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A
abandon 버리다, 포기하다[give up], ~을 단념하다, 버리고 떠나다 : relinquish, leave, desert, quit, forsake
abatereduce, let up, decrease, diminish, lessen : 줄다, 감소시키다
abbreviateshorten, curtail, brief, truncate, abridge : 생략하다, 줄이다.
abhorhate, detest, loathe : 혐오하다
abideremain, sojourn, reside, inhabit : 머무르다, 버티다
abjecthumiliating, contemptible, base, mean : 비열한, 비굴한
abolish annul, nullify, revoke : 없애다, 폐지하다
abound teem, swarm : 풍부하다
abreast alongside : 나란히, 병행하여
abrupt sudden, hasty : 뜻밖의, 갑작스런
absent-minded oblivious, inattentive : 얼빠진, 방심상태의
absolute complete, perfect : 확실한
absorb swallow, engulf : 흡수하다, 열중케하다
abstract theoretical, unpracticed : 추상적인, 난해한
absurd ridiculous, foolish, stupid : 불합리한, 어리석은
abundanceplenty, profusion : 유복, 풍부
abusemisuse, maltreat, ill-use, reproach, slander : 남용하다, 욕하다
accelerate*hurry, speed, hasten, quicken, speed up, expedite : 가속하다, 빠르게 하다
acceptadmit, approve, acknowledge : 받아들이다
accessapproach : 접근
accidental casual, contingent : 우연히, 뜻하지 않게
accommodate suit, fit, adapt, hold, contain : 수용하다
accompanyescort, convoy : 동반하다
accomplishfulfill, complete, achieve, execute : 이루다, 완성하다
accord agree, assent, concur : 일치하다, 적응시키다
account explanation, exposition : 계산, 평가, 설명
accurate correct, precise : 정확한
accuseindict, charge, impeach, blame : 비난하다, 고발하다
accustomedcustomary, habitual, wont : 익숙한
achieve accomplish, effect, perform : 이루다, 성취하다
acidsour, biting : 신, 산성의
acknowledgeadmit, confess, own : (~이 사실임을) 인정하다
acquaintanceassociate, companion : 아는 사람, 아는 사이
acquire gain, win, earn, secure : 얻다, 배우다
actualtangible, definite, genuine : 현실의
acutepointed, sharp, intense, poignant, severe, fierce, violent, keen, shrewd
날카로운,예리한
adaptsuit, adjust, fit : 적응시키다
address 1. residence, abode : 주소
2. speech, lecture, discourse : 인사말, 강연
adequate sufficient, suitable : 충분한
adhere stick, cleave, cling : 들러붙다, 부착하다
adjourn suspend, postpone, defer, delay : 연기하다
adjustfit, adapt, suit : 조절하다
administermanage, conduct, execute, direct, supervise : 관리하다
admirable praiseworthy, fine, excellent : 칭찬할만한, 훌륭한
admire esteem, revere : 감탄하다
admitacknowledge, own, confess, receive : 허락하다
adoreworship, esteem, revere : 숭배하다
adorn* decorate, beautify, ornament : 꾸미다
advance improve, progress, propose, offer : 나아가다, 진보하다
advantage benefit, profit, behalf : 유리, 우월
adversary antagonist, opponent, enemy, foe : 적, 상대자
adversity calamity, catastrophe, disaster, misfortune : 불행, 역경, 재난
advocate support, argue for, speak for : 주창자, 대변자
affect1. influence, impress, touch, stir : ~에 영향을 미치다
2. pretend, feign, assume : ~인 체하다
affectationairs, pretense : ~인 체함, 가장
affection attachment, amity, love : 애정, 호의
affluent rich, opulent, abundant : 풍족한, 부유한
affront offend, insult, abuse : 모욕하다
aggregate assemble, collect, accumulate, gather : 집합하다, 모이다
aggressiveoffensive, assaulting, militant : 침략적인, 적극적인
agilequick, light, nimble : 민첩한, 재빠른
agreeassent, consent, accede, concede, comply : 동의, 일치하다
ailingsick, ill, unwell : 병든
aimdirect, point : 겨누다, 겨냥하다
alarmfright, terror, panic, dismay : 놀람, 공포, 경보
alertattentive, vigilant, watchful, wary, heedful : 경계하는
alienstrange, foreign : 외국의
allegedeclare, affirm, assert : 단언하다, 주장하다
alleviate ease, lessen, abate : 덜다, 완화하다
alliance association, partnership, affiliation, union : 결연, 동맹
allotdivide, distribute, assign, allocate : 할당하다, 분배하다
allowpermit, grant : 허락하다
allyalign, confederate, join, combine, affiliate, conjoin : 동맹, 결연하다
altermodify, change, vary : 바꾸다, 변경하다
alternate interchange, occur successively : 교체하다, 번갈아하는
alternativechoice, option : 양자택일의
altitude height, elevation : 높이, 고도
amass* collect, gather, accumulate : 쌓다, 모이다
amazeastound, surprise, astonish : 몹시 놀라게 하다
ambiguousunclear, vague : 모호한, 확실하지 않은
amiable kind, friendly, amicable : 붙임성 있는, 귀여운
amplelarge, spacious, vast, great : 넓은, 충분한
amplify enlarge, expand, magnify : ~을 확대하다
amuseentertain, please, cheer : 즐겁게하다
ancestor forefather ; (Ant) descendant : 선조, 조상
anchor fix, secure, fasten : 닻으로 고정시키다
ancient old, aged, antique, antiquate : 옛날의, 고전의
angerresentment, wrath, fury, indignation, rage : 노여움, 성남
angryindignant, resentful, irate : 성난, 노한
anguish pain, pang, suffering, agony : 격통, 고뇌
annihilate*remove, clear, abolish, liquidate, erase, exterminate, obliterate, eradicate
전멸, 폐지
announce proclaim, publish, declare : 알리다, 공고하다
annoyharass, bother, worry, trouble : 괴롭히다
anonymous*unnamed, unsigned : 익명의, 작자불명의
antagonist opponent, adversary : 적대자, 경쟁자
antagonize*counteract : 대항하다
anticipate foresee, forecast : 예견하다
antipathy dislike, disgust, hatred ; (Ant) sympathy : 반감, 혐오
apathetic indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested : 무감각한, 냉담한
apextip, summit, zenith, acme, climax : 꼭대기, 정점, 절정
appallfrighten, horrify, terrify, shock : 오싹하게 하다
apparel clothes, dress, garb, attire, costume : 옷을 입히다
apparent plain, clear, evident, obvious, conspicuous, manifest : 명백한, 분명한, 겉모양만의
appealentreaty, request, petition : 애원하다, 호소하다
appease pacify, quiet, soothe, calm, tranquilize : 달래다, 진정시키다
appendix supplement, adjunct : 부록, 추가
applause acclamation, acclaim : 박수갈채
appliance instrument, apparatus, device, tool : 기구, 장치
applyuse, employ, utilize : 알맞다, 적용하다
appoint nominate, name, designate : 지명하다, 임명하다
apportiondivide, allot, assign, allocate : 배분하다
appreciatevalue, estimate : 진가를 인정하다
apprehension anxiety, misgiving : 우려, 염려
appropriatesuitable, proper, assign, apportion, allocate : 적당한, 충당하다
apt1. inclined, disposed, prone, liable, likely : ~하기 쉬운
