, mount, mkfs.ext3, df, e2fsck and ext2online programs are used. The reader is encouraged to become familiar with these programs by consulting the manual pages. For example:

# man parted

PARTED(8)                          GNU Parted Manual          PARTED(8)

NAME
       GNU Parted - a partition manipulation program

SYNOPSIS
       parted [options] [device [command [options...]...]]
...

The parted and lvm programs can be run in either interactive or non-interactive mode. This article restricts all the examples to non-interactive modes. The reader is also encouraged to consult the parted and lvm online help available for all their built in commands to understand the command syntax for these programs.

Creating a new partition for the new physical volume

The parted program can be used to verify that un-partitioned disk space is available using the print command:

# parted /dev/hda print
Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0.000-76318.054 megabytes
Disk label type: msdos
Minor    Start       End     Type      Filesystem  Flags
1          0.031    101.975  primary   ext3        boot
4      31118.093  76316.594  extended
5      31220.099  76316.594  logical   ext3        lvm
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

In this case the output of the parted print command shows that there is unallocated space between 101.975 (At the end of partition 1) to 31118.093 (The beginning of partition 4) on the /dev/hda device.

A new partition is created using only some of the available disk space, using the parted mkpart command, then the printcommand is used to verify:

# parted /dev/hda "mkpart primary 101.976 2500"
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

# parted /dev/hda print
Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0.000-76318.054 megabytes
Disk label type: msdos
Minor    Start       End     Type      Filesystem  Flags
1          0.031    101.975  primary   ext3        boot
2        101.975   2502.312  primary   ext3
4      31118.093  76316.594  extended
5      31220.099  76316.594  logical   ext3        lvm
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

After the new partition is created, the partition table must be re-read by the kernel before the new partition can be utilized. This can be done by either rebooting the system or by running the partprobe command.

Create the new physical volume on the new partition

The lvm program is used to manipulate LVM2 volume groups, logical volumes and physical volumes. First use the lvm pvscommand to list the physical volumes already present. Then the pvcreate command is used to create the new physical volume using the new partition, and the pvs command again to verify the new physical volume:

# lvm pvs
  PV         VG         Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/hda5  VolGroup00 lvm2 a-   44.03G    0

# lvm pvcreate /dev/hda2
  Physical volume "/dev/hda2" successfully created

# lvm pvs
  PV         VG         Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/hda2             lvm2 --    2.34G 2.34G

  /dev/hda5  VolGroup00 lvm2 a-   44.03G    0

Create a new volume group for a new logical volume

When creating a new volume group, at least one physical volume must be available. That physical volume must be used to create the new volume group. Notice that a volume group called VolGrouop00 already exists:

# lvm vgs
  VG         #PV #LV #SN Attr  VSize  VFree
  VolGroup00   1   2   0 wz--n 44.03G    0

# lvm vgcreate TestVG /dev/hda2
  Volume group "TestVG" successfully created

# lvm vgs
  VG         #PV #LV #SN Attr  VSize  VFree
  TestVG       1   0   0 wz--n  2.34G 2.34G
  VolGroup00   1   2   0 wz--n 44.03G    0

Note that new volume groups must be activated using the lvm vgchange -a y command:

# lvm vgchange -a y TestVG
  0 logical volume(s) in volume group "TestVG" now active

Now there is a new directory in /dev for the volume group:

# ls -ld /dev/TestVG
drwx------  2 root root 60 Jan 17 17:48 /dev/TestVG

Create a test logical volume in the new volume group

In this case I wish to allocate all of the volume group's physical extents (available disk space) to a new logical volume. First, use the lvm vgdisplay command to show details of the TestVG volume group:

# lvm vgdisplay TestVG
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               TestVG
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               2.34 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              598
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       598 / 2.34 GB
  VG UUID               ebStj9-3KYx-asoc-JBt3-N9kU-vONW-4VdpTB

The total free physical extent of the volume group is "Free PE / Size 598 / 2.34 GB". Use the value 598 in the lvm lvcreatecommand to create the new logical volume:

# lvm lvs
  LV       VG         Attr   LSize  Origin Snap%  Move Copy%
  LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 43.03G
  LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao  1.00G

# lvm lvcreate -l598 TestVG -nTestLV
  Logical volume "TestLV" created

# lvm lvs
  LV       VG         Attr   LSize  Origin Snap%  Move Copy%
  TestLV   TestVG     -wi-a-  2.34G
  LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 43.03G
  LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao  1.00G

Now a new device has been added to the /dev/TestVG directory:

# ls -l /dev/TestVG
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 25 Jan 17 17:48 TestLV -> /dev/mapper/TestVG-TestLV

The new device is in fact a symbolic link to /dev/mapper/TestVG-TestLV which is the device node created by the device mapper.

