[4월 7일 국가직 영어 정답 및 해설]

[양켠]

[4월 7일 국가직 영어 정답 및 해설]

문 1. 밀줄 친 부분과 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?

The winner’s complacentsmile annoyed some of the members of the audience

1 scomful

2 simulated

3 self-satisfied

4 condescending

[해설] complacent가 ‘자기만족‘이라는 의미를 가지고 있으므로 ③ self-satisfied(자기만족)가 정답이다.

답 :3

문 2. ※ 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The usual way of coping with taboo words and notions is to develop euphemisms and circumlocutions.

of words and phrases have emerged to express basic biological functions, and talk about _________

has its own linguistics world English examples include ““to pass on.”” ““to snuff the candle,”” and ““ to go aloft.””

1 death

2 defeat

3 anxiety

4 frustration

해설] “to pass on, to snuff the candle, to go aloft"가 ”죽다, 천당에 가다“라는 뜻을 가지고 있으므로, ① death가 정답이다.

답 : 1

문 3.

The enjoyment of life, pleasure, is the natural object of all human efforts, Nature, however, also wants us to help one another to enjoy life. She’s equally anxious for the welfare of every member of the species. So she tells us to make quite sure that we dou’t pursue our own interests other people’s.

1 at the discretion of

2 at the mercy of

3 at loose ends of

4 at the expense of

해설] 세 번째 줄에서 자연은 모든 종들의 행복을 갈망한다고 언급하고 있으므로, 문맥상 ‘다른 사람들을 희생해서 우리 자신의 이익만을 추구해서는 안된다‘는 내용이므로 ④번의 at the expense of (~을 희생하여)가 정답이다.

답 : 4

문 4. ㄱ,ㄴ 에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A : Have you written your term paper yet?

B : No, but I’ll have plenty of time to do it next week.

A : That’s what you said last week and the week before. You can’t put it off forever. You should use your free time and do some work

B : The truth is, I’ve ㄱ in all my classes and I dot’t know if I can ever ㄴ

A : I’m sorry. But talking about it won’t help at this point.

B : You’re right. I’ll start on it tomorrow.

A : Not tomorrow! Today!

1 ㄱ : gone ahead ㄴ : make up

2 ㄱ : kept leading ㄴ : cover up

3 ㄱ : lagged behind ㄴ : catch up

4 ㄱ : been enthusiastic ㄴ : follow up

해설] 두 번째 A에서 B에게 더 이상 미루지 말고 일을 하라는 내용이 나오고, B가 변명으로 수업에 뒤처지고 있고(lagged behind), 따라 잡을 수 (catch up)있을지 모르겠다는 내용으로 이어진다. 그러므로 ③이 정답이다.

답 : 3

문 5. 밀줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않는 것은?

A men who 1shoplifted from the Woolworth’s store in Shanton in 1952. recently sent the shop an anonymous letter of apology. In it, he said, “I 2have been guilt-ridden all these days.” The item he 3stole was a two dollar toy. He enclosed a money order 4paid back the two dollars with interest.

헤설] 1) 관계절 내 과거 시제 적절.

2) 현재완료 시제 적절.

3) The item (which) he stole ‘그가 훔친 물건’에서 목적격관계대명사절 내부에 능동태 과거 시제 동사 적절.

4) 문장의 동사는 enclosed(동봉했다). 목적어는 money order(우편환). 완전한 3형식 문장구조에서 목적어 명사를 수식하는 분사가 필요. 수식받는 명사 money order가 2 dollars를 되갚다...라는 능동의 개념이므로 과거분사가 아닌 현재분사 paying back으로 수정해야 함

답 : 4

문6. 다음 중 어법상 옳은 것은?

① She felt that she was good swimmer as he was, if not better

② This phenomenon has described so often as to need no future cliches on subject

③ What surprised us most was the fact that he said that he had hardly never arrived at work late

④ Even before Mr. Kay announced his movement to another company, the manager insisted that we begin advertising for a new accountant.

