상품DB/네덜란드 넙치종자 시장동향(2013.2)

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네덜란드 넙치종자 시장동향(2013.2)

게시일

2015-09-03

국가

네덜란드

작성자

허운해(암스테르담무역관)

품목

기타

품목코드

0302190000

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작성일자: 2013. 2. 22

작성자: 암스테르담 무역관 임성아(salim@kotra.or.kr)

1. Market demand trend

□ Fish consumption

 ○ The overall fish consumption has decreased in 2011. According to the Dutch Fish-Bureau (Nederlandse vis-bureau), the overall fish consumption has decreased significantly in 2011 when comparing with the same period a year before. The overall fish consumption per capita was estimated at 3.7 kilo in 2011 and 3.9 kilo in 2010. In general, the average Dutch fish buyers consume more fish at home, and to less extent in restaurants or at the street. The decrease in the overall fish consumption is partly explained by the current financial crisis. On average the fish price has increased with 3 percent and makes consumers reluctant to eat fish.

 ○ In 2011, 58 million kg of fish were consumed at home against 19 million kg consumed in restaurants. According to GFK (Market Research Agency), a typical Dutch consumer eats fish on average once in every three weeks and which considered to be lower than the average consumption in other EU countries such as Belgium, and countries around the Mediterranean Sea. The most important sale point for fish remains the supermarket which accounts for 3/4 of the total amount of fish commercialized in 2011.

 ○ The total market value of the fish consumed in 2011 was estimated at 540 million euros. The Pangas catfish, Salmon, European Plaice and Frozen Codfish are the major type of fish for domestic consumption. The most commercialized type of fish in the restaurants is Tuna (tin), Salmon and Mussels.

□ Flatfish consumption & Price

 ○ The average Flatfish consumption has also decreased simultaneously with the overall drop in the fish market. The average flatfish consumption in 2010 was estimated at 2.8 kg per capita a year, and in 2011 the flatfish consumption per capita had decreased to approximately 2.6 kg.The total amount of flat fish consumed in the Dutch market was estimated at 68 million kg in 2010 and 64 million kg in 2011.

Flatfish consumption (Breeding &Sea Catch)

(Units: 1.000kg)

Period	2010	2011	2012 January	2012 February	2012 March	2012 April	2012 May	2012 June
Fish Type
European Flounder	2,748	2,603	198	334	150	118	148	192
Brill	1,285	1,118	90	94	84	84	64	65
Batoidea	540	286	25	22	9	10	14	23
Common Dab	6,251	4,780	236	322	215	321	495	487
Megrim	18	21	0	0	-	2	3	1
European Plaice	45,096	43,925	2,745	1,658	1062	2,648	3,172	3,558
Black Sole	10,221	8,818	578	624	626	706	568	597
Lemon sole	746	973	26	24	21	52	88	73
Righteye Flounder	10	16	0	-	-	2	5	2

Source: www.cbs.nl

 ○ The total amount imported in 2012 as indicated in the table above describes solely the quantity of fish consumed until June 2012, and resemble an average consumption per capita of 1.5 kg until the month of June (No data available from June 2012 to December 2012).

Average flatfish price

(Unit: In euros)

            Source: www.cbs.nl

 ○ The kilo price for flatfish as indicated above is calculated by dividing the total price by 1000 kg. The common dab has been during the years 2010 and 2011 the most affordable flatfish type, but in 2012 found a dramatic increase during the month January, and September. The Brill, Megrim, European Plaice, and Lemon Sole have been slightly fluctuating but remained stable for long period of time. The Halibut, Turbot, and Black sole, have been the most expensive fish consumed from 2010 up to September 2012.

2. Import regulation

□ Policies and regulations

 ○ Import of living aquatic animals (including flatfish seed) is subjected to very strict regulation. Regulations and policies for the fishery industry is set at two levels, namely at the EU policy level and at a national level. The Dutch fishery policies are mainly laid down in European regulations.

 ○ The Dutch policy for sea fishing is largely determined by the European Union, and it consists of four pillars: 1Conservation policy with the primary aim of protecting fishing grounds and fish stocks.2Structural policies with the primary aim to manage fleet capacity and improving infrastructure.3 Market policy with the primary aim of stabilizing the market.4 External policy with the primary purpose of making agreements with non-EU Member States of the European fleet fishing in their waters.

