jail,coop,cage의 어원

[나비우스]

jail (n.)

c. 1300 (c. 1200 in surnames) "a jail, prison; a birdcage." The form in j- is from Middle English jaile, from Old French jaiole "a cage; a prison," from Medieval Latin gabiola "a cage," from Late Latin caveola, diminutive of Latin cavea "a cage, enclosure, stall, coop

jail 

1. 교도소, 감옥   2. 투옥하다

j와 g는 호환발음 

i는 g음의 생략의 흔적

국어사전

가두다 

[동사] 1. 사람이나 동물을 벽으로 둘러싸거나 울타리가 있는 일정한 장소에 넣고 밖으로 ...

영어사전

가두다 

1. (사람·동물 등을) shut (sb) up (in); (자물쇠를 채워) lock up   2. (물을) store

우리말 갇히다 가두다 가 인도 드라비다어에 있다.

hell 지옥 도 땅속에 갇히게 되는 것이다.

지옥 [地獄]

일반적으로 전생에 악한 짓을 많이 한 자가 그 과보로 태어나는 고통스러운 곳.

獄옥 이니 감옥을 말한다.

[ 地獄 , hell음성듣기 , Hölle ] 괼 괴다 한곳에 갇히게 되는 것이다.

괴다1 [ 괴ː다|궤ː다 ]  

1.동사 물 따위의 액체나 가스, 냄새 따위가 우묵한 곳에 모이다.

2.동사 입에 침이 모이거나 눈에 눈물이 어리거나 하다.

유의어

고이다1 맺히다 모이다1

hell (n.)

also Hell, Old English hel, helle, "nether world, abode of the dead, infernal regions, place of torment for the wicked after death," from Proto-Germanic *haljō "the underworld" (source also of Old Frisian helle, Old Saxon hellia, Dutch hel, Old Norse hel, German Hölle, Gothic halja "hell").

압박,속박 죽어서 처벌 지옥에 갇히는 것을 말한다.

h는 과거 kh발음이니 

걸어 혹은 가두다의 어근 갇-->갈 의 변음;어원 

즉 갇히게 된다. close (자물쇠를)걸었어

가두다의 어근 가두-는 드라비다어족 텔루구어에도 있다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kaṭ-

Meaning : 1 to shut 2 to tie up

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kaṭ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kaṭ-

Meaning : to tie; to shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kaṭṭu (kaṭṭi-)

Tamil meaning : to tie, fasten, build, wear, put on, bind by spells, marry, shut up, store, hug, compare with, be equal; n. tie, band, fastening, regulations, custom, building, marriage, bundle, packet, dam, causeway

Tamil derivates : kaṭṭaṭam building, binding of a book, setting of a jewel; kaṭṭaṇam building; kaṭṭaḷai code, rule, regulations, etc.; kaṭṭai dam

Malayalam : keṭṭuka

Malayalam meaning : to tie, build, clasp, yoke, dress, marry, make into a bundle, stop, restrain, build, become entangled, clot

Malayalam derivates : keṭṭikka to cause to tie, make to wear, give in marriage; keṭṭu tie, bundle, band, connexion (as of marriage), restraint, dam, bank, building; keṭṭakam house; kaṭṭu tie, bundle

Kannada : kaṭṭu

Kannada meaning : to bind, tie, yoke, build, shut up, stop by magic, bewitch, amass (wealth), obstruct, shut, dam, be bound, stopped; n. binding, tying, checking, restraint, band, tie, bundle, something built, regulation, rule, bewitching

Kannada derivates : kaṭṭuvike tying, etc.; kaṭṭuka man who ties; kaṭṭaḍa, kaṭṭaṇa, kaṭṇa a building; kaṭṭal state of being bound, tied, surrounded; kaṭṭe structure of earth or stones to sit upon, embankment, dam, causeway

Kodagu : këṭṭ- (këṭṭi-)

Kodagu meaning : to tie, build

Kodagu derivates : këṭṭɨ knot, bundle; kaṭṭe bund of tank, platform built under tree on village green; (Shanmugam) kaṭṭaḍa a building

Tulu : kaṭṭuni

Tulu meaning : to tie, bind, build, amass (wealth)

Tulu derivates : kaṭṭāvuni to cause to bind or tie, have a house built; kaṭṭụ band, tie, bundle, regulation, bond; kaṭṭaṇa, kaṭṭalme building; kaṭṭa a dam; kaṭṭaḷe custom, rule; kaṭṭāṇi necklace

Proto-Nilgiri : *kaṭ-

Number in DED : 1147

Proto-Telugu : *kaṭṭ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kaṭṭ-

Meaning : to tie, bind, wear (clothes), build, bewitch, obstruct; n. tie, bond, knot, band, wearing of a garment, restraint, rule or regulation

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kaṭṭu

Additional forms : Also kaṭṭincu to get built, cause to be bound or tied; kaṭṭa dam, embankment; bundle; [1] kaṭṭaḍa, [2] kaṭṭaḍi rule, law, fashion, manner; kaṭṭaḍamu building; kaṭṭanamu a tie

Number in DED : 1147

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaṭ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṭ-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṭ-

Meaning : to be shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kaṭ-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kāṭ-

Notes : The root tends to contaminate with *gaṭ- 'bank, dam'. Vowel length in PK unclear, maybe due to influence of IA kāṭh 'bolt, bar'.