해설]

1) 비교구문 오류: ~ she was as good a swimmer as he was가 되어야 한다. 참고: so, as, too, how(ever) 등의 부사 관련 어순은 <so/as/too/how(ever) + 형용사 + a(n) + 명사> 이 맞다.

2) 정동사의 태 오류: ‘그 현상이 너무나 기술되어서 그 주제에 관한 더 이상의 진부한 수식어가 필요없다’는 해석. 주어인 The phenomenon(현상)이 지금까지 ‘기술되어온’ 것이므로 수동태 현재시제 정동사가 has been described로 수정해야 한다. <so 형/부 as to V>는 ‘V할 정도로 너무 ~하다, 너무 ~해서 V하다’로 해석하는 부정사의 부사적(정도) 용법이다.

3) 부정어 중복 오류: hardly never를 hardly(‘거의 -않다’) 또는 never(‘결코 -않다’) 단독으로 써야 한다.

4) insist(-할 것을 제안하다), suggest 등의 제안동사 당위적인 의미의 종속절에 시제일치를 따르지 않고 (should) + 동사원형을 사용한다. begin은 사용은 적절하다.

답 : 4

※ 우리 말을 영어로 잘못 옮긴 것을 고르시오. [문 7~문 8]

문 7.

① 어제 눈이 많이 와서 많은 사람들이 길에서 미끄러졌다.

→ We had much snow yesterday, which caused lots of people slip on the road.

② 그 협정들은 작년 회의에서 합의된 것이다.

→ The arrangements were agreed on at the meeting last year.

③ 나는 트럭이 가까이 다가오는 것을 보고 겁에 질렸다.

→ I got scared when I saw the truck closing up on me.

④ 나는 뒤돌아보지 않고 앞문으로 걸어나갔다.

→ I walked out of the front door without looking back.

해설]

1) 동사구조 5형식 <cause O to V>. ‘목적어로 하여금 -하게 하다’는 cause동사는 목적보어로 원형이 아닌 to 부정사를 위한다. slip을 to slip으로 수정해야 한다.

2) 구동사(agree on) 수동태와 시제(과거)의 결합. ‘-에 관해 합의를 보다’는 agree on동사가 수동태가 되어 were agreed on형태가 적절히 사용됨. last year로 보아 과거 시제 적절.

3) <5형식 지각동사(see) + O + V/Ving> saw the truck closing은 적절하다.

[정답] 1번

※ 우리 말을 영어로 잘못 옮긴 것을 고르시오. [문 7~문 8]

문 8.

① 예산이 빡빡해서 나는 15달러밖에 쓸 수가 없다.

→ I am on a tight budget so that I have only fifteen dollars to spend.

② 그의 최근 영화는 이전 작품들보다 훨씬 더 지루하다.

→ His latest film is far more boring than his previous ones.

③ 우리 회사 모든 구성원의 이름을 기억하다니 그는 생각이 깊군요.

→ It's thoughtful of him to remember the names of every member in our firm.

해설]

1) 부사절 접속사 ‘(너무) ~해서 ..하다’(결과)는 의미가 되려면 <so ~ that ...> 또는 <~, so that ...> 구조가 적절하다. 따라서 I am on a tight budget, so (that) ~, 또는 I am on so tight a budget that ~으로 쓰는 것이 가장 좋은 문장이다. 그러나 구어체에서는 so that을 결과적인 의미로 사용하기도 하므로, 다소 문제의 소지가 있는 선택지이다.

2) 비교표현, 분사 능수동 및 대명사가 포인트. His latest film이 지루하다는 능동의 의미이므로 주격보어로 현재분사 boring이 적절. 비교급 강조하는 말로 much, still, even, fat, a lot 등이 적절. 대명사 ones는 films를 받고 있어서 수일치 적절.

3) 부정사의 의미상 주어. <It is + 사람성질형용사(thoughtful) + of 목적격 + to V>

4) 전치사 사용 오류. 도구의 전치사는 by가 아니라 with. 시제(과거와 대과거의 적절한 사용). 열쇠를 분실한 사건이 창문을 깨야만 하는(과거시제)보다 이전 사건이므로, 대과거 시제 had lost가 적절하다. ‘have to 부정사’는 (상황에 의해) -해야만 하다는 의미.

