[성문기초영어]대명사1

[suleja]

[인칭대명사 지시대명사]
대명사 : 사람이나 사물
               즉, 명사 대신에 쓰는 말

1. 대명사의 종류
(1) 인칭대명사- 말하는 자신이나 상대방, 그리고 제 3 자를 구별하여 나타내는 대명사
ex) I, you, she, we, they 등
myself, yourself 는 재귀대명사라고 함

(2) 지시대명사
- 사람이나 사물을 가리키는 대명사
ex) this(these), that(those)

(3) 의문대명사
- 의문을 나타내는 대명사
ex) who(누구), what(무엇), which(어느 것)

(4) 부정대명사(不定代名詞)
- 사람이나 사물을 막연히 가리키는 대명사
ex) one, none, any, some, each, every, other, others, another

(5) 관계대명사
- 대명사와 접속사의 역할을 동시에 하는 대명사
ex) who, which, that, what 등
I think that he is honest.  (접속사)
That is his father. (지시대명사)
Look at that boy. (지시형용사)
I know a boy who can speak French.(관계대명사)
Who is the lady over there?
(의문대명사)
Which season do you like best?
(의문형용사)

2. 인칭대명사
(1) 인칭대명사의 격변화
순서:인칭-단복수
-주격-소유격-목적격-소유대명사
-재귀대명사

* 제1인칭-단수
I-my-me-mine-myself
* 제1인칭-복수
we-our-us-ours-ourselves
* 제2인칭-단수
you-your-you-yours-yourself
* 제2인칭-복수
you-your-yours-yourselves
* 제3인칭-단수(남성)
he-his-him-his-himself
* 제3인칭-단수(여성)
she-her-hers-herself
* 제3인칭-단수(중성)
it-its-it-(its)-itself
* 제3인칭-복수
they-their-them-theirs
-themselves

ex) He can speak English very well.
(주격)
ex) His parents are working in the garden.
(소유격)
ex) Mother bought him a new watch.
(목적격)
ex) The books on the desk are his.
(소유대명사)
ex) He thinks of himself only.
(재귀대명사)

(2) 소유대명사(=소유격+명사)의 용법
ex) This book is mine.
= This is my book.
명사 앞에 a, an, this, some, any, no 등과 소유격을 같이 쓸 때에는 '명사 + of + 소유대명사' 순서로 하여 이중소유격을 만든다.
ex) Do you know any friends of hers?
cf. it's는 it is의 준말이고, its는 소유격으로 '그것의'라는 뜻이다.
ex) What is that?  It's a cat
Look at the cat. Its tail is short.

(3) we, you, they의 특별용법- 인칭대명사 중에서 we, you, they는 막연히 일반 사람을 나타내는 경우에도 쓴다.
ex) We have much rain in June.
You should obey your parents.
They say that he is honest.

(4) 재귀대명사의 용법
1) 재귀적 용법- 주어의 동작이 자신에게 돌아가는 경우로, 동사 혹은 전치사의 목적어로 사용됨.
ex) He killed himself.
She looked at herself in the mirror.

2) 강조적 용법- 주어, 목적어, 보어의 뜻을 강조하기 위해 쓰이는 재귀대명사로 생략이 가능.
ex) Tom did the work himself.
= Tom himself did the work.
(주어 강조)
I want to see your father himself.
(목적어 강조)
It was Mary herself that met him in the park.
(보어 강조)

3) 전치사와 재귀대명사의 관용어
ex) She went there by herself.
(혼자서=alone)
You can't live for yourself.
(혼자 힘으로)
The door opened of itself.
(저절로)

3. it의 특별용법
(1) 날씨 시각 거리 계절 요일 등을 나타내는 it
ex) It is raining outside.
(날씨)
It was very hot yesterday.                  
What time is it now? It is just ten o'clock.
(시각)
How far is it from here to your school?
(거리)
It is winter now.
(계절)
What day (of the week)is it today? It is Monday today.
(요일)
It is getting dark.
(명암)
What's the date today? It is February 7(th)
(today).

(2) 가주어와 가목적어로 쓰이는 it- 명사구나 명사절을 대신하여 형식상의 주어나 형식상의 목적어로 쓰인다.
ex) It is easy to read this book.
(it=to read this book)
It is true that he went there.
I think it easy to read this book.
I think it true that he told a lie.

(3) It is-that의 강조구문-
(-은 바로 -이다) 
ex) I saw Mary at the station yesterday. 의 강조구문

1) 주어(I)를 강조할 경우
ex) It was I that saw Mary at the station yesterday.

2) 목적어(Mary)를 강조할 경우
ex) It was Mary that I saw at the station yesterday.

3) 부사(구)at the station, yesterday)를 강조할 경우
ex) It was at the station that I saw Mary yesterday.
It was yesterday that I saw Mary at the station.
* 강조부분이 사람인 경우에는 that 대신에 who나 whom을 쓸 수 있으며, 장소인 경우에는 where, 시간인 경우에는 when을 쓸 수도 있다.
ex) It was this afternoon when I met Miss Kim.
It was Miss Kim whom I met this afternoon.
It was in the park where I met Miss Kim.
It was Tom who broke the window yesterday.

4. 지시대명사- 사람이나 사물을 가리키거나 앞뒤의 어구 또는 내용을 나타내는데, 그 종류에는 this(these)와 that(those)가 있다. 지시대명사 다음에 형용사가 오면 지시형용사가 된다.
ex) This is my pen.(지시대명사)
This pen is mine.(지시형용사)
Is that your father? (지시대명사)

* 지시대명사의 주요용법
(1) 명사의 반복을 피하기 위한 that(those)
ex) The winter of this year is colder than that of last year.
The houses of Seoul are more expensive than those of other cities.

(2) 앞에 나온 문장 전체를 받는 that ex) I didn't say anything. That made him angry.

(3) those who
=-하는 사람들(those=people)
ex) Heaven helps those who help themselves.
He went there this day week.
(그는 지난주의 오늘 거기에 갔다.)
at this time (of) next year.
(내년 이맘때)