 ○ EG(Regulation) No 282/2004 requires that every company importing living animals (넙치종자 포함) to the Netherlands are subjected to veterinary checks for animals entering the EU. The transportation of the animals should be accompanied with a GDB form (common veterinary entry document. 파일첨부) which often can be acquired online.

 ○ Farms involved in aquaculture production must be in possession of a license granted by the NVWA (Dutch Food and Drug Administration) referred to in Article 2.1.1 of the aquaculture regulation for fish farms and mollusk farming.

 ○ European regulations requires that living animals and products of animal origin from countries outside the European Union (third countries) when entering the EU must undergo stronger veterinary checks. This applies to import, and transit through EU territory. Import of living aquatic species from third countries is allowed into the country under one important condition. The condition states that import of any aquatic animal intended for farming, relaying areas, open ornamental facilities and restock must be accompanied by an animal health certificate. Import of aquatic animals from third countries is only possible when animal health certificate, and control systems of the country of origin are compatible with the ones established by the EU member states and when:

 ○ The species being brought into Member States, zones or compartments are declared free from exotic diseases (in accordance with Article 49 or 50 of  Directive, 2006/88/EC).

 ○ The species in question are subject to a surveillance or eradication program (In accordance with Article 44, paragraph 1 or 2 of EU Directive).

 ○ Or if the species in question belongs to a category susceptible to vector or other diseases which the Member State, zone or compartment have declared free from danger, or for which a control or eradication program applies.

 ○ Aquaculture animals and products intended for human consumption should therefore only be imported from the third countries, territories, zones or compartments in which are included in a list drawn up in accordance with Article 11, paragraph 1, of Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004.

□ Tariffs

 ○ Import tariff for control of living animals and live products and feed from third countries varies. The amount per kilogram on weekdays between 06:00 and 23:00 is ?0.00987. The amount per kilogram between 06:00 and 23:00 hours, Saturday, Sunday and public holiday is ? 0.01258, and the amount per document referred on the scheme feed is ? 27.52.

 ○ Import tariff for flatfish from Korea was not simultaneously abolished with the free trade agreements that came into force earlier in 2011. Korea is subjected to a descending tariff reduction of six years before reduced to zero. The import tariff for flatfish (HS Code: 03021900) after the establishment of the FTA agreements are established as follow: In 2011 at 16%, in 2012 at 13%, in 2013 at 10%, in 2014 at 6%, in 2015 at 3.33% and finally in 2016 to 0%.

3. Turbot

□ Trend & Raise survey

 ○ Turbot is currently considered as a luxury fish type in the Netherlands. In 2011 the fish was being commercialized in the Netherlands at an average price of ? 8.4 per kilo. Turbot is being imported from different EU countries as well produced (artificially grown) locally. There are two firms in the Netherlands using modern technics to artificially grow turbot. Firms in the Netherlands producing turbot are among other: Seafarm BV, and Grovisco -> See Chapter V

 ○ Fish farming have played a significant role in the past 15 years to meet the rising demand of Turbot. The annual supply of breed turbot is now about 5,000 tons, and reflects about 40 percent of the total amount being commercialized. The majority of the (Breeding) farms in Europe can be found along the northern coast of Spain. In Northern Europe, climate and seawater temperature are considered to be less ideal for breeding of the turbot, therefore new methods and technology are playing a huge role to make this possible, particularly in the Netherlands.

 ○ Turbot is grown from seed until the moment that it meets the size demanded at the market. The seed comes particularly from specialized foreign breeding institutions. Turbot larvae(알) are raised during the first period with the rotifer and brine (artemia) at a density of 15 to 20 species per liter. From a weight of about 7.5 grams, the animal is fed with fine dry food. At a later stage as the animals gets bigger, a special type of food is used to feed the turbot. The production temperature is between 14 and 18 ° C. It takes on average 1.5 to 2 years before the fish gets the desired market weight of 1 to 2 kilograms.

Turbot exporting countries/amt. to Netherlands

(Unit: In million, %)

Share
	2010	2011	2012	2010	2011	2012
Total	0	0	2,177517	100	100	100
United Kingdom	0	0	0,61536	0	0	28,26
Denmark	0	0	0,444427	0	0	20,41
Belgium	0	0	0,413603	0	0	18,99
Germany	0	0	0,375511	0	0	17,25
Spain	0	0	0,11805	0	0	5,42
Norway	0	0	0,088757	0	0	4,08
France	0	0	0,071734	0	0	3,29
Iceland	0	0	0,047906	0	0	2,2
Sweden	0	0	0,001857	0	0	0,09
Estonia	0	0	0,000316	0	0	0,02

Source: www.cbs.nl

□ Import trend

 ○ In 2010 and 2011 the quantity of turbot imported was so limited that almost not data is available to indicate the exact amount imported into the country. In 2012, the United Kingdom was leading the export of this particular type of fish with 28% of the total amount import, followed by Denmark with, 20%, and Belgium contributing with 19% of the total amount imported. The total amount imported reflects 60 percent of the total amount commercialized.