답 : 4번

문 9.

A : Oh, that was a wonderful dinner. That’s the best meal I’ve had in a long time.

B : Thank you.

A : Can I give you a hand with the dishes?

B : Uh-uh, . I’ll do them myself later. Hey, would you like me to fix some coffee?

A : Thanks a lot, I’d love some. Would you mind if I smoke?

B : Why, not at all. Here, let me get you an ashtay.

1 help yourself

2 don’t bother

3 if you insist

4 here they are

해설 ] 두 번째 B에서 I'll do them myself later(나중에 제가 할게요)라고 말했으므로, B는 A의 제안 Can I give you a hand with the dishes?(접시를 제가 치워드릴까요?)에 거절하는 내용이 와야 한다. 그래서 ②don't bother(괜찮습니다)가 정답이다.

답 : 2

문 10.

A : Hay, my poor buddy! What’s the problem?

B : You know I took over this presentation all of a sudden, And tomorrow is the due date for the presentation. I couldn’t even start it yet.

A : Look! I’m here for you.

1 What are friends for?

2 Everything’s up in the air.

3 What does it have to do with me?

4 You’d better call a spade a spade.

해설] B에서 내일까지 갑작스러운 발표를 마무리해야 한다는 내용이 나오므로, 빈칸 앞에 I'm here for you.(내가 너를 위해 여기 있잖아)가 힌트가 되고 ①What are friends for?(친구 좋다는 게 뭐니?)가 가장 적합하다.

답 : 1

문 11.

Taking time to clear your mind through meditation can boost your spirits and your immunity. Psychologist, Richard Davidson, gave 40 people a flu vaccine. Half of them followed a regular meditation schedule for an hour a day, six days a week. The others just got the vaccine. After eight weeks, the meditators had higher levels of flu-fighting antibodies than those who didn’t meditate. They were also better able to deal with stress and had increased activity in the area of the brain linked to good moods. “Meditation produces measurable biological changes in the brain and body,” says Dabidson. “It is safe and can be of great benefit.”

① Relationship between Flu Vaccine and Antibody

② Process of Forming Immune System

③ Length of Meditation and Stress

④ Positive Effects of Meditation

답 : 4번

해설] 6번 째 줄에서 실험의 결과 8주 동안 명상을 한 피실험자들이 명상을 하지 않은 사람들보다 항체형성이 더 강해진다는 내용이 나왔으므로, ④에서 언급한 ‘명상의 긍정적인 효과’가 가장 적합한 제목이 된다.

문 12.

Active listeners listen with their ears, their eyes, and their mind. They take in the objective information by listening to the literal words that are spoken. But every spoken message contains more than words. Speakers also communicate subjective information –their feelings and emotions-through other vocal sounds and nonverbal signals. These include verbal intonations such as loudness, emphasis, hesitations, voice movements, facial expressions, body posture, and hand gestures. By listening for feelings and emotions as well as for literal words, you can grasp the total meaning behind the speaker’s message. Yet, no matter how good you become at listening for total meaning, there still remains the potential for misunderstanding. That’s why the active listener verifies completeness by asking questions. The use of questions can uncover distortions and clarify misunderstandings.

① Method of Good Listening

② Verbal Skills for Effective Listening

③ Importance of Asking Questions in Listening

④ Relationship between Listening and Emotions

해설] 첫 문장에서 active listeners 의 특징을 진술하고 , 전체적으로 효과적인 듣기의 방법을 나열하고 있으므로, '효과적인 듣기의 방법'이 글의 주제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 글이 주제는 1번이 적당하다

답 ; 1

문 13. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

No Matter how satisfying our work is, it is a mistake to rely on work as our only source of satisfaction. Just as humans need a varied diet to supply a variety of needed vitamins and minerals to maintain health, so we need a varied diet of activities that can supply a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction. Some experts suggest that one can start by making an inventory-a list of the things you enjoy doing, your talents and interests, and even new things that you think you might enjoy if you tried them. It may be gardening, cooking, a sport, learning a new language, or volunteer work. If you shift your interest and attention to other activities for a while, eventually the cycle will swing again, and you can return to your work with renewed interest and enthusiasm.

