Re:항암야채(당근, 붉은호박) - 카로틴, 카로티노이드 항암효과에 대한 논문

[문형철]

beyond reason

아연이 부족하면 비타민 A(카로틴) 흡수가 잘 안됨. - 클릭클릭

술을 많이 마시면 카로틴 흡수가 안됨 

당근, 붉은 호박에는 카로틴, 카로티노이드, 루테인 등의 성분이 풍부하고 

항암효과가 있음.

Arch Biochem Biophys. 2015 Apr 15;572:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.018. Epub 2015 Feb 21.

The anti-cancer effects of carotenoids and other phytonutrients resides in their combined activity.

Linnewiel-Hermoni K1, Khanin M1, Danilenko M1, Zango G1, Amosi Y1, Levy J1, Sharoni Y2.

Author information

1

Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.

2

Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel. Electronic address: yoav@bgu.ac.il.

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer. It is now accepted that the actions of any specific phytonutrient alone do not explain the observed health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables as nutrients that were taken alone in clinical trials did not show consistent preventive effects. The considerable cost and complexity of such clinical trials requires prudent selection of combinations of ingredients rather than single compounds. Indeed, synergistic inhibition of prostate and mammary cancer cell growth was evident when using combinations of low concentrations of various carotenoids or carotenoids with retinoic acid and the active metabolite of vitamin-D. In this study we aimed to develop simple and sensitive in vitro methods which provide information on potent combinations suitable for inclusion in clinical studies for cancer prevention. We, thus, used reporter gene assays of the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells and of the electrophile/antioxidant response element (EpRE/ARE) transcription system. We found that combinations of several carotenoids (e.g., lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene), or carotenoids and polyphenols (e.g., carnosic acid and curcumin) and/or other compounds (e.g., vitamin E) synergistically inhibit the androgen receptor activity and activate the EpRE/ARE system. The activation of EpRE/ARE was up to four fold higher than the sum of the activities of the single ingredients, a robust hallmark of synergy. Such combinations can further be tested in the more complex in vivo models and human studies.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS: 

Androgen signaling; Carotenoids; Polyphenols; Prostate cancer; Synergy

REVIEW

Carotenoids and apocarotenoids in cellular signaling related to cancer: A review

Yoav Sharoni, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, Marina Khanin, Hagar Salman, Anna Veprik,

Michael Danilenko and Joseph Levy

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva,

Israel

Received: May 9, 2011

Revised: August 22, 2011

Accepted: September 15, 2011

The basis for the vivid color of carotenoids and their antioxidant activity is the multiple

conjugated double bonds, which are characteristic for these phytonutrients. Moreover, the cleavage of these oxidation-prone double bonds leads to the formation of apocarotenoids. A

large number of carbonyl-containing oxidation products are expected to be produced as a

result of carotenoid oxidation and these can be further metabolized into the corresponding

acids and alcohols. As discussed in this review, many, but not all, of these potential products

have been detected and identified in plants as well as in human and animal plasma and

tissues. Some of these compounds were found to be biologically active as anticancer agents.

In addition to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, several carotenoid metabolites were

shown to modulate the activity of various transcription systems. These include ligandactivated

nuclear receptors, such as the retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, peroxisome

proliferator-activated receptor and estrogen receptor, as well as other transcription systems

that have an important role in cancer, such as the electrophile/antioxidant response element

pathway and nuclear factor-kB. Therefore, apocarotenoids can be considered as natural

compounds with multifunctional, rather than monofunctional, activity and, thus, can be useful in the prevention of cancer and other degenerative diseases.

sharoni2012.pdf

Abstract: 

New therapies for leukaemia are urgently needed. Carrots have been suggested as a potential treatment for leukaemia in traditional medicine and have previously been studied in other contexts as potential sources of anticancer agents. Indicating that carrots may contain bioactive compounds, which may show potential in leukaemia therapies. This study investigated the effects of five fractions from carrot juice extract (CJE) on human lymphoid leukaemia cell lines, together with five purified bioactive compounds found in Daucus carota L, including: three polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol and falcarindiol-3-acetate) and two carotenoids (beta-carotene and lutein). Their effects on induction of apoptosis using Annexin V/PI and Caspase 3 activity assays analysed via flow cytometry and inhibition of cellular proliferation using Cell Titer Glo assay and cell cycle analysis were investigated. Treatment of all three lymphoid leukaemia cell lines with the fraction from carrot extracts which contained polyacetylenes and carotenoids was significantly more cytotoxic than the 4 other fractions. Treatments with purified polyacetylenes also induced apoptosis in a dose and time responsive manner. Moreover, falcarinol and falcarindiol-3-acetate isolated from Daucus carota L were more cytotoxic than falcarindiol. In contrast, the carotenoids showed no significant effect on either apoptosis or cell proliferation in any of the cells investigated. This suggests that polyacetylenes rather than beta-carotene or lutein are the bioactive components found in Daucus carota L and could be useful in the development of new leukemic therapies. Here, for the first time, the cytotoxic effects of polyacetylenes have been shown to be exerted via induction of apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle.