기타자료 DICTIONARY OF KOREAN BUDDHIST TERMS/Korean-English

[홍우식]

DICTIONARY OF KOREAN BUDDHIST TERMS

ㄱ .
甘露 : Amrta. Abrosia. Seeet dew.
見性 : To discover one's Buddha nature. To directly realize one's own Buddhahood. Seeing Buddha-nature of Buddhahood.
見性成佛 : To discover one's Buddha nature and thus realize Buddhahood.
結과趺坐 : Lotus Posture. A seated posture in which both feet are placed on the opposite thigh.
苦行 : Ascetic practice.
空 : Emptiness. Sunya(skt.)
過去七佛 : Seven Buddhas of the Past.
Vipasyn-비파시불, Sikhin-서기불, Visvabhu-비사부불, Krakuchanda-구류손불, kanakanumi-구나함모니불, kasyapa-가섭불, and Sakyamuni-석가모니불. The first three Buddhas appeared during the 장엄겁. The second four Buddhas appeared during the present kalpa.
.果報 : Karmic results.
敎理 : Doctrine.
極樂 : Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha. Sunkhavati(s)
극락왕생 : live eternally in the paradise.
서방정토 : Western Pure land.
깨달음 : Awakening. Enlightenment. lumination
계율 : Precepts
경책 : admonition
부처님의 가피 : blessing from Buddha.
금욕 : acesticism. renunciation.

ㄷ
頓悟 : sudden awakening.
頓悟頓修 : Sudden-enlightenment and sudden cultivation.
頓悟漸修 : sudden-enlightenment and gradual
cultivation. A practice/enlightenment taxonomy advocated by TsungOmi and Chinul.
頭陀行 : Ascetic practices that the Buddha allowed,

ㅁ
無念 : Non-thought. Advocated in the Zen approach.
無常 : Impermanent. Transitory
無我 : Non-self. The Buddhist doctrine that there is no underlying
substance to the ego. This is one of the most fundamental doctrines of Buddhism. anatman(s)
망상 : Delusions
묵언 : Silence
무정 : non-sentient beings
유정 : sentient beings

ㅂ
般若 : Profound wisdom. prajna(s)
發心 : Activation of the bodhicitta. First of the ten abidings. The formal entrance onto the bodhisattva path.
發願文 : A written statement of one's vow.
放生 : Release of living beings. A ceremony in which captured fish or birds being sold for food in the market are bought and released into their natural habitat.
百中 : The Buddhist All Souls' Day.
百八煩惱 : The 108 defilements that man is subject to.
煩惱 : lusions. Mental functions which disturb the mind.
法 : Dharma
菩提樹 : The bodhi-tree. The tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.
佛: Buddha. The Awakened One. The Enlightened One. Thus come one
佛法僧: The Buddha. Dharma, and Sangha. The Three Jewels.
佛性 : Buddhatta. Buddha Nature.
本性 : Ones orignal nature
방편 : Skill in means. (s) Upaya
본사 : home temple/ monastery
말사 : regional/branch temple or monastery
불교교리 : Buddhist doctrine