① 다양한 비타민 섭취를 통해 건강한 삶을 유지할 수 있다.

② 성공적인 직장 생활은 일 자체를 즐김으로써 이루어진다.

③ 만족스러운 삶을 위해서는 일 외의 다양한 활동이 필요하다.

④ 직장과 가정 생활의 조화가 업무 효율성을 높이는 지름길이다.

답 : 3

해설] 건강을 유지하기 위해 다양한 비타민과 미네랄을 섭취할 필요가 있는 것처럼, ③‘만족스러운 삶을 위해서도 다양한 활동이 필요하다’고 하는 것이 글의 요지로 적합하다.

문 14.

Oscar Wilde once wrote, “In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.” He was trying to warn us that no matter how hard we work at being successful, success won’t satisfy us. By the time we get there, having sacrificed so much on the altar of being successful, we will realize that success was not what we wanted. People who have money and power know something that you and I do not know and might not believe even when we are told. Money and power do not satisfy that unnameable hunger in the soul. Even the rich and powerful find themselves yearning for something more. We read about the family problems of the rich and famous, we see fictionalized conflicts on television, but we never get the message. Instead, we keep thinking that______________________________.

① if we had what they have, we would be happy

② the lives of the rich and powerful entirely depend on luck

③ though we have worked hard, we are not successful in life

④ money and power cannot replace valuable things in our life

해설] 12번째 줄에서 부유하고 권력을 가진 사람들이 갈등을 가지고 있다는 내용이 나온다. 우리가 TV에서 그들의 갈등을 보기는 하지만 Instead, 이하에서 우리는 ‘①그들이 가진 것을 우리가 가지고 있다면 우리가 행복해질 것’이라고 여전히 생각하고 있다는 내용으로 이어지는 것이 적합하다.

답 : 1

문 15.

Farmland provides more than just crops for human and animal consumption. It provides raw materials used to make building materials, paper, and fuels. The lives of many people also revolve around farming, which gives them the driving force that keeps them alive. Farmland, however, has slowly been eliminated by urban sprawl, in which people in urban areas spread into and take over rural areas. In the near future, urban sprawl is going to leave us with a shortage of natural resources. We need to be aware of the potential risks in future years and______________________________________________.

① move from urban areas to rural areas for living in farmland

② start to restrict urban sprawl and unnecessary development

③ limit farming in rural areas and development in urban areas

④ accelerate the development of natural resources in a short period

해설] 6번 째 줄 however ~ 이하에서 도시의 팽창과 무모한 개발이 미래에 천연자원이 부족을 야기 시킬 수가 있다고 언급되었으므로, 그 결과 잠재적인 위험을 인식하고 도시팽창과 불필요한 개발을 제한할 필요성이 있다고 언급한 ②가 가장 적합하다.

답 : 2

문 16.

There’s a company based in London, Great Britain, that offers a unique service: You can hire people to wait in line for you. Of course there’s a fee. The “Waiters” will queue up for anything from concert tickets, to passports, to a line for a driver’s license. The company says it has done some research showing that people in Britain spent about a year of their entire lives waiting in lines. Some people just don’t want to spend time doing that. How much does the waiting service cost? Twentynine dollars an hour. The company so far has eighty employees, most of them recruited from the long-term unemployed because “It’s a job that doesn’t require a lot of skill or experience.” The one thing it does require is __________.

① creativity

② patience

③ practice

④ license

해설] 런던에서 이색적인 직업으로써 줄을 대신 서 주는 직업이 등장하는데, 이 일을 대신하기 위해서 필요한 능력이 기술이나 경험이 아닌 ②번에서 언급한 ‘인내심’이 가장 적합한 자질임을 설명하고 있다.

