에필로그 I-1

[모나리자]

에필로그 I

시베리아. 넓고 외딴 강둑에 러시아의 행정 중심지 중 하나인 마을이 있다. 마을에는 요새가 있고, 요새에는 감옥이 있다. 감옥에는 2급 죄수인 로디온 라스콜니코프가 9개월 동안 수감되어 있다. 그의 범죄 이후 거의 1년 반이 지났다. 그의 재판에는 거의 어려움이 없었다. 범인은 자신의 진술을 정확하고 확고하고 분명하게 고수했다. 그는 사실을 혼동하거나 잘못 표현하지 않았고, 자신의 이익을 위해 사실을 완화하지 않았으며, 가장 사소한 세부 사항도 생략하지 않았다. 그는 살인의 모든 사건, 살해된 여성의 손에서 발견된 담보(금속 조각이 달린 나무 조각)의 비밀을 설명했다.

그는 그녀의 열쇠를 어떻게 가져갔는지, 열쇠의 모양, 상자와 그 내용물을 자세히 설명했다. 그는 리자베타의 살인에 대한 미스터리를 설명했다. 코흐와 그 뒤를 이어 학생이 어떻게 문을 두드렸는지, 그들이 서로에게 한 말을 모두 반복했는지 설명했다. 그가 나중에 아래층으로 달려가서 니콜라이와 드미트리가 소리치는 것을 들었다는 것, 그가 빈 아파트에 숨었다가 나중에 집으로 갔다는 것. 그는 지갑과 장신구가 발견된 보즈네센스키 대로 옆 마당에 있는 돌을 가리키며 말을 마쳤다. 사실, 모든 것이 완벽하게 명확했다.

변호사와 판사들은 그가 장신구와 지갑을

돌 아래에 숨겼다는 사실, 그리고 그것을 사용하지 않았다는 사실, 그리고 더구나 그는 지금 장신구가 어떤 모양인지, 심지어 몇 개나 있었는지조차 기억하지 못한다는 사실에 크게 놀랐다. 그가 지갑을 열어본 적이 없고 그 안에 얼마나 있는지조차 몰랐다는 사실은 믿을 수 없었다. 지갑에는 317루블과 60코펙이 들어 있었다.

돌 아래에 오랫동안 있었기 때문에 가장 위에 있는 가장 귀중한 지폐 중 일부가 습기로 인해 손상되었다. 그들은 피고인이 다른 모든 것에 대해 진실하고 직설적인 자백을 했는데, 왜 이 문제에 대해 거짓말을 해야 하는지 알아내려고 오랫동안 노력했습니다. 마침내 심리학에 더 정통한 변호사 중 일부는 그가 지갑을 실제로 들여다보지 않았을 가능성이 있고, 돌 아래에 숨겼을 때 그 안에 무엇이 있는지 몰랐을 것이라고 인정했습니다.

하지만 그들은 즉시 범죄는 일시적인 정신 이상, 살인적 광기, 목적이나 이익 추구 없이 저질러졌을 뿐이라는 추론을 내렸습니다. 이는 우리 시대에 형사 사건에 자주 적용되는 일시적 광기의 가장 최근 유행 이론과 일치합니다. 게다가 라스콜니코프의 우울증 상태는 많은 증인, 조시모프 박사, 그의 전 동료 학생, 그의 집주인과 그녀의 하인에 의해 입증되었습니다. 이 모든 것은 라스콜니코프가 평범한 살인자이자 강도와는 약간 다르지만 사건에는 다른 요소가 있다는 결론을 강력하게 지적했습니다.

이 의견을 고수하는 사람들의 강렬한 짜증에도 불구하고, 범인은 거의 자신을 변호하려고 하지 않았습니다. 그를 살인과 강도로 몰아간 동기가 무엇인지에 대한 결정적인 질문에 그는 가장 거친 솔직함으로 원인이 자신의 비참한

위치, 가난과 무력감, 그리고 그가 찾을 것으로 예상했던 3천 루블의 도움으로 인생의 첫 걸음을 준비하고자 하는 욕망이라고 매우 분명하게 대답했습니다. 그는 얄밉고 비겁한 본성 때문에 살인을 저지르게 되었고, 더욱이 궁핍과 실패에 의해 격분했습니다. 그가 자백하게 된 이유가 무엇인지에 대한 질문에 그는 진심 어린 회개라고 대답했습니다. 이 모든 것이 거의 거칠었습니다.... 그러나 그 형량은 예상보다 더 자비로웠습니다. 아마도 범인이 자신을 정당화하려고 하지 않고 오히려 자신의 죄를 과장하고 싶어했기 때문일 것입니다.