2. proper, appropriate, correct : 적당한
aptly*appropriately : 적절히
aptitude aptness, fitness, suitability : 적성, 적절함
archaic ancient, antiquated, antique : 고풍의
ardentpassionate, fervent, intense, eager, enthusiastic : 불타는, 타오르는
ardoreagerness, zeal, passion, enthusiasm : 열정, 열심
arguedebate, discuss, dispute : 논하다, 설득하다
arouseanimate, awaken, excite, incite, stimulate : 깨우다, 자극하다
arrange order, array : 가지런히 하다, 배열하다
arrogant haughty, insolent, overbearing : 거만한, 오만한
arrestseize, apprehend, capture : 체포하다, 검거하다
ascend mount, soar, arise : 오르다, 올라가다
ascertain determine, settle, discover : ~을 확인하다, 조사하다
aspectappearance, look, countenance : 용모, 생김새
aspiredesire, long, yearn : 열망하다
assailassault, attack : 맹렬히 공격하다
assassinatemurder, kill, slay : 암살하다
assemble gather, congregate, collect, convene : 모으다, 집합하다
assembly congress, legislature, parliament, diet : 의회, 하원
assentaccede, consent : 동의하다, 찬성하다
assess* estimate, calculate, evaluate, appraise : 평가하다, 사정하다
assigndistribute, allot : 할당하다, 배당하다
associate join, affiliate, unite, combine : 연합시키다, 참가시키다
assortseparate, classify, group, sort, categorize : 분류하다
assume 1. undertake 2. pretend, affect : 맡다, 책임지다 /
assureconvince : 보증하다, 확실하게 하다
astonish amaze, surprise, astound, shock, startle, daze, stun : 깜짝 놀라게 하다
attachfasten, affix, join, annex : 붙이다, 접착하다
attachmentaffection : 부착, 부착물
attain1. reach : 도달하다
2. acquire, procure, win : 달성하다
attempt :try, seek : 시도하다
attend:wait on, serve : 시중들다, 간호하다
attentive :heedful, alert, watchful, careful : 주의 깊은
attire*:clothing : 차려 입히다, 옷차림새
attitude :position, bearing, pose : 태도, 자세
attract :draw, allure, charm : 유인하다, 매혹하다
authority :power : 권위, 권력
authorize :empower, allow, permit, let : 권한을 부여하다
auxiliary :subsidiary, subordinate, additional : 보조의 부가의
available :usable : 쓸모있는
avenge :revenge : 복수하다, 원수갚다
average :mean, median : 평균, 표준
avid:greedy, avaricious, desirous, acquisitive, covetous : 욕심많은, 탐욕스런
avoid:shun, evade, escape, elude : 피하다, 회피하다
aware:conscious : 의식이 있는, 알아차리는
awe:wonder, amazement : 두려움, 경외
awkward :clumsy, unskillful : 어색한, 꼴사나운
B
ban:forbid, inhibit, prohibit, enjoin, outlaw, proscribe, disallow, interdict : 금지령, 금하다
banish:expel, exile, deport : (국외로) 추방하다
bar:hinder, obstruct, deter, stop, impede : 막대기, 창살, 법정
barbarian :savage, primitive, barbaric, barbarous : 야만인, 미개인
bare:naked, nude, exposed : 발가벗은, 속이 빈
bargain :contract, trade, sell : 매매, 싼 물건
barren :sterile, infertile, unproductive : 불모의, 새끼를 낳지 못하는
barrier :bar, obstruction, barricade, obstacle : 장벽, 울타리
barter:trade, exchange : 교환하다, 교역하다
base:mean, degraded : 기초, 근거, 천한
beam:shine, gleam, glitter, radiate : 들보, 광선, 빛나다
bear:carry, transport, convey : 운반하다, 지탱하다, 견디다
bearing :manner, behavior, conduct : 태도, 관계
becoming :attractive, comely, suitable, appropriate : 어울리는, 적당한
beg:entreat, crave, implore, beseech, petition, request : 구걸하다, 부탁하다
behave :conduct : 행동하다
bend:curve, crook, bow : 구부리다, 굽히다
beneficial :helpful, profitable, advantageous : 유익한, 이로운
benevolent:kind, humane, tender, generous : 인자한
betray:be unfaithful to, be a traitor to : 배반하다
bewilder :confuse, perplex, puzzle : 당황하게 하다
bias*:prejudice : 성향, 경향
bid:command, order, direct : 명령하다
bind:band, bond, tie, fasten : 묶다, 둘러 감다
bite:gnaw, chew : 물다
bitter:harsh, acrid, biting : 쓴, 쓰라린, 지독한
blame:reproach, censure, condemn, disapprove : 나무라다, 비난하다
blast:explosion, outburst, burst : 한줄기 강한 바람, 폭풍
blaze:flame : 불꽃, 섬광
blemish :stain, defect, speck : 흠, 결점
blend:mingle, mix : 섞다
blind:sightless : 눈이 먼
blink:wink, twinkle : 깜빡거리다, 깜작이다
block:obstacle, blocking, blockade : 받침대, 장애물
bloody :cruel, ruthless : 잔인한, 피가 나는
blow:shock, calamity, disaster : 강타, 타격
blunt:dull ; (Ant) sharp : 무딘, 둔한
boast:brag, swagger : 자랑하다
bold:courageous, daring, valiant : 대담한
bond:union : 연맹
bondage :slavery, confinement : 노예의
boom* :flourish, thrive, prosper : 쿵하고 울리다
bore:weary, tire : 구멍을 뚫다
bother:annoy, worry, trouble, harass, disturb : 걱정하다, 근심하다
bound:boundary, border, limit, precinct : 경계, 한계
boundary :edge : 경계(선)
bow:stoop, bend, yield, submit : 구부리다, 굽히다
brain:intellect : 두뇌, 지력
brave:courageous, gallant, dauntless, bold : 용감한
bravery :boldness, courage, daring : 용감
break:shatter, batter, destroy : 깨뜨리다, 부수다
breed:create, generate, raise, rear, nurture : 양육하다, 기르다
brief:short, transitory, transient, temporary : 잠시의, 짧은
bright:radiant, glowing, beaming, brilliant : 빛나는, 영리한
brisk:active, lively, energetic : 활기있는
broad:wide, extensive, vast, spacious : 폭이 넓은
brood:dwell on, ponder, meditate : 골똘히 생각하다
brook:stream : 시내, 개천
brutal:savage, cruel, inhuman, ruthless, barbarous : 야수적인, 잔인한
brute:beast, animal : 짐승
burden :load : 무거운짐
burst:explode, blow up : 폭발하다, 터지다
bury:entomb, hide : 파묻다, 매장하다
C
calamity :tragedy, disaster, catastrophe, cataclysm : 재난, 불행
calculate :count, figure, reckon, compute : 계산하다, 추정하다
cancel:annul, revoke : 최소, 중지하다
candid :frank, open, outspoken : 솔직한
capacious :spacious, roomy : 널찍한, 큼지막한
capacity :1. magnitude, dimensions 2. ability : 용적, 수용력, 자격
capital :principal, chief, prime, primary, major, leading : 주요한, 수도, 대문자
captivate :charm, enthrall, enchant, fascinate : 마음을 사로잡다, 매혹하다
captivity :bondage, confinement : 포로
capture :seize, catch, snare : 사로잡다, 포획
careful :cautious, watchful, vigilant, discreet, prudent : 조심성있는, 주의깊은
careless :heedless, reckless, indiscreet : 부주의한, 무관심한
cargo:freight, load, burden : 뱃짐, 화물
carriage :vehicle, conveyance : 탈 것, 차
carry:convey, transport, transfer : 나르다, 전하다
cast:throw, fling, hurl, pitch : 던지다