Proto-Dravidian : *ked_-

Meaning : to close, shut

Proto-South Dravidian: *ker_-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ker_-

Meaning : to close, shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cer_i (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be thick (as foliage, hair), crowded, be in close union, be tight (as bangles), be controlled, keep within bounds

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to join together, tighten, shut, close, block up, secure, store up, pack closely; cer_i, cer_ivu denseness, abundance, union, self-restraint; cer_u (cer_uv-, cer_r_-) to control (as the senses), hinder, prevent, overcome; (-pp-, -tt-) to suppress, subdue, resist, prevent, prevent the passage (as of water), overcome; n. tank, field, garden plot; cer_uppu restriction; cer_uvu field; cir_ai (-pp-, -tt-) to restrain, imprison, dam up; n. guard, confinement, prison, captivity; dam, bank, tank, boundary; cir_aivan_ captive, slave; cer_r_ai thicket, crowd

Malayalam : cer_iyuka

Malayalam meaning : to be thronged

Malayalam derivates : cer_ukkuka to dam up, enclose, oppose, prevent; cir_a enclosure, dam, limit, tank, reservoir

Kannada : kir_ (kett-)

Kannada meaning : to confine, close, shut, block up, make a fence, cover

Kannada derivates : ker_e tank; gir_aku state of being strait (as a gate), of being firmly fixed (as a door), of being close, pressing (as a crowd); ser_e to contract, confine, harass; n. confinement, bondage, prison

Kodagu : kere

Kodagu meaning : tank

Tulu : kerè, kirè, kedu

Tulu meaning : an artificial tank

Tulu derivates : kidè cowpen, stall; śerè imprisonment, prison, obligation, liability; gediyuni to be rammed, stuffed; gedụŋguni, gedipuni to stuff, push in, ram

Proto-Nilgiri : *ker_-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *ker_-

Meaning : tank; dam

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : ker "tank"

Toda : ker_f- (ker_t-) "(water) is dammed, (crowd) gathers; to dam"

Additional forms : Also Kota cer imprisonment; obstruction in labour; girn, grn in a dense crowd (of people gathering); Toda ker_ party, side; ser imprisonment; ked- (kedy-) to be stuck in (spear in tree, stick in hand or foot); to fix in position (waistcloth, sticks at end of ridgepole to hold thatch); ter_ pat_- (pat_y-) to arrest, seize, and confine (in song phrases)

Notes : PN *ser is a borrowing from Tamil (or Telugu). Kota girn either displays expressive voicing or does not belong here at all. The only possible way Toda ked- can belong here is if it goes back to *ker_-ǝnd- (even so, the exact reflexation would not be entirely predictable), but the respective forms are not attested in any other SDR languages.

Number in DED : 1980

Number in DED : 1980

Proto-Telugu : *cer_-

 

Proto-Telugu : *cer_-

Meaning : prison, imprisonment

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cer_a

Additional forms : Also cer_a-gonu to seize, capture, carry off by force; [1] cer_uvu, [2] ceruvu artificial lake, tank; (B) kiriyu to be tight

Number in DED : 1980

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ked_-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ked_-

Meaning : to shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : get- (gett-) "to close (door) firmly, lock up"

Parji : kedp- (kedt-) "to shut (door), lock up"

Salur Gadba : keṭ-

Notes : Voiced *-d_- is seen from Parji kedp-; in other cases there has been secondary devoicing due to causative conjugation.

Number in DED : 1980

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ked_-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ked_-

Meaning : to close, shut

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *keh-

Konda : keR- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ges-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *keR-

Notes : The word had a causative conjugation in PGn (probably with the suffix *-p-). Hence the loss of voice in Gondi, Konda and PPM (all these forms go back to *ked_-p- > *ket_-; in PPM probably a 'metathese of voice': *ked_- > *get_-). The form *ket_-pi 'door' goes back to PGn.

갑갑하다 

coop 

닭장, (짐승) 우리

cage 곽 각 

발음상 케이지 라고 발음하지만 각 혹은 갑 이라고 발음이 될 수가 있다.

성냥갑 ㅋㅋㅋ

곽

1.명사 ‘갑5(1. 물건을 담는 작은 상자)’(匣)의 잘못.

2.명사 북한어 마른 물건을 넣어 두는, 뚜껑 있는 작은 그릇.

어떤 것,장애물,방어물로 부터 둘러싼 것을 곽이라고 한다.

곽외 郭外 

명사 어떤 구역의 밖

국어사전

성곽 (城郭/城廓) 

[명사] 1. 내성(內城)과 외성(外城)을 통틀어 이르는 말.