ㅅ
사경하다 : Sutra duplication
성지순례 : Pilgrimage
속세를 끊다 : renounce the world
四恩 : The four benefactors. Those to whom one is beholden for one's progress.
The lists vary; teacher, parents, ruler, supporter, mother, father, the Tathagata, the teacher who explains Dharma; parents, sentient, beings, ruler, the Three Treasures.
舍利 : (s)Sarira. Relics. The cremated bones of the Buddha or a Buddhist adept
봉안하다 : enschrine
사바세계 : (s)Saha. This world. Also called the place for 'endurance and patience' since living beings must endure all sorts of mental defilement, and the holy ones who work to save these beings must put up with weary toil.
三拜 : Three prostrations. Performed by a lay-person when formally greeting a monk, by monks when greeting each other, or to the statue of the Buddha, etc. when one first enters the Shrine Hall of temple.
삼법인 : Three marks of existence, impermanence, non-self, suffering
三寶 : The Three Jewels. (Refuges, Treasures, Triple Gem)
When a person has studied Buddhism so that he or she feels confidence in it, that person takes refuge in the Three jewels; The Buddha, The Dharma, and The Sangha. This act makes a person officially a Buddhist.
三寶寺刹 ; Monasteries of the Triple Gem, namely; T'ongdosa(reprenting the Buddha), Haeinsa(reprenting the Dharma), and Songgwangsa(reoenting the Sangha)
삼세여래 : The three Tathagatas: Sakyamuni, Bhaisajyaguru, Amitabha.
삼십이상 : The Thirty-two Marks.
1)Level feet -족하암평립상 : 발바닥이 평평하여 서 있기에 편안하다.
2)thousand-spoke wheel-sign on feet-족하이륜상: 발바닥에 두 개의 바퀴 모양의 무늬가 있다.
3)long slender fingers- 정자성 : 손가락이 길다.
4)pliant hands and feet - 족근광평상 : 발꿈치가 넓고 평평하다.
5)toes and fingers finely webbed- 수족지만만상 : 손가락과 발가락 사이에 비단 같은 막이 있다.
6)full-sized heels-
7)arched insteps-
8)thighs like a royal stag - 천여록왕상 : 장딴지가 사슴왕과 같다.
9)hands reaching below the knees - 정립수마슬상 : 팡을 펴면 손이 무릎까지 내려간다.
10)well-retracted male organ- 음장상 : 음경이 몸 안에 감추어져 있다.
11)height amd stretch of arms equal - 신광장등상 : 신체의 가로 세로가 같다.
12)every hair-root dark coloured - 모상향상 : 털이 위로 향해 있다.
13)boddy hair graceful and curly - 일일공일모생상 : 털구멍마다 하나의 털이 있다.
14)dolden-hued doby -금색상 : 몸이 금빛이다.
15)a ten-foot halo around him - 장광상 : 몸에서 나오는 빛이 두루 비춘다.
16)soft smooth skin-세박피상 : 피부가 부드럽고 얇다.
17)both soles, both palms, both shoulders and crown well rounded--칠처륭만상: 두 발바닥과 두 손바닥, 두어깨와 정수리가 두텁고 풍만하다.
18)below the armpits well-filled-양엑하륭만상 : 두 겨드랑이가 두텁고 풍만하다.
19)lion-shaped body -상시니여사자상 : 상반신이 사자와 같다.
20)stands erect-대직신상; 신체가 크고 곧다.
21)full shoulders-견원만상 : 어깨가 원만하다.
22)forty teeth-사십치상 : 치아가 마흔 개다.
23)teeth white, even and close - 치제상 : 치아가 가지런하다.
24)the four canine teeth pure white-아백상 : 어금니가 희다.
25)lion-jawed- 사자협상 : 뺨이 사자와 같다.
26)saliva improving the taste of all food - 미중득상미상 ; 맛 중에서 가장 좋은 맛을 느낀다.
27)tongue long and broad-대설상 : 혀가 크다.
28) voice deep and resonant -범성상 ; 음성이 맑다
29)eye deep blue-진청안상 : 눈동자가 검푸르다
30)eye lashes like a royal bull _ 우안첩상 : 속눈썹이 소와 같다.
31)a white urna or curl between the eyebrows emitting light-백모상 ; 두 눈썹 사이에
흰 털이 있다.
32)an usnisa or fleshy protuberance on the crown - 정계상 ; 정수리가 상투 모양으로 돋아나 있다.

삽십칠조도품 : The Thirty-seven factors of enlightenment.
色 : Form
禪 : Zen Meditation, the characteristic feature of the zen school, a Buddhist school, originating in China, which focuses on meditation and direct experience. Dhyana, Ch'an.
선사 : Zen Master.
선문답: Encounter dialogue. Zen dialogue.
禪宗 : Zen Schoold. A Buddhist sect which began in China and later spred to korea, , Japan and Vietnnam. In this sect, meditation and the importance of direct experience of reality is stressed.
선불교: Zen Buddhism
善知識 : A good friend. 1. Some who introduces another person to the doctrines of the Buddha and thus helps that person to excape from the realm of suffering.
2. Anyone, regardless of age, sex or social status, through which one gets a karmic affinity with Buddhism.
설법 : Buddhist sermon
成佛 : Realing Buddhahood. Becoming a Buddha
'성불합시다' May we attain buddhahood'
성문:(s)Sravaka. An immerdiate disciple of the Buddha; follower of the Hinyana path
세존 : World Honored One. An epithet used especially for the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni.
授戒 : ordination
修行 : Cultivation
신구의 : Deportment, words(speech), thoughts. All actions performed through body, speech or mind. Karma.
十牛圖 : The Ten Ox-herding Pictures