casual:unexpected : 우연의, 무관심한, 무심결의
catastrophe:disaster, mishap, calamity, misfortune : 대이변, 큰재앙
cease:stop, terminate : 그치다, 그만두다
celebrate :observe, commemorate : 축하하다, 찬양하다
celebrated:famous, renowned, well-known, distinguished : 유명한, 저명한
celebrity :a famous person, hero, notable : 명성
celestial* :heavenly : 하늘의, 천재의
change :alter, turn, transform, vary : 바꾸다, 변하다
character :feature, trait, characteristic : 특성, 성격, 인물, 문자
charge :load : 채우다, 짐을 지우다
charitable :generous, benign, kind : 자비로운
cheat:deceive, defraud, trick, delude : 속이다
check:study, examination, inspection, stop : 저지하다, 조사하다, 대조, 검사
cheer:inspirit, animate, encourage : 격려, 환호, 갈채
cheerful :gay, joyful, buoyant, jolly : 쾌활한
cherish :treasure : 소중히 하다, 품다
chill:cold, coldness : 냉기, 냉담한
chop:cut, mince : 자르다, 찍다
chronic :habitual, confirmed : 만성의, 장기간에 걸친
civil:polite, courteous, civilized : 일반 시민의
claim:demand, request, requirement : 요구하다, 청구하다
clash:collide : 땡땡울리는 종소리, 출동
clasp:grasp, grip, clutch : 걸쇠, 버클
clean:unstained, clear, pure : 청결한, 깨끗한
cleanse :clean, purify : 청결하게 하다, 깨끗이 하다
clear:distinct, evident, plain, obvious, apparent, manifest : 분명한, 뚜렷한, 맑은
clever:smart, intelligent, ingenious : 영리한, 현명한
climb:mount, ascend, scale : (산 따위에) 오르다
clumsy :awkward : 서투른, 어색한
coarse:crude, rude, rough : 조잡한, 거친
coax:cajole, persuade : 감언, 달콤한 말을 하다
cohere:stick, cling, adhere, bond, cleave : 밀착하다, 결합하다
cohesion* :bond, adhesion : 점착, 결합
collect:assemble, amass, accumulate, aggregate : 모으다, 수집하다
column :pillar : 기둥, 원주
combat :struggle, fight, battle : 전투, 논쟁
combination:conjunction, association, union : 결합, 연합
combine :unite, join, associate, incorporate : 결합시키다
comfort :soothe, console, solace : 위로, 위안, 편안함
command :order, bid, instruct : 명령하다
commence:begin, start, originate : 시작하다
commend :entrust, laud, praise, exalt, applaud : 추천하다, 칭찬하다
communicate :transmit, convey : 전달하다, 통보하다
compact :tightly, packed : 빽빽하게 찬, 치밀한
companion:associate, partner, fellow, mate : 동료, 동반자
company :companionship, society : 회사, 조합
comparable:similar, equivalent, like, uniform, analogous, alike : 유사한
compassion:pity, sympathy, mercy : 동정
compel :force, impel : 강요하다, 억지로 ~시키다
compensate:atone : 보상하다, 갚다
compete :contend, vie, rival : 경쟁하다, 겨루다
competent :qualified, capable, proficient : 유능한
complain :grumble : 불평하다
complex :compound, complicated : 복잡한, 어려운
comply :acquiesce, conform, consent, accede : 동의하다
component*:element, ingredient : 성분, 구성요소
composed :calm, tranquil : 마음이 가라앉은
comprehend:understand, grasp, discern, perceive : 이해할 수 있는
comprehensive :inclusive, broad, extensive, sweeping : 포괄적인, 넓은
compress :condense, squeeze : 압축하다
compulsory:compelled, binding : 강제적인, 의무적인
conceal :hide, bury : 숨김, 은폐
conceit :vanity, complacency ; (Ant) humility, modesty : 자만, 자부심
conceive :understand, apprehend, comprehend : 이해하다, 생각하다
concentrate:focus, intensify : 집중하다, 한점에 모으다
conciseness:brevity : 간결
condemn :blame, censure : 비난하다
condense :compress, concentrate : 요약하다, 압축하다
condition :state, situation, circumstance : 상태
conduct :behavior, demeanor, manner, bearing : 행동하다, 이끌다, 안내하다
confer:bestow, give, donate, grant : 수여하다, 주다
conference:meeting, convention : 협의, 회의
confess :acknowledge, avow, own, admit, concede : 자백하다, 고백하다
confidence:trust, belief, faith, reliance : 신임, 신용
confident :certain, convinced : 확신하는, 자신만만한
confine :enclose, imprison : 한정하다, 가두다
confirm :assure : 확실하게 하다
conflict :collide, clash, contend, fight, combat : 투쟁, 전투
conform :comply, yield, agree, assent : 따르게 하다, 순응하다
confuse :disturb, confound, perplex, bewilder : 혼동하다, 어리둥절하게 하다
congress :meeting, assembly, conference : 국회, 대회
conquer :defeat, master, beat ; (Ant) surrender, submit : 정복하다, 억누르다
conscientious:just, upright, honest : 양심적인, 성실한
conscious :aware : 의식하고 있는
consequence:effect, result, outcome : 결과
consider :contemplate, meditate, reflect, ponder : ~라 생각하다, 숙고하다
considerate:thoughtful, charitable : 이해심있는
consistent :compatible, harmonious : 일관된, 언행이 일치된
console :comfort, solace, soothe : 위로하다, 위문하다
consort* :associate, fraternize, agree : 배우자, 동료
conspicuous*:prominent, manifest, plain, apparent : 확실히 보이는, 뚜렷한
constant :invariable, uniform, stable, unchanging : 불변의, 끊임없는
constrain :compel, coerce : 억지로 ~시키다, 강요하다
constrict :compress, contract : 압축하다, 죄다
consult :confer : 의견을 무다
consume :expend, exhaust : 다 써버리다, 소모하다
contagious:communicable, infectious : 전염성있는 (접촉에 의한)
contain :hold, accommodate, include : 포함하다
contaminate:pollute, stain, corrupt : 오염시키다
contemplate:consider, reflect, ponder, meditate : 심사숙고하다, 응시하다
contemporary :coexisting : ~와 같은 시대의, 현대의
contempt :scorn, disdain : 경멸, 멸시
contemptible:mean, abject, base : 경멸할만한
contemptuous :scornful, sneering : 사람을 얕잡아보는
contend :struggle, strive, fight, battle, combat, compete : 다투다, 강력히 주장하다
content :satisfied, contented : 만족하여
contest :struggle, conflict, battle, combat, fight : 경쟁, 논쟁
continual :incessant, ceaseless : 계속적인, 빈번한
contract :compact, bargain : 계약
contradictory :opposing, paradoxical, inconsistent, contrary : 모순된
contrast :comparison : 대조
contrive :devise, invent, design : 고안하다, 연구하다
control :dominate, govern, rule, reign : 지배, 억제
controversy:dispute, debate : 논쟁, 논의
convenient:handy : 편리한, 손쉬운
converse :opposite, reverse : 반대, 역
convert :change, transform : 전환하다
convey :carry, transport, transmit : 운송하다
convince :persuade : ~에게 납득시키다
core*:center, heart : 핵심
corpse:body : 시체
correct:amend, remedy, cure : 바로잡다, 교정하다
correspond:conform, accord, match : 일치하다, 부합하다
corrupt:rotten, spoiled : 타락한, 부정한