4. Halibut

□ Trend & Raise survey

 ○ There is a distinction made in the consumption of pacific halibut, Atlantic halibut and the Greenland halibut. The pacific halibut is generally imported from Japan, Mexico and US and is sold in between January and November. The Atlantic Halibut is mainly cached or grown around the North Sea.

 ○ The grown (breeding) halibut is today much successfully cultivated, the process is largely applied and sold at a big scale in Norway and exported to other European countries including the Netherlands. As a matter of fact, Netherlands doesn’t possess any halibut farming simply because of the fact that Halibut requires extreme temperatures to be grown which usually reflects in higher production costs.

 ○ The advantage provided by the artificially grown halibut is that it allows the fish to be sold during the whole year at a constant price.  The Greenland halibut is imported from countries around the artic sea, and is commercialized between January and October. Greenland halibut can be sometimes fresh commercialized but is frequently sold frozen. Unfortunately not data were found with regard the production and import of the Atlantic and pacific halibut.

 ○ The cultivated halibut is relatively smaller than its wild counterpart. It takes approximately three to four years to achieve a market desired weighing from 2 to 7 kg. There is however enough cultivated halibut available in the Dutch market.

Greenland Halibut exporting countries/amt. to Netherlands

(Unit: In millions of dollar, %)

				Share				Change
	2010	2011	2012		2010	2011	2012	12/11
Total	0,559	0,427	0,391		100	100	100	-8,35
United Kingdom	0,338	0,279	0,221		60,5	65,45	56,54	-20,82
Germany	0,201	0,115	0,152		35,9	26,98	38,76	31,65
Belgium	0,015	0,027	0,018		2,68	6,44	4,7	-33,04
United States	0,004	0,000	0,000		0,66	0	0	0
Denmark	0,001	0,005	0,000		0,26	1,14	0	-100
Iceland	0	0	0		0	0	0	0

Source: EuroStat

□ Import trend

 ○ The United Kingdom has been the major exporter of the Greenland halibut over the years. Its exports as indicated at the table above have been decreasing consecutively since 2010 with an average percentage of 8.35%. Germany occupies the second place in terms of Greenland halibut export to the Netherlands and had an average decrease of 20.82% from 2011 to 2012. In general, import of Greenland halibut has been decreasing over the years affecting every country importing to the Netherlands. This decrease can be attributable to the fact that Dutch consumer are buying less fish as result of the economic crisis.

5. Breeding Farms

□ Fish Production Growth

 ○ Fish farming in the Netherlands started to grow earlier in the eighties, and since 1990 the production of fish has increased from 1,500 tons to 11,000 tons in 2007, with an average annual growth of about 11%.

 ○ A distinction is made between fish farming for consumption and fish farming for ornament purposes.

Fish production growth 1985~2005

Source: Wageningen Aquaculture/ Pvis

 ○ In total there are about 100 fish farms in the Netherlands, the main species produced are eel (about 50%) and catfish (about 30%). There are few firms producing other species “In relatively smaller scale” such as tilapia, sole, turbot, perch, barramundi and bass.

 ○ The largest share of aquaculture species remains the shellfish. Shell fish are cultivated in nurseries in the Wadden Sea (Southeastern North Sea), Oosterschelde (Zeeland), and Grevelingenmeer (South Holland/ Zeeland). Mussel is the mostly grown type of shellfish, there was an estimated supply of nearly 6,000 tons in 2006, followed by the Japanese oyster (310 tons in 2003) and the European oyster (26 tons in 2003).

 ○ Codfish is one of the newest species being experimented with in aquaculture (farming). A result of overfishing in recent years, the wild codfish became scarce, thus, presenting new opportunities for the farming industry. NUTRECO(HQ in Netherlands) is one of the leading firm (fish feed) that started already investing in this field by acquiring several permits in Norway in order to take advantages of this opportunities.

 ○ Other new species for aquaculture being experimented are the halibut and cobia. The cobia is considered very attractive for farming because of its rapid growth. It is hardly being cultivated, but there is plenty of research into the possibilities for the near future.

