영어로 제목을 쓰는 방법

[靑山]

영어로 제목을 쓰는 방법
(Title Capitalization Rules) -
출처: 대학 수업을 기반으로, 인터넷 검색

1. 항상 첫 단어와 마지막 단어는
대문자로 시작합니다.
(Function word라고 해도
마찬가지입니다)
  - ex. Of Mice and Men

2. 명사, 대명사, 고유명사는
대문자로 시작합니다.
 - Vising Beautiful Ruins
- As She Ran Away
(She: 대명사,
As & Away: 처음과 마지막 단어)
- For Whom the Bell Tolls

3. 동사와 조동사 또한 대문자로 시작합니다.
   - To Kill a Mockingbird
 - Their Eyes Were Watching God
(were- helping verb)

4. 형용사와 부사 또한 대문자로 시작합니다.
- All Quite on the Western Front
 - The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle
- She Quietly Waits

5. 전치사의 경우
짧은 전치사만 소문자로 시작합니다.
(단, 1번 규칙인 제목의 맨 앞과
맨 마지막에 오는 경우는 제외합니다)
- One Year in Paris
 - The Book of Disquiet
   - A House for Mr. Biswas
 Interview with a Vampire
- 짧다 길다의 기준은
기본적으로 6 letters 이상은
long prepositions로
대문자로 시작해 줍니다 (ex. Between)

6. 관사는 소문자로 씁니다.
(단, 1번 규칙인 제목의 맨 앞과
맨 마지막에 오는 경우는 제외합니다)
 Through the Looking Glass
 - The Portrait of a Lady
 - The Sense of an Ending
7. 길이가 짧은 Coordinating Conjunctions
(and, but, for, or, nor 등)은
소문자로 씁니다.
- War and Peace

8. 부제를 붙일 때도,
1~7의 규칙이 동일하게 적용됩니다.
  - ex. The Assassin’s Cloak : An Anthology
   of the World’s Greatest Diarists
    ( colon(:) 뒤에 바로 오고 있는
An/A의 경우 부제의 첫 글자로서
대문자를 사용해주는 겁니다.)

간단하게 정리하면
명사, 대명사, 동사, 형용사, 부사는
항상 대문자로 시작.
제목의 처음과 마지막 단어가 아닌 경우의
짧은 전치사와 관사, 접속사는
소문자로 시작.
(제목의 처음과 마지막 단어인 경우
무조건 대문자 시작)

Title Case Converter

A Smart Title Capitalization Tool

Which title case style should I use?

Options:

 Keep Words in All Caps

  Enable Multi-Line Input

 Show Explanations

 Highlight Changes

 Convert When Text Is Pasted

Use Straight Quotes

On this page:

 What Is Title Case? 

• Title Capitalization Rules 

• Using the Converter 

• Hints and Tips

What Is Title Case?

Title case is a style

that is traditionally used

for the titles of books,

movies, songs, plays, and other works.

In title case,

all major words are capitalized,

while minor words are lowercased.

A simple example would be 

Lord of the Flies.

Title case is often used for headlines

as well, for example,

in newspapers, essays, and blogs,

and is therefore also known

as headline style.

The capitalization rules are explained

in more detail in the next section,

but essentially title case means

to capitalize every word except articles

(a, an, the),

coordinating conjunctions

(and, or, but, …) and

(short) prepositions

(in, on, for, up, …).

This is trickier than it seems,

because many words can be used

in different grammatical functions.

For example, in Lay It All on Me,
“on” is a preposition

and must be lowercased,

but it is used as an adjective

in It’s On Again 

and as an adverb

in I Could Go On Singing,

so it must be capitalized

in both cases.

Here are some more examples:

• in: The Catcher in the Rye, but Give In to Me (adverb)
• out: Fresh out the Oven, but School’s Out Forever (adjective)
• up: Crawling up a Hill, but Picking Up the Pieces (adverb)
• but: Nothing but the Truth, but Life Is But a Dream (adverb)
• a: Let’s Make a Deal, but The A to Z of TV Gardening (noun)
• by: Stand by Me, but Stand By for Action (adverb)

These examples show that the approach to always lowercase in, on, by, etc., is inadequate and often leads to wrong results. This title capitalization tool therefore uses more sophisticated methods to capitalize your titles, and takes the context of each word into account. This produces highly accurate results, and all the examples mentioned above are handled correctly.