count:matter, weigh, signify : ~라고 생각하다
courteous:civil, polite, well-mannered : 예의바른, 정중한
cowardly:craven, afraid, timid : 겁많은, 소심한
crack:break, snap, split : 깨뜨리다
craft:skill, ingenuity : 기능, 솜씨
crash:shatter, smash : 산산히 부수다
crazy:insane, lunatic, mad : 미친
credit:belief, trust, confidence, faith, reliance : 신용
creditable:reputable, honorable : 명예로운, 신용할수 있는
credulous:gullible : 쉽게 믿는, 경솔한
crime:offense, sin, felony : 죄, 범죄
criminal:convict, sinner, culprit, offender : 범죄의, 형사상의
cripple:disable, maim, ruin : 불구가 되다, 무능한
crisis:emergency : 위기, 전환기
critic:reviewer, judge : 비평가, 평론가
critical:crucial, momentous, important, dangerous, perilous, hazardous : 비판적인 / 위독한
crop:harvest, produce, yield : 수확, 작물
crowd:throng, multitude, swarm, herd : 군중, 많은 사람
crucial*:1. decisive, conclusive, determinative, deciding. : 결정적인
2. critical, desperate, acute : 호된, 괴로운
crude:unrefined, raw : 가공하지 않은
cruel:barbarous, ferocious : 잔혹한, 잔인한
crush:shatter, smash, crumble : 짓밟다, 뭉개다
cumbersome*:awkward, bulky, clumsy, inconvenient : 다루기 힘든, 버거운
cunning:tricky, sly : 교활한, 약삭빠른
cure:remedy : 치료
curious:inquisitive, interested : 호기심 있는
current:prevailing, prevalent, common, popular : 통용되는
curse:damn, imprecate, anathematize, scourge : 저주하다, 괴롭히다
custody:imprisonment, confinement : 감금
customary*:habitual, accustomed, conventional : 관례적인
cut:divide, sever, chop : 자르다
cynical:sarcastic, satirical, sneering : 냉소적인, 비꼬는
D
damage:injury, harm, hurt, impairment : 손해, 피해
damp:moist, humid, wet : 축축한, 습기찬
danger:hazard, risk, peril, jeopardy : 위험
dare:venture, risk, challenge, defy : 감히 ~하다
daring:courageous, bold, brave, audacious, dauntless, valiant, gallant : 대담한, 용감한
dash:rush, dart, bolt : 내던지다, 돌진하다
dawn:daybreak : 새벽
dead:deceased, extinct, inanimate : 죽은
deadly:fatal, lethal, mortal : 치명적인
debate:discussion, argument, controversy, dispute : 논쟁하다, 토론하다
decadence:deterioration, decline : 타락
decay:deteriorate, decline : 부식하다, 쇄하다
deceit:fraud, deception, cheating : 사기, 책략
deceive:delude, cheat : 속이다, 기만하다
decent:right, proper, nice, pure, modest : 예절바른
decided:resolute, determined, final : 결정적인, 단호한
declare:announce, proclaim : 선언하다
decline:1. refuse, reject : 거절하다
2. weaken, deteriorate, degenerate, decay : 쇠퇴하다
decrease:diminish, lessen, dwindle, abate : 줄다, 감소하다
defeat:conquer, overwhelm, subdue : 쳐부수다
defect:blemish, flaw, fault, shortcoming, weakness : 결점, 단점
defend:guard, shield, shelter, protect : 방어하다
definite:fixed, clear, express : 한정된, 명확한
defy:challenge : 도전하다
dejected:depressed, discouraged : 낙심한
deliberate:careful, thoughtful, cautious : 신중한
delicate:dainty, graceful, elegant : 섬세한, 가냘픈
delicacy:dainty, savory : 고움, 섬세, 민감
deliver:rescue, save : 해방시키다
deny:gainsay, contradict : 부인하다, 거절하다
depart:start, leave, quit : 출발하다
depict:represent, portray : 묘사하다, 서술하다
deplore:grieve, regret, lament, mourn : 비탄하다
deposit:save, store, entrust : 두다, 맡기다
depressed*:downcast, melancholy, gloomy : 우울한, 억압된
deprive:bereave, strip : 박탈하다, 거절하다
descent:falling, descending ; (Ant) ascent : 하강, 내리기
desert:abandon, forsake : 버리다
design:plan, devise, project, contrive : 계획
desolate:barren, ravaged : 황량한, 황폐한
despair:discouragement, disheartenment : 절망, 자포자기
desperate:hopeless, desolate, extreme, excessive : 절망적인 / 지독한
destiny:fate, doom : 운명
destitute:poor, devoid : 빈곤한
destroy:smash, demolish : 파괴하다
detain:confine, arrest, keep : 억류하다, 보류하다
detect*:spot, discern, discover : 발견하다
deviate:diverge, wander, stray : 빗나가다
device:plan, scheme, project, design : 고안, 계획
devise:contrive, invent, design : 고안하다, 발명하다
devout:pious, devoted, saintly : 헌신
dictate*:fix, impose, prescribe, ordain, decree : 명령하다, 지시하다
die:decease, perish, vanish : 없어지다, 희미해지다
diffuse*:spread, distribute, scatter, disperse : 발산하다, 퍼뜨리다
digest:absorb, imbibe, assimilate : 흡수하다, 섭취하다
dilemma:predicament, strait : 진퇴양란, 곤경
dim:obscure, faint : 모호한
diminish:lessen, reduce, decrease, shrink, abate : 감소시키다
dirty:foul, unclean, filthy : 더러운, 불결한
disadvantage:harm, damage, injury : 불리한, 손해되는
disappear:vanish, fade : 사라지다
disappoint:frustrate, baffle : 실망하다
disaster:calamity, mishap, catastrophe, adversity : 재난, 불운
discern:perceive, notice, discriminate, distinguish : 식별하다, 구별하다
discernible*:noticeable, detectable, observable, perceptible, perceivable : 식별력이 있는
disciple:pupil, student, scholar : 제자, 문하생
discipline:training, drill, exercise, practice : 훈련, 규율
disclose:reveal, divulge, unveil : 폭로하다, 드러내다
disconcert:disturb, bewilder, perplex, embarrass : 당황케 하다
discourage:dishearten, dispirit, depress : 용기를 잃게 하다, 낙담시키다
discreet:judicious, prudent, cautious, heedful, considerate : 분별있는
disdain:condemn, despise, scorn : 경멸, 모멸
disgrace:shame, dishonor : 수치스러운, 불명예스러운
disgust:sicken, nauseate : 혐오, 싫증
disgusting:offensive, sickening, nauseous, nauseating : 메스꺼운, 넌더리나는
dishonorable:disgraceful, shameful : 망신스러운
disinterested:unbiased, impartial, fair : 사심없는, 공정한
disloyal:unfaithful : 불성실한, 불충한
dismiss:discharge, fire, refuse, reject, decline : 해고하다, 내쫓다
disorder:mess, confusion, chaos : 무질서, 혼란, 난잡
disperse:scatter, dissipate, diffuse : 흩어지게 하다
displace:replace, remove : 바꾸어놓다, 옮겨놓다
dispute:argue, debate : 논쟁하다, 토의하다
disregard:ignore, neglect, overlook : 무시하다, 경시하다
dissent:differ, disagree : 의견을 달리하다
dissolve:melt : 용해하다
distinct:definite, clear, plain : 뚜렷한, 별개의
distinction:difference : 구별, 차이
distinguish:discriminate, differentiate : 구별하다
distinguished:marked, noted, eminent, famous, celebrated, renowned : 두드러진, 뛰어난
distress:pain, anxiety, agony, anguish : 괴롭히다, 고뇌