□ Turbot farming firms

 ○ Seafarm BV is a fish farming company specialized in growing fish (including turbot) and shellfish. Seafarm is a family owned business established in the earlier 1965 and is located in Zeeland (South West). The company’s core business is to breed fish at sustainable and time efficient manner and does not perform distribution activities. Website: www.seafarm.nl / Tel: +31-113371828/ Fax: +31-113371428.

 ○ Grovisco is a fish farm, specialized in vegetables, sea aster, turbot and glasswort. The firm is located in Zeeland and is the direct competitor of Seafarm BV. Grovisco breeds turbot using a so called recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) which means that the water is used several times and is continuously filtered. The company uses technics comparable to those applied in South Europe. Website: www.grovisco.eu / Tel: +31-166 697 380/ Fax: +31-166697382.

□ Importers

 ○ Current fish seeds/young fish are particularly being imported from France, England and Denmark. The largest market for importing seeds and young fish remains for the ornamental purposes.

 ○ Seafarm produces and grow its own seed and doesn’t import from abroad.

 ○ Grovisco has its current supplier located in France and doesn’t grown the seeds by itself.

 ○ ATF (Animals to fly) is a company specialized in the transportation of living animals including fish for ornamental and commercial purposes. Email: Service@AnimalsToFly.com / Tel: +31-23 5577990 / Fax: +31-235577896.

□ Related organizations

 ○ Wageningen Aquaculture is a consortium of IMARES (Institute for Marine Resources &Ecosystem Studies) and AFI (Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, both are part of Wageningen University & Research Center (Wageningen UR). Its mission is to be primary monitoring academic research and education on sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries. Contact Person: Mr. Ewout Blom / Email: ewout.blom@wur.nl / Tel: +31-317487427.

 ○ Vis Bureau (Fish board) is the entity that has the statutory duty to represent the fish industry and exercise in the best interest of its stakeholder in terms of regulating issues and promotion of fish sector. Contact person: Ms. Celeste Richardson/ Email: c.richardson@visbureau.nl/ Tel: +31-703369600/ Fax: +31-703999426.

 ○ Nederlandse Voedsel En Waren Authoriteit (Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority) monitors the health of animals and plants, animal welfare, food safety for consumer products, and safeguard national food resources. Website: www.nvwa.nl / Email: info@vwa.nl / Tel: +31-882233333.

6. Conclusion

□ The aim of this report was to study the current market trend and demand for flatfish, in particular for turbot and halibut.

□ Looking at the average Dutch consumption, evidences indicate that fish consumption has decreased from 2010 to 2011. Supermarkets remains the major distribution channel to reach consumer representing 3/4 of the total amount of fish consumed at home. The total value of fish consumed was estimated at 540 million euros and is expected to decline in the next few years, as result of the economic crisis.

□ Import regulation is dictated at EU level and at National level. At the EU level its foundation consist of four pillars the first pillar aims at conservation policies and protection of the fishing grounds, the second pillar aims at managing fleet and improve structure, the third pillar aims at designing market policy with the primary aim of stabilizing the market, and the fourth pillar aims at making agreement with non-EU countries for the European fleet fishing in their water. At a national the rules dictates the tariffs to be paid, the licenses required and veterinary checks to be submitted which, based on the conditions imposed at the EU level making, and therefore reflects the major barriers for import of living animals into Netherlands.

□ Furthermore, the market research indicates that turbot is being consumed as a luxury fish, and that its price remains relatively higher than other flatfish types being consumed. Turbot is being produced by a very limited number of firms and that those firms are very reluctant to engage in partnerships with non EU firms, giving the low demand for the product at the moment and enormous regulation barriers imposed at national and EU level. These limitations may pose huge barriers for non EU countries aiming to export to the Netherlands since it makes very hard to penetrate in the supply chain.

□ Contrary to turbot, there is a distinction in the categories between Atlantic, pacific and Greenland halibut and that none of those categories is being produced in the Netherlands because of its costly nature of investments. Researcher and other specialist have recently started exploring the possibilities to produce this type of fish locally which may present some room for export opportunity for Korean companies in the near future.

□ Based on the evidences indicated above, a conclusion can me drawn that export of flatfish seed to the Netherlands is very costly, time consuming and an extremely difficult activity, because of its huge import barrier and low level of interest of specialized firms to corporate with non-European partners.  However, once strategic response have been drawn to allocated and remove those barriers it may turn to be a profitable business.