범죄의 모든 이상하고 특이한 상황이 고려되었습니다. 그 당시 범인이 비정상적이고 빈곤에 시달렸다는 데는 의심의 여지가 없습니다. 그가 훔친 것을 전혀 사용하지 않았다는 사실은 부분적으로는 후회 때문이고, 부분적으로는 범죄 당시 그의 비정상적인 정신 상태 때문이었습니다. 우연히도 리자베타의 살인은 실제로 마지막 가설을 확증하는 데 도움이 되었습니다. 한 남자가 두 번의 살인을 저지르고 문이 열려 있다는 것을 잊었습니다!

마지막으로, 니콜라이가 우울과 광신으로 거짓 증거를 제시하여 사건이 절망적으로 혼란스러워졌을 때, 그리고 더욱이 진짜 범죄자에 대한 증거가 없고, 의심조차 없었을 때(포르피리 페트로비치는 자신의 말을 온전히 지켰습니다) 자백은 이 모든 것이 형량을 완화하는 데 큰 도움이 되었습니다. 수감자에게 유리한 다른 상황도 전혀 예상치 못하게 나타났습니다.

라주미힌은 라스콜니코프가 대학에 있는 동안 가난한 결핵 동료 학생을 도왔고, 마지막 한 푼을 써서 6개월 동안 그를 부양했고, 이 학생이 죽고 거의 13살 때부터 부양해 온 쇠약한 노인 아버지를 남겨두고 떠났을 때, 라스콜니코프는 그

노인을 병원에 데려가서 그가 죽었을 때 장례식 비용을 지불했습니다.

라스콜니코프의 집주인도 증언했습니다. 그들이 파이브 코너에 있는 다른 집에서 살았을 때, 라스콜니코프가 불이 난 집에서 어린아이 두 명을 구해내다가 불에 타 죽었다고 합니다. 이 사실은 조사되었고 많은 증인이 상당히 잘 확인했습니다. 이 사실들은 그에게 유리하게 작용했습니다. 그리고 결국 범인은 완화 사유를 고려하여 8년 동안만 2급 형무소에 수감되었습니다.

재판이 시작되자마자 라스콜니코프의 어머니가 병에 걸렸습니다. 두냐와 라주미힌은 재판 중에 그녀를 상트페테르부르크에서 데리고 나올 수 있었습니다. 라주미힌은 상트페테르부르크에서 멀지 않은 철도 마을을 선택했습니다. 재판의 모든 단계를 따라가고 동시에 가능한 한 자주 아브도티아 로마노브나를 만날 수 있었기 때문입니다. 풀케리아 알렉산드로브나의 병은 이상하게 신경질적이었고 그녀의 지능이 부분적으로 혼란스러워졌습니다. 두니아가 동생과의 마지막 면담에서 돌아왔을 때, 그녀는 어머니가 이미 열에 들떠서 병에 걸린 것을 발견했습니다.

그날 저녁 라주미힌과 그녀는 라스콜니코프에 대한 어머니의 질문에 어떤 대답을 해야 할지 합의했고, 그가 사업 의뢰를 받고 러시아의 먼 지역으로 떠나야 한다는 어머니를 위한 완전한 이야기를 만들어냈습니다. 그 일은 결국 그에게 돈과 명예를 가져다줄 것입니다.

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EPILOGUE I

Siberia. On the banks of a broad solitary river stands a town, one of the administrative centres of Russia; in the town there is a fortress, in the fortress there is a prison. In the prison the second-class convict Rodion Raskolnikov has been confined for nine months. Almost a year and a half has passed since his crime. There had been little difficulty about his trial. The criminal adhered exactly, firmly, and clearly to his statement. He did not confuse nor misrepresent the facts, nor soften them in his own interest, nor omit the smallest detail. He explained every incident of the murder, the secret of the pledge (the piece of wood with a strip of metal) which was found in the murdered woman’s hand.