distribute:deal, allot, apportion, assign, dispense : 분배하다
disturbance:agitation, disorder, confusion, uproar : 소란, 소동, 방해
diverse:various, manifold : 다양한
doctrine:tenet, dogma, theory, principle : 교의, 교리, 주의
domain:area, field, territory, province, realm, arena : 영토
dominant:ruling, prevailing, prevalent : 지배적인, 우세한
donation:gift, contribution, offering : 기부, 기증
doom:fate, destiny, lot, ruin, death : 운명, 파멸
draw:drag, pull, tug, attract : 당기다, 끌다
dread:fear, awe : 무서워하다, 공포
dreary:gloomy, disma : 음울한, 황량한
drive:impel, compel, force : 억지로 ~하게 하다
dubious:doubtful : 수상쩍은, 모호한
dull:boring, tedious, uninteresting, blunt : 무딘, 둔한, 단조로운
dumb:mute, speechless : 벙어리의
durable*:lasting, enduring, constant, permanent : 오래 견디는, 튼튼한
dusky:dim, shadowy, cloudy, obscure : 어스레한, 어둑어둑한
duty:obligation : 의무, 임무
dwarf:pygmy ; (Ant) giant : 난쟁이
dwell:abide, reside, live, inhabit : 살다, 거주하다
E
earn:gain, acquire, win, obtain, secure, procure : 얻다, 일을 해서 벌다
earnest:sincere, ardent, eager : 성실한, 열심인
easy:facile, light : 쉬운, 수월한
ebb:subside, abate, recede, retire : 썰물, 쇠퇴, 쇠퇴기
economical:saving, thrifty, frugal : 경제적인, 이익이 남는
edge:border, margin, boundary, verge, brink : 가장자리, 변두리
effect:result, consequence, outcome, accomplish, achieve : 결과, 효과
effective:efficacious, efficient, effectual : 효과적인, 유효한
effort:endeavor, exertion, struggle, striving : 노력, 수고
egoism:selfishness : 이기주의, 자만심
elaborate*:detailed, intricate, complicated ; develop, expand, enlarge : 정교한 / 정성들여 만들다
elegant:tasteful, refined, polished, graceful : 우아한, 세련된
element:component, constituent, ingredient : 성분, 구성요소
elementary:primary, rudimentary, basic, fundamental : 기본의, 초보의
elevate:raise, lift, exalt, heighten, increase, enhance : 높이다, 향상시키다
eliminate:remove : 제거하다
elude:avoid, escape, evade, shun, dodge : 회피하다, 벗어나다
embarrass:confuse, perplex : 당황하게 하다
embed*:fix, fasten, root : 끼워넣다, 묻다
emerge:emanate, appear : 나타나다, 나오다
emergency:crisis : 비상사태
eminent:distinguished, prominent, renowned, outstanding : 탁월한, 뛰어난, 현저한
emit:discharge, shed, radiate : 내뿜다, 방사하다
emphatic:forcible, strong : 어조가 강한, 단호한
employ**:use, engage, hire : 쓰다, 고용하다
empower:authorize, warrant, enable, permit : ~에게 권한을 부여하다, 자격을 주다
empty:void, vacant, blank, unoccupied : 빈, 공허한
enchant:fascinate, captivate, charm : 요술을 걸다, 매혹하다
encircle:surround, encompass, enclose : 에워싸다, 둘러싸다
enclose*:surround, circle, beset, encompass, besiege, encircle, envelop, compass : 에워싸다
encounter:meet face : 만나다, 마주치다
encourage:hearten, stimulate : 용기를 붇돋우다
endeavor:effort, struggle, labor, exertion, essay : 노력, 노력하다, 시도하다
endow:confer, bestow, give : 재산을 기증하다
endowment:gift, capacity, talent : 기증, 기부
endure:sustain, bear, stand, tolerate : 견디다, 참다
enemy:foe, adversary, opponent, antagonist : 적, 원수
enlarge:extend, augment, amplify, magnify, expand : 크게하다
enlighten:illumine : 계몽하다, 가르치다
enliven:invigorate, animate : 생기를 주다
enormous:huge, immense, vast, mammoth, gigantic : 거대한, 막대한
enrage:anger, aggravate : 성나게 하다
ensue:follow, succeed : 뒤이어 일어나다 (~의 결과로)
entangle:complicate, involve : 뒤얽히게 하다
enterprising:ambitious, adventurous, energetic : 진취적인, 기상이 강한
entertain:divert, amuse, please : 대접하다, 위로하다
enthusiasm:eagerness, zeal, passion : 열광, 열중
enthusiastic:ardent, zealous, eager, passionate : 열심인, 열성적인
entitle:empower, qualify : ~에 제목을 붙이다, 자격을 주다
entity*:thing, individual, object : 실재, 존재물, 실체
envelop:surround, enclose : 싸다, 포위하다
envy:jealousy : 시기, 질투
equal:equivalent, alike : 같은, 동일한
equip:furnish, provide : ~에게 가르쳐주다
era*:time, period, age, epoch : 기원, 연대
erect:upright standing, vertical : 직립한, 수직의
erroneous:mistaken, incorrect, false : 잘못된, 틀린
error:mistake, blunder, slip : 실수, 오류
escape:flee, evade, avoid : 달아나다, 피하다
escort:convoy, guard, guide : 호위하다, 바래다주다
essential*:indispensable, vital, fundamental : 근본적인
establish:found, institute : 설립하다, 수립하다
esteem:prize, value, respect : 존경하다, 중히 여기다
estimate:judge, assess, value, evaluate, appraise : 평가하다, 판단하다
eternal:endless, everlasting, infinite, perpetual, ceaseless, permanent : 영원한, 불멸의
evade:escape, elude, shun : 교묘히 벗어나다, 모면하다
evaporate:vaporize : 증발, 탈수
even:level, flat, plane : 평평한, 같은 높이의
event:occurrence, happening, incident : 사건, 행사
eventually*:ultimately, finally, in time, in the long run : 드디어, 결국, 마침내
evident:plain, clear, obvious, manifest, apparent : 분명한, 명백한
evil:immoral, malicious : 나쁜, 사악한
examine:inspect, probe, investigate : 검사하다, 심문하다, 진찰하다
exceed:surpass, excel, outstrip : 넘다, ~보다 뛰어나다
excel:surpass, outdo, exceed : 우수, 탁월
excellent:fine, eminent : 우수한, 뛰어난
exceptional:unusual, extraordinary, abnormal : 예외적으로, 특별히
excessive:extreme : 과도한, 지나친
exchange:barter, interchange, swap : 교환하다, 바꾸다
excite:stir, arouse, stimulate, incite : 흥분시키다, 흥미를 돋우다
exclamation:outcry : 외침, 절규
exclude:expel : 배재하다, 몰아내다
exclusive:excluding : 배타적인, 독점적인
execute:perform, achieve : 실행, 수행
exert*:exercise, wield : 발휘하다, 힘을 쓰다
exhaust:expend, consume : 다 써버리다, 소모하다
exhibit:present, display, show, demonstrate : 진열하다, 내보이다
exorbitant*:extreme, excessive, undue, extravagant, immoderate, inordinate, expensive :과대한, 부당한
expand:extend, swell, enlarge : 넓히다, 확장하다
expect:anticipate, await : 기대하다, 예기하다
expel:oust, banish, exile : 추방하다, 쫓아버리다
expend:use, consume, spend, exhaust : 소비하다, 지출하다
expense:cost, charge, price, expenditure : 지출, 소비
expensive:costly, dear : 값비싼, 사치스러운
experiment:test, trial : 실험, 시도
expert:specialist, authority, master : 전문가, 숙련가
explain:elucidate, explicate, clarify : 설명하다, 해석하다
explicit:clear, unambiguous, definite ; (Ant) ambiguous : 명백한, 뚜렷한