Title Capitalization RulesThe following section provides an overview of the title case rules. Additional information can be found on the dedicated pages Title Capitalization Rules and Words to Capitalize in a Title.

Title case is not a universal standard. Instead, there are a number of style guides—for example, the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) and the MLA Handbook—which each have individual rules for the capitalization of titles. However, there is a consensus about the basic rules:

• Always capitalize the first word of a title
• Capitalize the following parts of speech:
  • nouns
  • pronouns (including it, my, and our )
  • verbs (including is, am, and other forms of to be )
  • adverbs
  • adjectives
  • some conjunctions (style-dependent)
  • long prepositions (style-dependent)
• Lowercase the following parts of speech:
  • articles
  • some conjunctions (style-dependent)
  • short prepositions (style-dependent)

The main differences between the styles are:

• prepositions: According to the AMA manual, the APA manual, and the AP guidelines on composition titles, only prepositions up to three letters are lowercased (in, on, off, out, …). Bluebook and Wikipedia lowercase prepositions up to four letters (from, with, over, like, …). CMOS and MLA lowercase all prepositions, regardless of their length. The New York Times applies special rules: only selected prepositions with two or three letters are lowercased (at, by, in, for, …), while other prepositions of the same length are capitalized (up, off, out, …), as well as all prepositions with more than three letters.
• coordinating conjunctions: AMA, AP, APA, MLA, Bluebook, and Wikipedia lowercase all seven: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (which can be remembered by the mnemonic FANBOYS). CMOS lowercases for, and, nor, but, or, but not yet and so. The New York Times lowercases for, and, but, or, and capitalizes nor, yet, so.
• subordinating conjunctions: AP, APA, and the New York Times lowercase the subordinating conjunctions as and if (Do as I Do, What if We’re Wrong?). CMOS lowercases as, but capitalizes if. AMA, Bluebook, MLA, and Wikipedia capitalize both as and if.
• last word: AP, CMOS, MLA, the New York Times, and Wikipedia have a rule to always capitalize the last word of a title. AMA, APA, and Bluebook do not have such a rule, which means a preposition at the end of a title is lowercased in these styles (Be Careful What You Wish for).

There are further differences between the various capitalization styles, for example regarding hyphenated compounds. Details and a comparison table can be found on the separate Title Case Rules page.

Using the Converter

You can enter text either by typing or by pasting from the clipboard. If the option “Convert When Text Is Pasted” is checked, then pasting text automatically triggers the conversion. Otherwise, press “Enter” to start the conversion (only in single-line mode), or press Ctrl+Enter (on a PC) or Cmd+Enter (on a Mac), or click the “Convert” button. After the conversion, you can copy the results to the clipboard by clicking the “Copy” or “Copy All” button, or by pressing Ctrl+C (this works without marking the text beforehand!).

The converter provides explanations for why each word was capitalized or lowercased. They can be seen by hovering over the words of the converted title, or by switching on the “Show Explanations” option. If a word has a dotted red line under it, the converter is not sufficiently sure of its capitalization. The explanation text will then provide information to help you decide which alternative is the right one. An example title to try this is out with is The Monsters Came by Night.

Options

There are several options available. Only the first two have an influence on the result of the conversion:

Keep Words in All Caps: If this option is checked, then entered words in all caps will not be changed by the converter. For example, the input FREE consultation would be converted to FREE Consultation. If the option is unchecked, the result would be Free Consultation. The converter also recognizes various common acronyms and always converts them to all caps. For example, the inputs usa, uSa, and USA would all result in the output USA, even if “Keep Words in All Caps” is not checked. Unavoidably, acronyms that cannot be distinguished from regular words are exempt from this special handling (e.g., IT/it or US/us).

Use Straight Quotes: If this option is not checked, all quotation marks in the titles will be converted to curly quotes, also known as “smart” quotes or typographer’s quotes. Check this option if you prefer straight quotes, also known as "dumb" quotes or typewriter quotes.

Enable Multi-Line Input: Use this option to switch between single-line and multi-line mode. In single-line mode, only one title can be converted at a time, but in multiple styles, if desired. Multi-line mode, on the other hand, allows converting up to 30 titles at a time, but only in one style.

Show Explanations: If checked, explanations are shown for why each word was capitalized or lowercased.

Highlight Changes: If this option is checked, then all letters whose capitalization has changed are marked in yellow.