ㅇ
惡口 : To speak ill of others. One of the ten misdeeds.
惡業 : (s)Akusala-karman. Bad deeds which produce a corresponding bad result.
安居 /결제:(s) Varse. The Retreat season. The meditation season.
하안거 : Summer retreat
동안거 : winter retreat
해제 : vacation. Free season. Wandering season.
양력 : Western calendar
음력 : Chinese/lunar calendar
業 : (s)Karma. Intentional deeds which produce a corresponding result.
涅槃 :Nirvana. Nirvana is a Sanskrit word which is originally translated as 'perfect stillness.' It has many other meanings, such as liberation, eternal bliss, tranquil extinction, extinction of individual existence, unconditioned, no rebirth, calm joy, etc.
연각: (s)prayekabuddha
연등 : Lotus lantern
염화미소 ; 'mahakasyapa smiled when he saw the Buddha hold up a flower.' During one his dharma talks, the Buddha held up a flower. Everyone was baffled except for Mahakasyapa who smiled. The Zen School considers this to be the initial transmission of the profound Dharma from the Buddha to future generations of seekers.
오근: 1. The five senses. 2. Faith, energy, awareness, concentrations,
and wisdom = 오력
오매일여 : Continuos awareness whether awake or asleep.
五蘊: (s)Pancaskanda. The five aggregates. The fundamental constituents of a living being; 1)form-색 2)feeling-수 3)perception-상 4)volitional actions-행
5)consciousness-식
六道 ; The Six destinies 1)Hell-지옥도 2)hungry Ghost Realm-아귀도
3)Animal Realm-축생도 4)Realm of Fighting Spirits-수라도 5)Human Realm-인간도
6)Heavens-천도
六處 : Five sense organs and the mind.
輪廻 : (s)samsara. transmigration. The endless round of rebirth. reincarnation.
이뭤고(이것이 무엇인고 : shihshenma) 'what is this?' 'who am I?'
(Phrase is said to come from a meeting between Huineng and Nan-yueh Huai-jang described in the Yuan Dynasty recension of the Platform Sutra.
In Korea, '이뭤고' is believed to be the basic question underlying all koans.
因果 : Cause and effect
因果應報 : Karmic result. Corresponding retribution for one's actions to the law of cause and effect.
因緣 : Causes and conditions
六處 :Five sense organ and the mind

ㅈ
慈悲 : Compassion
自性 : Self-nature. The fundamental essence phenomenon.
自恣 :(s)Pravarana. Confession and repentance of misdeeds. A ceremony held during the last day of the summer retreat
傳法: Formal, public conderal of a master's teaching to someone who has already received inka. Official recognition of the student's ability to teach others.
전생 : Previous life. a former life
내생 : The future life. the life to come. next life
재생 : revival. rebirth a return to life.
종교 : a religion, a faith./ a religious man(종교인)
祖師禪 : Zen of the Patriarchs
宗派 : A sect. Sectarian
종단 : Order
坐禪 : Sitting meditation
죽림정사 : The first Buddhist temple
중도 : The middle path
중생 : (s)Sattva. Sentient beings

ㅊ
청신녀 : A female Buddhist
出家 : Going forth from one's home into the homeless life. Becoming a monastic
창설자 : founding man
창건하다 : praising Buddha

ㅍ
八相 : Depiction of the eight main events of the Buddha's life
eight paintings of Sakyamuni's Life-often placed somewhere in the back of the Main Hall.
1) 도솔내의상: The Buddha descending in a white elephant from the Tusita Heaven
2) Buddha entering maya's womb-룸비니 동산에서 탄생하는 모습
3) 사문유관상: Birth
4) Renunciation-성을 넘어 출가하는 모습
5) 설산수도상: Surrender of the Demons
6) 항마촉진상: Enlightenment
7) 초전법륜상: Turning the wheel of the law
8) Entering paranirvana-사라쌍수 아래에서 열반에 드는 모습
포살 : (s)Uposadha, posadha, upavasatha, upavasa, Confession and repentance ceremony held during the full moon and the new moon.
포교하다 : propagate. spread Dharma.