exploit:feat, accomplishment : 위업, 업적
expose**:display, betray, reveal, uncover : 드러내다, 폭로하다
express:utter, state, manifest, reveal, represent : 말하다, 표시하다
extend*:1. go, run, range : 움직이다
2. increase, grow, expand, enlarge, augment : 확대하다
3. stretch, lengthen, elongate, protract : 뻗다, 늘리다
extensive:wide, broad, spacious, vast : 폭넓은, 광대한
extent:space, scope, range, stretch : 범위, 넓이, 크기
exterior:outer, outside, external : 외부의, 표면의
exterminate:annihilate, destroy, eradicate, eliminate :근절시키다, 몰살하다
extinct:quenched, vanished : 멸종된, 단절된
extract:extort, derive : 추출하다, 짜내다
extraordinary:exceptional, inordinate, remarkable, unusual : 비상한, 비범한
extravagant:wasteful, prodigal ; (Ant) thrifty : 무절제, 낭비
extreme:ultimate, excessive, unreasonable : 극도의, 지나친
F
fable:legend : 우화, 신화, 전설
fabricate:make, build, produce, construct, assemble, manufacture : 제조하다
face:countenance, features : 얼굴, 외관
faculty:ability, capacity, aptitude : 능력, 재능
fade:wither, decline, decay : 사라지다, 쇠약해지다
failing:shortcoming, defect, flaw : 실패, 결점, 약점
faint:indistinct, dim, feeble : 희미한, 어렴풋한, 나약한
fair:unbiased, just, impartial, disinterested : 공평한, 공정한
faith:confidence, trust, credit : 신앙, 믿음
faithful:true, reliable, trustworthy : 충실한, 성실한
false*:erroneous, wrong : 잘못된, 그릇된
fame:reputation, renown, eminence, celebrity : 명성, 평판
familiar:intimate, close, friendly, amicable : 친한, 허물없는 익숙한
famous:celebrated, well-known, eminent, distinguished, illustrious : 유명한, 고급의
fancy:imagination, fantasy : 공상, 망상, 꿈
fascinate:charm, enchant, captivate, allure : 황홀하게 하다, 매혹시키다
fashion*:style, vogue, mode : 유행, 양식
1. make, produce, shape, frame, mold, create, fabricate : 모양짓다, 맞추다
2. fit, adjust, suit, adapt, accommodate, conform : 적응시키다
fast:quick, swift, rapid, fleet : 빠른, 신속한
fasten:fix, attach : 묶다, 고정하다
fat:plump, stout, obese : 살 찐, 지방의
fatal:deadly, mortal, lethal : 치명적인
fate:doom, lot, destiny : 운명, 죽음
fault:blemish, flaw, shortcoming : 잘못, 과실, 흠
favor:kindness, good-will : 호의, 친절한 행위
fear:apprehension, dread, terror, fright, horror, panic : 두려움, 공포
feasible*:possible, workable, practicable, viable : 실행할수 있는, 그럴싸한
feast:celebration, anniversary, ceremony : 종교상의 축제, 축연
feat:achievement, accomplishment, exploit : 위업, 공훈
feeble:weak, delicate, fragile, frail, unsubstantial : 연약한, 박약한
feed:nourish, sustain : 먹을 것을 주다
fertile:productive, fecund, fruitful : 비옥한, 풍부한
fervent:ardent, earnest, heated, hot, burning, zealous, passionate : 열정적인, 뜨거운
feud:hostility : 불화, 싸움
fidelity:loyalty, faithfulness, devotion : 애태우다, 안절부절하다
fierce:ferocious, wild, savage, cruel, brutal : 사나운, 지독한
fiery:fervent, burning, afire : 불같은, 열띤
fight:conflict, battle, war, combat : 싸움, 결투, 논쟁
final:ultimate, conclusive : 최후의, 궁극적인
financial:monetary, pecuniary : 재정상의, 금융상의
fine*:1. delicate, elegant, exquisite : 세련된, 품위 있는
2. subtle, refined :
finish:end, terminate, conclude : 끝내다
firm:stable, steadfast, determined, reliable : 안정된, 고정된
fix:fasten, attach : 고정시키다, 정착시키다
flame:blaze, fire : 정열, 불길
flash:flame, flare, glare : 섬광, 현란한
flat:horizontal, level, even, plane : 평평한, 납작한
flexible*:plastic, adaptable, adjustable, pliable : 휘기쉬운, 나긋나긋한
flock:bevy, brood, school, swarm, herd, company : 무리, 떼, 군중
flood:deluge, overflow : 밀물
flourish*:thrive, prosper, succeed : 번영하다, 꽃피우다
flow:stream, run : 흐르다, 솟다
fluent:flowing : 유창한
foe:enemy, opponent, adversary, antagonist : 적, 경쟁자
fog:mist, haze : 안개, 흐림
follow:succeed, ensue : ~의 결과로 일어나다
food:provisions : 식량, 양식
foolish:silly, fatuous, stupid, dull : 바보같은, 미련한
forbid:inhibit, prohibit : 금하다, 불가능하게 하다
force:strength, power, might, energy : 힘, 세력
forecast:predict, foretell, foresee : 예보하다, 예상하다
foresight:forethought : 선견지명, 예지
formidable:dreadful, threatening, fearful, frightful : 무서운
foster:rear, breed, nourish, raise, promote : 기르다, 양육하다
foul:filthy, dirty, stained, polluted : 더러운, 지저분한
foundation:base, basis, ground : 기초, 토대
fragrant:perfumed : 향기로운, 냄새가 좋은
frame:make, produce, construct, assemble, shape, mold : 뼈대를 만들다, 짜맞추다
frank:candid, outspoken : 솔직한, 정직한
fraud:deceit, deception : 사기, 기만
free:liberate, release, emancipate : 자유
freight:cargo, shipment, load : 화물, 화물을 싣다
fright:dismay, terror, panic : 심한 공포, 경악
frighten:scare, terrify, alarm, dismay : 두렵게 하다
frightful:alarming, awful, horrible, gruesome : 무서운, 무시무시한
frugal:economical, thrifty : 검소한, 검약한
fruitless:futile, sterile, unproductive : 열매를 맺지않는, 무익한
frustrate:disappoint, thwart : 실망시키다
fume:smoke : 증기, 연기
fun:pleasure, amusement : 재미, 즐거움
fundamental*:basic, underlying, essential, primary : 기초적인, 근본적인
funny:amusing, diverting : 즐겁게하는, 재미있는
furnish:provide, supply : 공급하다, 마련해주다
fury:rage, anger, wrath : 격노, 격심
fuse:melt, dissolve : 녹이다, 융해시키다
futile:ineffective, useless, vain : 쓸데없는, 시시한
G
gaiety:mirth, glee, cheerfulness, joviality : 흥겨움, 유쾌, 화려
gain:obtain, secure, procure, acquire, attain, earn, win : 얻다, 획득하다
gallant:brave, valorous, valiant, intrepid, daring : 용감한
gang:band, clique : 한 떼, 패거리
gasp:pant : 헐떡거리다, 숨이 막히다
gather:collect, aggregate, assemble, muster : 모으다, 모이다
gathering:assembly, convocation, congregation : 모임, 집회
gay:joyous, gleeful, jovial, jolly, merry, cheerful : 명랑한, 쾌활한
gaze:stare : 뚫어지게 쳐다보다
generosity:charity, bountifulness : 관대, 관용
generous:bountiful, unselfish, charitable : 관대한, 아낌없이 주는
genial:sympathetic, cordial, friendly, kindly : 정다운, 온화한
gentle:clement, humane, lenient, merciful, meek, amiable : 온화한, 친절한
ghost:phantom, spirit : 유령, 원혼
gift:donation, present, contribution, offering, alms : 선물
gigantic:huge, enormous, tremendous, colossal, mammoth, monstrous, immense,
