As we get older, our mitochondria — the tiny power plants inside every cell — start to lose steam. By the time people reach 80, muscle mitochondria are producing barely half as much energy (ATP) as they did in youth.
The brain takes a similar hit. Mitochondrial output falls by about 30%, so neurons still pull in fuel but can’t convert it efficiently into power. That translates into less focus, slower cognitive processing, and diminished mental stamina.
As mitochondria stumble, both body and mind lose their edge. Much of what we think of as the usual wear of age traces back to a shared cellular crisis.
At the heart of this unraveling is NAD*. It’s the cell’s metabolic middleman, the molecule that takes the raw energy from food and helps transform it into usable power. Every process that depends on mitochondria depends on NAD⁺.
And here’s the rub: NAD⁺ levels drop with age, which strains mitochondria and the systems that depend on them.
But there’s good news: nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been shown in multiple human trials to reliably restore NAD⁺, recharging the body’s energy economy at its source.