UA4PQ (Vlad OM)

[HL2KKC]

동유럽에 위치한 러시아 Tatarstan Zainsk 에사시는 Vlad OM과 교신

KST : 1320

RST : 599/579

PWR : 90 W

ANT : 3ele Yagi

BAND : 14.14 MHZ

Tatarstan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Republic of Tatarstan (English) Республика Татарстан (Russian) Татарстан Республикасы (Tatar)
Location of Tatarstan in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of Tatarstan	Flag of Tatarstan
Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan
Capital	Kazan
Established	May 27, 1920
Political status Federal district Economic region	Republic Volga Volga
Code	16
Area
Area - Rank within Russia	67,836 km² 44th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural	3,779,265 inhabitants 8th 55.7 inhab. / km² 73.8% 26.2%
Official languages	Russian, Tatar
Government
President	Mintimer Shaymiyev
Prime Minister	Rustam Minnikhanov
Legislative body	State Council
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
Official website
http://www.tatar.ru/

Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: Респу́блика Татарста́н; Tatar Cyrillic: Татарстан Республикасы, Latin: Tatarstan Respublikası) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The unofficial Tatarstan motto is: Buldırabız! (We can!)^[1].

//

[edit] Terminology

Another Tatar version of the name reads Tatarstan Cömhüriäte/Татарстан Җөмһүрияте (cömhüriät is another Tatar term for "republic"), but it is not official. The direct romanization of its name from Russian is Respublika Tatarstan. Another (old) version of the Russian name is Тата́рия (Tatariya), which was official along with Tatar ASSR during Soviet rule.

[edit] History

Main article: History of Tatarstan

[edit] Middle Ages

The Little Minaret of Bolghar is preserved since the Middle Ages

The Black Chamber is another notable building in Bolghar.

The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700–1238 CE). The Volga Bulgars had an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia, the Middle East and the Baltic, which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars, the Kievan Rus and the Kipchaks. Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of ibn Fadlan's journey in 922.

Volga Bulgaria finally fell to the armies of the Mongol prince Batu Khan in the late 1230s (see Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.) The inhabitants, mixing with the Golden Horde's Turco-Mongolian, Kipchak-speaking troops and settlers, became known as the "Volga Tatars." Another theory postulates that there were no ethnic changes in that period, and Bulgars simply switched to the Kipchak-based Tatar language. In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital having been established in Kazan, 170 km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars.

Tatarstan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. Some Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine II. The first mosque to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766-1770.

[edit] Modern times

In the 19th century Tatarstan became centers of Jadidism, an Islamic sect that preached a tolerance to other religions. Under the influence of Tatarstan Jadidist theologians, the Tatars were renowned for their friendly relations with other peoples of the Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolution religion was largely outlawed and all theologians were repressed.

During the Civil War of 1918-1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the Idel-Ural State). They were, however, put down by the Bolsheviks and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established on May 27, 1920. The boundaries of the republic did not include the majority of the Volga Tatars. In 1928 the Tatar Union of the Godless were liquidated in the 1928 purges.

[edit] Tatarstan today

Tatarstan declared independence on August 30, 1990 as a sovereign state and no longer a subject of USSR or Russian Federation. During 1991-1994 Tatarstan was de facto independent state^{[citation needed]} (called in Russia internal abroad like Chechnya). In 1992 Tatarstan held a referendum on independence from Russia. 62 percent of the those who took part voted in favor of independence. Subsequently, under Kremlin's pressure, Tatarstan's authorities decided not to pursue independence and instead settled on a greater degree of autonomy from Moscow. On February 15, 1994 the Treaty On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Authority between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan and Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan (On Delimitation of Authority in the Sphere of Foreign Economic Relations) were signed. These agreements may be considered as temporary recognition of Tatarstan's independence by the Russian Federation, because it mentions the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan.

History of Tatarstan

Great Bulgaria

Khazars

Volga Bulgaria

Kipchaks

Mongol invasion

Golden Horde

Khanate of Kazan

Muscovy

Kazan Governorate

Idel-Ural State

Tatar ASSR

Republic of Tatarstan

This box: view • talk • edit

[edit] Geography

Map of the region with the Republic of Tatarstan highlighted

The Republic is located in the center of the East European Plain, approximately 800 kilometers (497 mi) east of Moscow. It lies between the Volga River and the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural mountains.

• Borders:
  • internal: Kirov Oblast (N), Udmurt Republic (N/NE), Republic of Bashkortostan (E/SE), Orenburg Oblast (SE), Samara Oblast (S), Ulyanovsk Oblast (S/SW), Chuvash Republic (W), Mari El Republic (W/NW).
• Highest point: 343 meters (1,125 ft)^{[citation needed]}
• Maximum N->S distance: 290 kilometers (180 mi)
• Maximum E->W distance: 460 kilometers (286 mi)

[edit] Time zone

Tatarstan map

Tatarstan is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

[edit] Rivers

Mouth of the Kama River

Major rivers include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):

• Belaya River (Ağidel)
• Ik River (Iq)
• Kama River (Çulman)
• Volga River (İdel)
• Vyatka River (Noqrat)

[edit] Lakes

Major reservoirs of the republic include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):

• Kuybyshev Reservoir (Kuybışev)
• Lower Kama Reservoir (Tübän Kama)

The biggest lake is Qaban.

[edit] Natural resources

View of the Volga River in the confluence with the Kama River

View on the Taima River from Devil's Tower in Yelabuga

Major natural resources of Tatarstan include oil, natural gas, gypsum, and more. It is estimated^{[citation needed]} that the Republic has over one billion tons of oil deposits.

[edit] Climate

• Average January temperature: −16 °C (3.2 °F)
• Average July temperature: 19 °C (66.2 °F)
• Average annual precipitation: up to 500 mm

[edit] Administrative divisions

Main articles: Administrative divisions of Tatarstan (Russian form), Counties of Tatarstan (Tatar form).

[edit] Demographics

• Population: 3,779,265 (2002)
  • Urban: 2,790,661 (73.8%)
  • Rural: 988,604 (26.2%)
  • Male: 1,749,050 (46.3%)
  • Female: 2,030,215 (53.7%)
• Females per 1000 males: 1,161
• Average age: 36.5 years
  • Urban: 35.7 years
  • Rural: 38.7 years
  • Male: 33.8 years
  • Female: 38.8 years
• Number of households: 1,305,360 (with 3,747,267 people)
  • Urban: 970,540 (with 2,762,818 people)
  • Rural: 334,820 (with 984,449 people)
• Vital statistics (2005)
  • Births: 36,967 (birth rate 9.8)
  • Deaths: 51,841 (death rate 13.8)

[DS1GKD]

해석 해서 올려주삼 .. 가방끈이 짤아서 ㅋㅋㅋ