prodigious, titanic, vast : 거인같은, 거대한
give:deliver, bestow, impart, accord, furnish, provide, supply, confer, grant, assign : 주다
glad:delighted, pleased, elated : 기쁜, 즐거운
glance:glimpse : 흘긋보다, 일견
gleam:flash, beam, glimmer : 어스레한 빛, 미광
glee:exultation, merriment, hilarity : 기쁨, 환희
glide:slide, slip : 미끄러지다
gloomy:obscure, shadowy, dusky, dismal, depressed, dejected, dim, melancholy,
despondent, downcast : 어두운, 음울한
glory:praise, honor, distinction, renown, eminence, celebrity, fame : 영광, 영화
godly:pious, saintly, devout, holy : 믿음이 깊은, 경견한
good-will:benevolence, favor, kindness : 호의, 친선
govern:rule, reign : 다스리다, 통치하다
grace:gracefulness, elegance, refinement : 우아, 은총
gracious:benign, courteous, polite : 품위있는, 상냥한
grand:imposing, stately, august, majestic, dignified : 웅장한, 웅대한
grant:bestow, confer, award : 승인하다, 허가하다
grasp:seize, hold, clasp, grip, clutch, grab, catch : 붙잡다, 움켜잡다
grateful:appreciative, thankful, obliged : 고맙게 여기는, 사의를 표하는
gratify:satisfy : 만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다
grave:momentous, important, serious, consequential : 중대한, 근엄한
great:immense, enormous, huge, gigantic, vast, grand : 큰, 중대한
greed:avidity, avarice, covetousness : 탐욕, 큰 욕심
greedy:avaricious, desirous, covetous : 욕심많은, 대식하는
greet:accost, salute : 인사하다, 환영하다
grief:sorrow, woe, sadness : 큰 슬픔, 비탄
grieve:lament, mourn, sorrow, bewail : 몹시 슬퍼하다
grind:grate, rub : 갈아서 가루로 만들다
gross:bulky, massive, great : 거친, 커다란
grudge:malice, spite, malevolence : 원한, 인색하게 굴다
guarantee:insure, warrant : 보증, 담보
guard:protect, shield, defend, shelter : 지키다, 망보다
guess:conjecture, suppose, fancy : 추측하다
guide:lead, conduct, show, escort : 안내하다, 지도하다
guilty:criminal, culpable : 죄를 범한, 유죄의
guiltless:innocent, blameless, immaculate : 정직한, 솔직한
gush:spurt, spout : 분출, 세차게 흘러나오다
H
habitual*:usual, regular, customary, accustomed : 습관적인, 평소의
habituate:accustom, familiarize : 길들이다, 익숙하다
halt:stop, cease : 멈추다, 서다
hamper:impede, hinder, prevent, obstruct, restrain : 방해하다
hang:suspend, dangle : 걸다, 달아매다
happen:occur, befall : 일어나다, 생기다
harbor:accommodate, board, room, shelter, protection, cover, haven, sanctuary,
refuge, asylum : 항구
hard:solid, inflexible, unyielding : 굳은, 단단한
hardship:trial, oppression, suffering : 곤란, 결핍
hardy:vigorous, sturdy, robust, stout : 단련된, 튼튼한
harm:injury, damage, hurt, mischief, detriment : 손해, 해
harmony:agreement, concord, unity : 조화, 화음
harsh:rough, severe, austere : 거친, 가혹한
hasten:hurry, accelerate, urge, expedite, quicken : 서두르게 하다, 재촉하다
hate:detest, abhor, loathe : 미워하다, 싫어하다
hateful:detestable, abominable, loathsome, offensive : 미운, 지긋지긋한
hatred:aversion, hate, detestation : 증오, 미움
haughty:proud, arrogant : 오만한, 거만한
hazard:danger, peril, jeopardy : 위험
heal:cure, remedy, amend : 고치다, 낫게 하다
heap:mass, stack, pile, accumulation : 더미, 무더기, 많음
heavy:weighty, demanding, burdensome : 무거운, 대량의
helpful:useful, advantageous, profitable : 도움이 되는, 유익한
heritage:inheritance : 상속재산
heroic:brave, courageous, dauntless, gallant : 영웅의, 용맹스러운
hide:conceal, screen, veil, shroud, cover : 숨기다, 감추다
hinder:interrupt, check, impede, hamper, obstruct : 방해하다, 저지하다
hint:suggestion, implication, allusion : 힌트, 암시
hoarse:husky : 목쉰, 쉰 목소리의
hoist:raise, elevate, lift : (기 등을)올리다, 감아올리기
hole:opening, cavity, hollow, pit : 구멍
homely:plain, simple, unattractive, ugly : 못생긴
honesty:uprightness, justice : 정직, 성실
honor:fame, repute, reputation : 명예, 영예
hopeless:desperate, despairing, despondent : 희망없는, 절망적인
horrible:terrible, dreadful, hideous, grim, ghastly : 무서운, 끔찍한
hostile:antagonistic : 적대적인
horror:fear, dread, panic : 공포, 전율
hostility:enmity, antagonism : 적의, 적대행위
huge:mammoth, vast, gigantic, colossal, immense : 거대한, 막대한
humane:merciful, benevolent, compassionate, charitable : 자비로운
humble:unassuming, meek, modest, unpretending : 겸손한, 비천한
humid:damp, moist : 습기있는, 눅눅한
humiliate:degrade, disgrace, shame : 굴욕감을 느끼게 하다, 창피주다
humility:meekness, humbleness, modesty : 겸손, 비하
humorous:funny, comical : 익살스러운
hunt:seek, scour : 사냥하다, 추적하다
hurt:injure, damage, mar, impair : 다치게 하다
hypocrite:pretender : 위선자
I
ideal*:1. perfect, model, exemplary :
2. abstract, theoretical, hypothetical :
idiotic:foolish, stupid, fatuous : 바보의, 백치의
idle:indolent, lazy, slothful : 한가한, 게으른
ignoble:mean, base, degraded : 출신이 비천한
ignorant:illiterate, uneducated : 무식한, 무지한
ignore:overlook, disregard, neglect : 무시하다, 모르는 체하다
illegal:unlawful, illegitimate, illicit : 불법의, 비합리적인
illustration:explanation : 실례, 예증
imaginary:fanciful, visionary : 상상의, 가상의
imitate:mimic, mock, reproduce, copy, duplicate, replicate : 흉내내다, 모방하다, 닮다
immerse:submerge, dip, submerse : 담그다, 빠뜨리다
imminent:impending : 절박한, 촉박한
immoderate:excessive, extreme, exorbitant : 무절제한, 지나친
immoral:vicious, corrupt, amoral : 부도덕한, 음란한
impair:injure, deteriorate : 해치다, 손상시키다
impart:give, bestow, grant, confer : 나누어주다, 주다
impartial:unbiased, just, fair, disinterested : 편견없는, 공평한
impel:compel, drive, urge : 추진하다, 재촉하다
implore:supplicate, beseech, entreat, crave, beg, solicit : 간청하다, 애원하다
impolite:uncivil, rude, discourteous : 버릇없는, 무례한
importance:consequence, moment, significance : 중요, 중대
impregnable:unassailable, invincible : 끄떡않는, 견고한
improper:unfit, inappropriate : 부적당한, 어울리지 않는
improve:ameliorate, better : 개선하다, 진보하다
improvident:unwary, thoughtless, careless, imprudent : 선견지명 없는, 앞일을 생각하지 않는
improvised:impromptu : 즉석에서 짓다, 즉흥 연주하다
impudent:brazen, insolent, rude : 뻔뻔스러운, 염치없는
impulsive:emotional : 충동적인, 감정에 끌린
impunity:exemption : 형(벌)을 받지 않은