Convert When Text Is Pasted: If checked, pasting text triggers the conversion. Clearing the text box before pasting is not necessary since the existing text will be overwritten.

Typography

In addition to converting to title case, the converter also performs small typographic corrections. For example, straight quotes are changed to curly quotes, hyphens are changed to dashes where appropriate, three consecutive dots are converted to an ellipsis, and spaces are removed before question marks, exclamation marks, commas, etc. For example, "I like rock 'n' roll !" becomes “I Like Rock ’n’ Roll!”

Hints and Tips

• For a fast way to convert titles, enable the option “Convert When Text Is Pasted.” In your source application, copy the title(s) you want to convert to the clipboard, switch to the Title Case Converter, press Ctrl+V, wait a fraction of a second, and press Ctrl+C. Switch back to your application and paste the converted titles there.
• If you want to convert hundreds or thousands of titles, or want to integrate the converter into your own application, check out the Title Case Converter API.
• It is possible to preset the options of the converter by using URL parameters. This makes it possible to share a link to this website that automatically sets the options according to the guidelines of your organization. The URL for the current settings is: https://titlecaseconverter.com/?showExplanations=0&keepAllCaps=1&multiLine=1&highlightChanges=0&convertOnPaste=0&straightQuotes=0

Featured link: Passionate about text editing? Check for open jobs.

Contact

If you find any errors or have a suggestion, please contact me.

Rules for Capitalization in Titles of Articles
If you have a look at the title of this article you will see that some letters are capitalized and some are not. Although the capitalization of titles can sometimes depend on the particular style of a writer, institution or publication, there are some general rules to keep in mind.
Style Guides
The rules for capitalizing titles not only of articles, but also books, papers, speeches, etc, can vary according to a particular style guide, such as Associated Press Stylebook (AP), Chicago Manual of Style, and MLA style. This is known as title case. While you will find similarities between each guide, it's important to pay attention to their differences.
Style guide similarities:

• In all three styles, always capitalize the first and last word of any title.
• In all three styles, capitalize nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
• In all three styles, do not capitalize articles, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions.

Style guide differences:

• In the AP Stylebook, all words with three letters or less are lowercased. However, if any of those words are verbs (is, are, was, be), they are to be capitalized.
• In the Chicago Manual of Style, all prepositions are lowercased, even the lengthier ones (between, among, throughout).
• In MLA style, words with three letters or less are always lowercased.

So, which one should you choose? Well, it all depends if a certain style is required by your teacher, course, or subject/field. For example, MLA style is commonly used in the liberal arts or humanities. AP style is popularly used in journalism, Chicago is often used in business. A suggestion is to choose one style, or check to see what style is required by your teacher or editor, and stick to it.
The General Rules for Title Case
As we can see, there are some exceptions to the general rules for title case set forth by each style guide, but they mostly follow a similar pattern. We know to capitalize the first, last, and important words in a title. Important words include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and more. So, generally, these parts of speech are capitalized in titles:

• Nouns – man, bus, book
• Adjectives – angry, lovely, small
• Verbs – run, eat, sleep
• Adverbs – slowly, quickly, quietly
• Pronouns – he, she, it
• Subordinating conjunctions – as, because, that

“Short" words, those with less than five letters, are lowercase in titles, unless they are the first or last words. Generally, we do not capitalize:

• Articles – a, an, the
• Coordinating Conjunctions (fewer than five letters) – and, but, or, for, nor, etc.
• Prepositions (fewer than five letters) – on, at, to, from, by, etc.

When in doubt and you do not have a reference guide in front of you, here is one general rule recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual:
"Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents, except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor."
What About Sentence Case?
Now that we know some of the ins and outs of title case, let's take a look at sentence case. In sentence case, the title is written as if it is a sentence. This is considered a more casual style and is commonly used in newspapers and on the web.
Only the first word has a capital letter:

• Budget wedding invitations
• Best technology blogs

However, proper nouns within the title are also capitalized:

• Top 10 things to do in Paris
• Hiking at the Grand Canyon

Whether you're writing in title case or sentence case, every style guide is just a little bit different. You might discover that some publications are moving toward sentence case. There are a couple reasons why writers choose this over title case.
First, one could argue that capitalized words slow down a reader's ability to scan. A title written in sentence case could be perceived as having an uninterrupted flow. Next, some publications prefer this style simply because it's more likely to preserve consistency. With sentence case, there's no nitpicking over the capitalization of a three-letter preposition.
You might notice an overall trend toward this style. Many heavy hitters in the publishing industry use sentence case, including The Boston Globe, LA Times, and USA Today. However, if you pick up a copy of The New York Times, you'll see they stick with Title Case.
Advanced Rules to Note
One of the beautiful complexities of the English language is that, for every rule you learn, there's probably an exception. Here are some advanced rules for title capitalization:
Hyphenated Titles
Let's take a look at the Chicago Manual of Style's guidelines:

• Capitalize the first element.
• Capitalize subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor).
• Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated spelled-out number.
• Do not capitalize the second element if the first element is a prefix that could not stand alone by itself (anti or pre).

Open Compounds
An open compound comes to life when a modifying adjective is used in conjunction with a noun. This creates a new noun. Hopefully warning bells will signal in your mind, as nouns are almost always capitalized.

• Salad Dressing Recipes
• The Best Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Year

The First Word Following a Colon
Let's take a look at both the Chicago and AP Style guidelines:

• Capitalize the first word after a colon.
• Capitalize the first word after a colon if it begins an independent clause.
• Do not capitalize the first word after a colon if the clause cannot stand alone.

Prepositions That Belong to a Phrasal Verb
Prepositions often find themselves on the 'do not capitalize' list. However, when a preposition becomes an important part of a phrasal verb, it does need to be capitalized.

• How to Back Up a Computer
• Turn Down the Heat to Save You Money

Following the Rules
If you are debating how to capitalize titles in research papers and articles, your professor or editor will most likely delegate a certain style. In that case, make sure you visit the handbook on that style guide's website. There will be ample guidance and examples. Aside from that, there are a wealth of other resources and handy tools out there. As you craft your titles, pay careful attention not only to the type of word, but also the length and placement of each word.
Furthermore, no matter your personal preference, make sure you write the exact titles of books, newspapers, journals, etc. as they are written on the original document (even if they do not follow common capitalization rules).

Common Title Capitalization Rules

If you familiarize yourself with common title capitalization rules, it will be easier to write articles, papers, and other pieces. Although the capitalization of words in titles can sometimes depend on the particular style of a writer, institution, or publication, there are some general rules to keep in mind.

Basic Title Capitalization Guidelines

The rules for capitalization in titles of articles, books, papers, speeches, and other documents can vary according to a particular style guide, such as The Associated Press Stylebook, The Chicago Manual of Style, and MLA Handbook. However, no matter what style guide you use, these rules usually hold true.

Capitalize the First and Last Word

In all three styles, always capitalize the first and last word of any title. These examples will help:

• How to Land Your Dream Job
• Of Mice and Men
• The Cat in the Hat

Capitalize Nouns and Pronouns

You should capitalize nouns and pronouns in titles in all three styles. This includes proper nouns. You can see this rule in action in these examples:

• Visiting Beautiful Ruins (noun)
• As She Ran Away (pronoun)
• Little House on the Prairie (nouns)
• For Whom the Bell Tolls (pronoun)

Capitalize Verbs and Helping Verbs

No matter which style you are using, you'll also need to capitalize verbs. This includes helping verbs and variations on the verb "to be." These examples will help:

• To Kill a Mockingbird (verb)
• The Sun Also Rises (verb)
• Their Eyes Were Watching God (helping verb and verb)
• Tender Is the Night (verb)

Capitalize Adjectives and Adverbs

You should also capitalize adjectives and adverbs in all three styles. You can see this rule in action here:

• All Quiet on the Western Front (adjectives)
• The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (adjective)
• She Quietly Waits (adverb)
• The Poky Little Puppy (adjectives)

Do Not Capitalize Short Prepositions

Each style has its own rules for how long a preposition needs to be if you're going to capitalize it in a title. However, no matter which style you're using, prepositions of three letters or fewer are lowercase unless they are the first or last word in the title. These examples will show you:

• One Year in Paris
• The Book of Disquiet
• A House for Mr. Biswas

Do Not Capitalize Articles

In all three styles, you should not capitalize articles in the title unless they are the first or last word in the title. Articles include "the," "a," and "an," as you can see here:

• Through the Looking Glass
• The Portrait of a Lady
• The Sense of an Ending

Do Not Capitalize Short Coordinating Conjunctions

Short coordinating conjunctions like "and," "but," "or," "for," or "nor" are lowercase in titles in all three styles. Here are a few examples:

• War and Peace
• The Once and Future King
• Franny and Zooey

Style Guide Differences and Exceptions

While you will find similarities between each guide, it's important to pay attention to their differences. These are the specific rules and special cases you should consider for each style.