ㅎ
行 : 1. Action. Praxis 2.(s)Pratipatti. Buddhist cultivation. Bodhisattva action.
행주좌와 : Walking, stading, lying or sitting down
話頭 : A koan's 'critical phrase/, the 'punch-line' of a koan(According to the folk etymology, the term literally means the 'head of speech', This is wrong. '頭' is merely a grammatical partical) kind of riddles and paradoxical sayings by zen masters.
回向 : Transference of merit
和尙 : (s)Upadhyaya. A buddhist monk
환생 : reincarnation. rebirth, revival. be born again, come back to life. cycle of rebirth
호국불교 : Buddhism for national protection
해탈 : emancipation
화장/다비 : cremation

Buddhist Terms

절 : temple
암자 : hermitage
토굴 : private residence
스님 : venerable, reverned. monk. nun
승가 : sangha
승가대학 : sangha college/monk's school
조계종 : Chogye Order
불가 : Buddhist Community
법명 : Dharma name/ ordained name
법문 : Dharma talk
법회 : Dharma meeting/assembly, Buddhist gathering
백팔배 : 108 bows/prostrations
백팔참회 : 10 repentances
의식 : Buddhist rituals
예불 : worship/service
염불 : Chanting
독경 : chant/recite sutras
새벽/아침 예불 : morning service
저녁예불 : evening service
도량석 : wake up chant
출가하다 : entering the Buddhist priesthood
계를받다 : become ordained, renounce the world
수행하다 : To practice cultivativation
정진하다 : practice meditation/spirtual exercise
기도(하다): religious practice. pray
향(피우다): to offer(burn, light) incense
참선(하다) : meditation/to practice
합장: To put hands together, Buddhist greeting putting palms together
합장하다 : bow with hands joined/folded
주력 : sayings of the Buddha or great masters - often written by masters in special calligraphy

System
총림 : (s)Vana. Training monasteries. Four big monasteries in Korea that provide comprehensive training for monks. The four monasteries are : T'ongdosa, Haeinsa, Songgwongsa, and Sudoksa
선사 : Zen master
비구스님 : monk, venerable, reverend, sunim
비구니스님 : Buddhist nuns
비구.비구니계 : The Bhikhu/Bhikkhuni precepts
강사스님 : lecturer, Head lecturer, Sutra teacher
강주 : dean
은사스님 : Vocation master, teacher
상좌/제자 : disciple
소좌/납자 : Zen practitioners
사형 : spiritual brother(elder)
사제 : spiritual brother(younger)
성직자 : priesthood
속인 : laypeople
거사 : laymen
보살 : laywomen
보살계 : The Bodhisattva precepts
불자 : Buddhist
행자 : trainees/postulants/Prospective ordinaned/A novice
사미 : novices
사미. 사미계 : The Sami/Samini precepts/Rules for novices
종정 : Supreme master/head/spiritual leader
방장스님 : Zen Master. Chief of the precincts. (This title is reserved for the Zen Masters of the four main training monasteries
율사 : Vinaya Master/Discipline teacher/precept Master
조실 : Official title of the resident Zen Master
주지 : Chief Monk. Abbot. Monastic who holds executive control over the support positions of the monastery.
총무 : a Sunim who is in charge of general affairs.
교무 : Catechist/a sunim who is in charge of education
재무 : a sunim who is in charge of financial affairs
총무원장 : President of order headquarters.

NAMES OF BUILDINGS
일주문 : one pillar gate, one span gate
사천왕문 : The Four heavenly kings. four Grardins gate
불이문 : Non-duality gate
대웅전 : main hall, dharma hall. main dharma hall. main buddha hall. main sanctuary
법당 :main Dharma hall
관음전 : Avalokitesvara hal, a boddhisattva known for compassion
지장전/명부전 : Ksitigarbha hall, a boddhisattva of the deceased
약사전 : healing Buddha hall
미륵전 : maitreya hall, future Buddha
극락전 : Amita Buddha hall
나한전/웅진전 : arhat's hall
설법전 : Teaching hall -where people gather to hear a lecture
산신각 : shrine for mountain god
삼성각 : shrine for three stars
독성각 : shrine for lonely saint, independant
칠성각 : shrine for the seven stars
선방 : meditation hall
종구 : bell tower
공양간/후원 : dining place or kitchen
오사채 : living quarters
종무소 : offic, Temple office
종무소직원 : clerk
종각 : Bell Tower(Hall)
보물장 : Temple Museum
장경각 : Hall for storing Sutras, For keeping Sutras.
시자실 : attendant's room
해우소 : toilet, ladies & gents
경내 : courtyard