Create a file system on the new logical volume

The new file system on the logical volume is created by using the mkfs.ext3 program:

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/TestVG/TestLV
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
max_blocks 627048448, rsv_groups = 19136, rsv_gdb = 149
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
306432 inodes, 612352 blocks
30617 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=629145600
19 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16128 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
inode.i_blocks = 7160, i_size = 4243456
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

Then check the file system using e2fsck program:

#  e2fsck -f /dev/TestVG/TestLV
e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/TestVG/TestLV: 11/306432 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 18728/612352 blocks

Mount the new file system

Before mounting the new file system , create a new mount point, then mount the new logical volume's file system on that mount point. After mounting the file system, run the df program to verify the disk space available:

# mkdir /mnt/test
# mount /dev/TestVG/TestLV /mnt/test

# df -h /mnt/test
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/TestVG-TestLV
                      2.3G   36M  2.2G   2% /mnt/test

The resize test procedure

This is the general procedure to increase a filesystem. Begin by adding a new physical volume.

Create a new partition that will contain a new physical volume

Using parted as before, run the print command to view the partitions, and then mkpart to create a new partition, and runpartprobe to reload the partition table:

# parted /dev/hda print
Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0.000-76318.054 megabytes
Disk label type: msdos
Minor    Start       End     Type      Filesystem  Flags
1          0.031    101.975  primary   ext3        boot
2        101.975   2502.312  primary   ext3
4      31118.093  76316.594  extended
5      31220.099  76316.594  logical   ext3        lvm
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

There is un-partitioned disk space available between 2502.312 (The end of partition 2) and 31118.093 (The beginning of partition 4):

# parted /dev/hda "mkpart primary 2502.313 31118.092"
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

# parted /dev/hda print
Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0.000-76318.054 megabytes
Disk label type: msdos
Minor    Start       End     Type      Filesystem  Flags
1          0.031    101.975  primary   ext3        boot
2        101.975   2502.312  primary   ext3
3       2502.312  31118.093  primary
4      31118.093  76316.594  extended
5      31220.099  76316.594  logical   ext3        lvm
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

# partprobe

Create the physical volume

The new physical volume is created as before, by running the lvm pvcreate command. The new physical volume will be on/dev/hda3:

# lvm pvs
  PV         VG         Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/hda2  TestVG     lvm2 a-    2.34G    0
  /dev/hda5  VolGroup00 lvm2 a-   44.03G    0

# lvm pvcreate /dev/hda3
  Physical volume "/dev/hda3" successfully created

# lvm pvs
  PV         VG         Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/hda2  TestVG     lvm2 a-    2.34G     0
  /dev/hda3             lvm2 --   27.94G 27.94G
  /dev/hda5  VolGroup00 lvm2 a-   44.03G     0

Add the physical volume to the volume group

The physical volume is added to the TestVG volume group using the lvm vgextend command:

# lvm vgextend TestVG /dev/hda3
  Volume group "TestVG" successfully extended

# lvm pvs
  PV         VG         Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/hda2  TestVG     lvm2 a-    2.34G     0
  /dev/hda3  TestVG     lvm2 a-   27.94G 27.94G
  /dev/hda5  VolGroup00 lvm2 a-   44.03G     0

Extend the logical volume in the volume group

As before, first look at the physical extent of the volume group using the lvm vgdisplay command. It shows that TestVG has 7153 free extents in "Free PE / Size 7153 / 27.94 GB":

# lvm vgdisplay TestVG
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               TestVG
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               30.28 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              7751
  Alloc PE / Size       598 / 2.34 GB
  Free  PE / Size       7153 / 27.94 GB
  VG UUID               ebStj9-3KYx-asoc-JBt3-N9kU-vONW-4VdpTB

To use all the free physical extents on the volume group, use the lvm lvextend command with the option -l+7153. This adds the 7153 free extents to the logical volume:

# lvm lvextend -l+7153 /dev/TestVG/TestLV
  Extending logical volume TestLV to 30.28 GB
  Logical volume TestLV successfully resized

The file system now has space on the logical volume in which to grow.

Increase the file system

After extending the volume group and the logical volume, it is now possible to increase the file system. This is done usingext2online. First, verify the file system size, perform the resize, and then verify the size again:

# df -h /mnt/test
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/TestVG-TestLV
                      2.3G   36M  2.2G   2% /mnt/test

# ext2online /dev/TestVG/TestLV
ext2online v1.1.18 - 2001/03/18 for EXT2FS 0.5b

# df -h /mnt/test
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/TestVG-TestLV
                       30G   39M   29G   1% /mnt/test

Check the file system integrity after the resize procedure

The file system should be un-mounted before doing a file system check:

#  e2fsck -f /dev/TestVG/TestLV
e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
/dev/TestVG/TestLV is mounted.

WARNING!!!  Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause
SEVERE filesystem damage.

Do you really want to continue (y/n)? no

check aborted.

# umount /mnt/test

#  e2fsck -f /dev/TestVG/TestLV
e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/TestVG/TestLV: 11/3919104 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 132827/7937024 blocks

Conclusion

The procedure to test online resizing of filesystems is quite complex. It is important to practice the procedure and become familiar with the programs and commands. Once this is done, and reasonable precautions such as backing up important data are taken, it should be safe to resize your filesystems.