AP Stylebook

In the AP Stylebook, all words with three letters or fewer are lowercase in a title. However, if any of those short words are verbs (e.g., "is," "are," "was," "be"), they are capitalized.

Chicago Style

In Chicago style, all prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word of the title. These include the lengthier ones, such as "between," "among," and "throughout."

MLA Style

In MLA style, words with three letters or fewer are always lowercase. The exception here is if they are the first or last word of the title.

What About Sentence Case?

Now that you know the ins and outs of title case, let's take a look at sentence case.

In sentence case, the title is written as if it were a sentence. This is considered a more casual style and is commonly used in newspapers and on the web for headline capitalization. There are a couple reasons why writers choose sentence case over title case:

• One could argue that capitalized words slow down a reader's ability to scan, while a title written in sentence case could be perceived as having an uninterrupted flow.
• Some publications prefer this style simply because it's more likely to preserve consistency. With sentence case, there's no nitpicking over the capitalization of a three-letter preposition.

Capitalize Only the First Word in Sentence Case

In sentence case, only the first word has a capital letter. Consider these examples:

• Budget wedding invitations
• Best technology blogs
• Why you should be drinking more water

Capitalize Proper Nouns in Sentence Case

Ordinary nouns and pronouns are not capitalized in sentence case. However, proper nouns within the title are still capitalized:

• Top 10 things to do in Paris
• Hiking at the Grand Canyon
• Where Tom Cruise spent his summer vacation

Advanced Rules to Note

One of the complexities of the English language is that, for every rule you learn, there's probably an exception. Here are some advanced rules for title capitalization.

Hyphenated Titles

Let's take a look at The Chicago Manual of Style's guidelines for hyphenated words in titles:

• Capitalize the first element of the hyphenated word.
• Capitalize subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor):
  • High-Quality Web Services
  • First-Rate U.S. Lawyers
  • Bed-and-Breakfast Options in Savannah
• Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated, spelled-out number.
  • Forty-Ninth Street Blues
• Do not capitalize the second element if the first element is a prefix that could not stand alone by itself (such as anti- or pre-).
  • Anti-inflammatory Dieting
  • Pre-existing Conditions

Open Compounds

An open compound comes to life when a modifying adjective is used in conjunction with a noun. This creates a new noun. Hopefully, warning bells will signal in your mind, as nouns are almost always capitalized.

• Salad Dressing Recipes
• The Best Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Year
• Useful Mobile Phone Apps

First Word Following a Colon

Both Chicago and AP Stylebook guidelines say you should capitalize the first word after a colon in title case:

• Feminine Poetry: Ten Women Writers from Around the World
• International Travel: Tips and Advice for Budget Travelers
• George Washington: The Untold Story

In sentence case, you should capitalize the first word after a colon if it begins an independent clause.

• I know who you are: You are my friend
• Jerry can't afford it: He's broke
• The people have spoken: Raise minimum wage now

In sentence case do not capitalize the first word after a colon if the clause cannot stand alone.

• I know who you are: nobody
• Jerry can't afford it: no money
• The people have spoken: higher minimum wage

Prepositions That Belong to a Phrasal Verb

Prepositions often find themselves on the "do not capitalize" list. However, when a preposition becomes an important part of a phrasal verb, it does need to be capitalized.

• How to Back Up a Computer
• Turn Down the Heat to Save You Money
• Billionaire Pledges to Give Back to His Community

When in Doubt

When you're in doubt and you do not have a reference guide in front of you, here is one general rule recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual:

Furthermore, no matter your personal preference, make sure you write the exact titles of books, newspapers, journals, and other publications as they are written on the original document (even if they do not follow common capitalization rules).

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Know the Rules

Knowing the general rules for capitalization in titles can help make the writing process easier. Many of these rules also work for headline capitalization in articles as well. Take some time to familiarize yourself with these basic guidelines, and you'll be all set the next time you need to write a bibliography or reference a title in your writing.

Kate Miller-Wilson

B.A. English