Things
불상 : statue
목불 : wooden statue
석불 : stone statue
벽화/탱화 : wall painting, Buddhist painting behind th Buddha statue
A buddhist scroll painting. A Buddhist religious painting
탑 : pagoda, stupa
석등 : stone lanterns

Things in Temple
복전함/불전함 : donation box/offering box
단청 : literal meaning is red and blue picture of many colors and designs painted on canopy in temples
온돌 : typical Korean style of underfloor heating
기와 : roof tile
풍경 : windbell
Instruments
목탁 : wooden percussion instrument used for chanting and worship mokt'ak.
wooden bell-for keeping the rhythm when chanting.
사물 : The Four instruments
종 : bell, 북 : drum, 운판 : cloud-shaped gong, 목어 : wooden-fish
요령 : handbell
죽비 : Bamboo stick or clapper - dounded three times at the beginning and end of the meditation session
염주 : Beads-worn around the wrist and often used for recitation in order to keep concentration. Buddhist rosary. Buddhist beads-108 or to 1000 used for counting bows
단주:

Things to eat
육식을 안한다 : refrain from meat
채식하다 : eat vegetables only
공양 : meal, offerings, Meal in a monastery
발우공양 : sunims's taking formal and ceremonial meal
대중공양 : Festival meal
아침공양 : breakfast
점심공양 : lunch
저녁공양 : dinner
마지(올리다) : to offer rice to the Buddha

Things to wear
승복 : Buddhist robes
가사 : ceremonial garment worn over robes
장삼 : formal monastic robes
고무신 : rubber shoes
걸망 : rucksack/knapsack
누비옷 : quilted clothes

Names of Sutra
경전 : sutra/scripture/canon
대승경전 : The Mahayana Canon
화엄경 : Avtamsaka sutra/Flower Ornament(garland)sutra.
법화경 : Saddharmapundarika Sutra/Lotus sutra
열반경 : Nirvana sutra
능엄경 : Surangama sutra
능가경 : lankavatara sutra
원각경 : The sutra of perfect Enlightenment
사십이장경 : Forty-two sutra
반야경 : Prajnaparamitta sutra/Perfection of Wisdom sutra
금강경 : Vajracchedika sutra/Diamond sutra
반야심경 : Hridaya sutra/Heart sutra
어록 : record of sayings
유마경 : Vimalakirti
삼장 : 1)The Tripitaka, The three collections of Buddhist sutras, the Bu7ddhist Texts, are divided into three collections;
2)The three collections of Buddhist sutras: the Sutras(경),Vunaya(율), and Abhidharma(논) collections
대장경 : Great Scripture Store, Tuipitika.

Names of Bodhisattva
지장보살 : Chijang Bodhisattva is the one who delays his becoming a buddha until enlightenment for the people who suffer in the world.
Earth store Bodhisattva. Ksitigarbha
관음보살 : Kwanum Bodhisattva is the one who is full of compassion and mercy. Avalokitesvara.
He/She listens to the sound of people and comforts the people
약사보살 : Yaksa is a healing Bodhisattva who heals and cures the sickness of people.
The Medicine Buddha. Bhaisajyaguru
대세지보살 : Bodhisattva of power. Bodhisattva shown to the right of Amitabha Buddha. Represents wisdom. Mahasthamaprapta
보현보살 : symbolized by the elephant. Samantabhadra. Bodhisattava of Compassionate Action.
아미타불 :(s)Amitabha-buddha. Buddha of the Western Paradise.
The Buddha of the Light.

Buddhism Ceremony
성도일 : Buddha's Enlightenment Day, in Korea held on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month
초파일 : Buddha's birthday
부처님오신날 : the day Buddha came
사십구제 : Forth-ninth day Ceremony ; the memorial service held on the forty-ninth day after a person's death

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