He described minutely how he had taken her keys, what they were like, as well as the chest and its contents; he explained the mystery of Lizaveta’s murder; described how Koch and, after him, the student knocked, and repeated all they had said to one another; how he afterwards had run downstairs and heard Nikolay and Dmitri shouting; how he had hidden in the empty flat and afterwards gone home. He ended by indicating the stone in the yard off the Voznesensky Prospect under which the purse and the trinkets were found. The whole thing, in fact, was perfectly clear.

The lawyers and the judges were very much struck, among other things, by the fact that he had hidden the trinkets and the purse under

a stone, without making use of them, and that, what was more, he did not now remember what the trinkets were like, or even how many there were. The fact that he had never opened the purse and did not even know how much was in it seemed incredible. There turned out to be in the purse three hundred and seventeen roubles and sixty copecks.

From being so long under the stone, some of the most valuable notes lying uppermost had suffered from the damp. They were a long while trying to discover why the accused man should tell a lie about this, when about everything else he had made a truthful and straightforward confession. Finally some of the lawyers more versed in psychology admitted that it was possible he had really not looked into the purse, and so didn’t know what was in it when he hid it under the stone.

But they immediately drew the deduction that the crime could only have been committed through temporary mental derangement, through homicidal mania, without object or the pursuit of gain. This fell in with the most recent fashionable theory of temporary insanity, so often applied in our days in criminal cases. Moreover Raskolnikov’s hypochondriacal condition was proved by many witnesses, by Dr. Zossimov, his former fellow students, his landlady and her servant. All this pointed strongly to the conclusion that Raskolnikov was not quite like an ordinary murderer and robber, but that there was another element in the case.

To the intense annoyance of those who maintained this opinion, the criminal scarcely attempted to defend himself. To the decisive question as to what motive impelled him to the murder and the robbery, he answered very clearly with the coarsest frankness that the cause was his miserable

position, his poverty and helplessness, and his desire to provide for his first steps in life by the help of the three thousand roubles he had reckoned on finding. He had been led to the murder through his shallow and cowardly nature, exasperated moreover by privation and failure. To the question what led him to confess, he answered that it was his heartfelt repentance. All this was almost coarse.... The sentence however was more merciful than could have been expected, perhaps partly because the criminal had not tried to justify himself, but had rather shown a desire to exaggerate his guilt.

All the strange and peculiar circumstances of the crime were taken into consideration. There could be no doubt of the abnormal and poverty-stricken condition of the criminal at the time. The fact that he had made no use of what he had stolen was put down partly to the effect of remorse, partly to his abnormal mental condition at the time of the crime. Incidentally the murder of Lizaveta served indeed to confirm‎ the last hypothesis: a man commits two murders and forgets that the door is open!

Finally, the confession, at the very moment when the case was hopelessly muddled by the false evidence given by Nikolay through melancholy and fanaticism, and when, moreover, there were no proofs against the real criminal, no suspicions even (Porfiry Petrovitch fully kept his word)—all this did much to soften the sentence. Other circumstances, too, in the prisoner’s favour came out quite unexpectedly.

Razumihin somehow discovered and proved that while Raskolnikov was at the university he had helped a poor consumptive fellow student and had spent his last penny on supporting him for six months, and when this student died, leaving a decrepit old father whom he had maintained almost from his thirteenth year, Raskolnikov had got the

old man into a hospital and paid for his funeral when he died.

Raskolnikov’s landlady bore witness, too, that when they had lived in another house at Five Corners, Raskolnikov had rescued two little children from a house on fire and was burnt in doing so. This was investigated and fairly well confirmed by many witnesses. These facts made an impression in his favour. And in the end the criminal was, in consideration of extenuating circumstances, condemned to penal servitude in the second class for a term of eight years only.

At the very beginning of the trial Raskolnikov’s mother fell ill. Dounia and Razumihin found it possible to get her out of Petersburg during the trial. Razumihin chose a town on the railway not far from Petersburg, so as to be able to follow every step of the trial and at the same time to see Avdotya Romanovna as often as possible. Pulcheria Alexandrovna’s illness was a strange nervous one and was accompanied by a partial derangement of her intellect. When Dounia returned from her last interview with her brother, she had found her mother already ill, in feverish delirium.

That evening Razumihin and she agreed what answers they must make to her mother’s questions about Raskolnikov and made up a complete story for her mother’s benefit of his having to go away to a distant part of Russia on a business commission, which would bring him in the end money and reputation.

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