답 : 2

17. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Britain, the biggest single beneficiary of the first age of globalization, was unlikely to gain much from its end. in the 1920s the old and tested plolicies no longer seemed to work. Paying for World War 1 had let to a tenfold increase in the national debt. Just paying the interest on that debt consumed close to half of total central government spending by the mid-1920s. The assumption that the budget should nevertheless be balanced meant that public finance was dominated by transfers from income tax-payers to bonholders. The increase power of the trade unions during and after the war not only intensified industrial strife but also meant that wage cuts were slower than price cuts. Rising real wages led to unemployment: during the Depresstion year of 1932 nearly three million people close to a quarter of all insured workers. were out of work

① 영국은 세계화 초기에 가장 큰 수혜를 입은 나라였으나, 1920년대에 과거 정책들은 효과를 발휘하지 못했던 듯하다

② 제1 차 세계대전 당시 진 빚에 대한 영국의 이지지출은 1920년대 wndqksRK지 중앙정부 예산 지출의 약 10%를 잠식했다

③ 전쟁 중 그리고 전쟁 후 노동조합의 커진 힘은 영국에서의 노동쟁의를 격렬하게 만들었다

④ 대공항 해인 1932년에 영국의 실업자 수는 보험가입 노동자의 25%에 육박했다

해설] 6번째 줄에서 ‘half of total central government spending~’ 이라고 언급되어 있으므로 지문에서 언급한 10%가 아니라 50%(half of~)를 지출한 것이다.

[정답] 2

문 18. 다음 글에서 언급되고 있지 않은 것은?

Prefessor Taylor, Who wrote “What are Childern for?,” believes that the status of fatherhood has been affected by modern life. “Fathers have moved father away from their children than ever before,” he says. “In the past, soon looked to their farther, emulating his job and wisdom. Now, however, fathers have nothing for their children to inherit. The world is changing too quickly, and instead of sitting at their father’s feet listening to stories about the world, children are closed up in their own rooms on the Internet, finding out about it first. It is difficult to redefind the role of father. There is nothing obvious for him to do or Be.”

① Modern life has influenced the role and the position of fathers.

② In the past, sons imitated their fathers’ job, depending on their fathers.

③ Now fathers serve as a sole source of providing information for their sons.

④ These days fathers are not certain of what role to assume for their sons.

해설] 과거에 아버지의 역할이 오늘날과 다름을 설명하고 있는 글이다. 지문 ③번서는 오늘날의 아버지가 아들에게 정보를 주는 주원인이라고 설명하고 있으나, 지문에서는 인터넷이 그 역할을 대신하고 있다고 설명하므로 ③이 언급되지 않았다.

답 : 3

19

Once, there was a little boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

① scornful

② simulated

③ self-satisfied

④ condescending

[정답] ３

해설] (A)이하에서 17세기에 중산층과 부유층의 가정이 개인생활을 가지지 못했음을 언급하고, (B)에서 방 또한 공유했음을 설명하고 있다. (C)다음부터는 But 이후에서 18세기에 비로서 개인생활을 할 수 있다고 언급하였으므로, (C)에 들어가는 것이 가장 적합하다.

20.. 다음 문장 뒤에 들어갈 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Once, there was a little boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

(A) The father took his son by the hand led him to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one.”

(B) He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails where gone.

(C) The first day the boy had driven six nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled. Finally the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all.

① (B)-(A)-(C)

② (B)-(C)-(A)

③ (C)-(A)-(B)

④ (C)-(B)-(A)

[정답] 4 번

해설] 주어진 문장에서 아들이 화를 통제하지 못할 때 아버지가 못을 담벼락에 박으라는 내용이 언급되었고, 이어지는 문장은 (C)에서 첫날, 아들이 못을 박고, 마침내 화를 통제할 수 있는 상황이 묘사되며, 이어 (B)에서는 아들이 화를 참았을 때 못을 뽑는 일을 하라는 아버지의 제안이 나왔고, (A)에서 아버지는 아들에게 결국 담벼락의 모습을 보여주면서 교훈을 주는 모습으로 이어지는 것이 가장 자연스럽다.