impute:attribute, ascribe, refer : ~에게 돌리다, 씌우다
inaccurate:incorrect, erroneous : 부정확한, 틀린
inactive:inert, lazy, passive, inanimate : 활동하지 않는, 게으른
inadvertent:heedless, careless, negligent : 부주의한, 소홀한
inanimate:lifeless : 생명이 없는
inapt:unsuited, unsuitable, inappropriate, unfit : 서투른, 부적당한
inborn:innate, native, natural, : 타고난, 선천적인
inborn:innate, native, natural, congenital :
incarcerate:imprison, confine : 감금하다, 투옥하다
incense:scent, fragrance : 향, 향내
incentive:motive, stimulus, spur, impulse, goad, prod : 자극적인, 고무하는
incessant:uninterrupted, unceasing, ceaseless, constant, continuous : 끊임없는, 쉴새없는
incidental:accidental, casual, contingent : 우연히 일어나는
incisive:penetrating, biting, acute, acid : 예리한, 예민한
incite:stimulate, spur, instigate, provoke : 자극하다, 격려하다
inclination:tendency, trend : 경향, 성향
include:contain, comprise : 포함하다, 함유하다
income:returns, revenue, gain, earnings : 수입, 소득
incommode:impede, hinder : 폐를 끼치다, 괴롭히다
incompatible:1. inconsistent, contradictory, inharmonious : 어울리지 않는
2. unable, incapable, incompetent : 무능한, 쓸모없는
inconsistent:incompatible, inharmonious, incongruous, incoherent : 일치하지 않는, 모순된
inconstant:fickle, variable, volatile, unstable : 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운
incontrovertible:indisputable : 논쟁의 여지가 없는, 명백한
incorporate*:combine, integrate, include : 통합하다, 합병하다
increase:augment, enlarge : 늘리다, 불리다
incredulous:skeptical, doubtful, dubious : 의심많은
indecent:vulgar, coarse, rude, immodest : 버릇없는, 추잡한
indefinite:vague, obscure, confusing, uncertain : 명확하지 않은, 애매한
indifference:unconcern, apathy, inattention : 무관심, 냉담
indignation:resentment, wrath, anger : 분개한, 성난
indignity:humiliation, insult, scorn : 경멸, 모욕
indispensable:necessary, requisite, essential : 없어서는 안되는, 꼭 필요한
induce*:persuade, instigate, urge : 권유하다, 설득하다
industrious:diligent, assiduous : 근면한, 부지런한
inept:inapt, unsuitable, inappropriate : 부적당한, 서투른
infamous:notorious, disgraceful : 수치스러운, 악명높은
infectious:contagious, communicable : 전염성의, 전염병의
inflate:swell, expand : 부풀게하다
inflexible:rigid, unbending, stern, resolute, steadfast : 확고한, 강직한
inform:notify, acquaint : 알리다, 알려주다
information:intelligence : 지식
ingenious:skillful, adroit, resourceful, inventive : 재치있는, 영리한
ingenuous:frank, candid, open, naive : 순진한, 소박한
inherent*:natural, intrinsic, built-in, innate, congenital, inborn : 타고난, 고유의
inhibit:restrain, prohibit, forbid : 금하다, 억제하다
initial*:first, introductory, beginning, inceptive : 처음의, 최초의
initiate:begin, originate, commence, inaugurate : 시작하다, 가입시키다
injury:harm, damage, detriment, impairment : 상해, 손해
innocent:pure, blameless, faultless, impeccable, immaculate : 결백한, 순진한
innumerable:countless, numberless, numerous : 셀 수 없는, 무수한
inquire:ask, query : 묻다, 질문하다
inquiry:investigation, scrutiny, research : 질문, 조사, 연구
inquisitive:inquiring, curious : 호기심이 강한
insane:lunatic, crazy : 제정신이 아닌, 미친
insecure:unsafe, uncertain : 불안한, 걱정스러운
insolent:rude, overbearing, contemptuous, arrogant : 건방진, 무례한
instantly:immediately, instantaneously : 즉시의, 즉석에서
instrument:tool, implement : 기계, 기구, 도구
insult:scorn, slander, abuse : 모욕하다, 욕보이다
intact:uninjured, sound, unimpaired : 손상되지 않은, 그대로인
integrity:uprightness, honesty, righteousness : 고결, 성실, 흠없음
intensify:deepen, strengthen : 세게하다, 강렬하게 만들다
intent:intention, design : 의지, 의향
intentional:deliberate, purposeful, designed, planned : 계획된, 고의의
interfere*:intervene, intrude : 방해하다, 훼방하다
interpret:explain, explicate, elucidate : 해석하다, 설명하다
interrupt:suspend, intermit, stop, hinder : 가로막다, 저지하다
intimate:close, familiar : 친밀한, 친숙한
intolerable:unbearable : 참을수 없는
intolerant:bigoted, narrow, prejudiced, biased : 옹졸한, 편협한
intricate*:complex, elaborate, complicated : 얽힌, 복잡한
intrude:trespass, encroach, violate : 억지로 밀어넣다
intuition:insight : 직관, 직감
invaluable:priceless, precious : 매우 귀중한
invariable:constant, uniform, unchangeable : 불변의, 일정한
involve:include, embrace, contain, comprise, entail : 포함하다, 수반하다
irritate:vex, fret, anger, enrage, infuriate : 짜증나게 하다, 화나게 하다
isolation:separation, segregation : 고립, 분리
issue:point, problem, question : 발행, 논점
J & K
jam:pack, force, squeeze : 쑤셔넣다, 채워넣다
jealous:envious : 질투가 많은, 시샘하는
jeer:scoff, mock, ridicule : 조롱하다, 야유하다
jeopardy:risk, danger, peril : 위험
jest:joke : 농담, 익살
join:link, fasten, attach, combine, connect, unite : 결합하다, 맞붙이다
jolt*:shock, startle : 갑자기 세게 흔들다
joyful:glad, delighted, buoyant, elated, jubilant, jocund : 기쁜, 즐거운
joyless:cheerless, gloomy, dismal : 기쁨이 없는, 쓸쓸한
judicial:judicious, juridical : 사법의, 재판의
judicious:wise, sensible, reasonable : 현명한, 사리분별이 있는
jump:spring, bound, hop, leap : 뛰다, 뛰어오름
junction:combination, union, joining, juncture : 접합
justify:back, confirm, testify, bear out, warrant, verify, attest : 옳다고 하다, 정당화하다
keen:sharp, acute, poignant : 날카로운, 예리한
kill:slaughter, slay, assassinate, massacre : 죽이다
kind:benign, humane, compassionate : 친절한, 동정심있는
kindle:ignite, inflame, fire : 불붙다
kinship:relationship : 친척, 혈족관계
knack:skill : 솜씨, 요령
L
labor:toil, work, exertion : 노동, 근로, 수고
laborious:1. toilsome, arduous, burdensome, difficult : 힘드는, 어려운
2. diligent, industrious : 열심히 일하는
lack:deficiency, need, want, scarcity : 부족, 결핍
lag:linger : 꾸물거리다
lament:bemoan, deplore, grieve, mourn : 슬퍼하다, 비탄하다
lane:path, way, passage, alley : 좁은길, 골목길
languid:faint, weak, feeble, exhausted : 노곤한, 나른한
large:1. huge, enormous, immense, gigantic, colossal, massive : 큰, 광대한, 거대한
2. vast, pompous :
last:final, ultimate, conclusive, terminal : 마지막의
latent:hidden, concealed, potential : 숨어있는, 보이지 않는 (잠복기의)
laud:praise, exalt, applaud : 칭송하다, 찬양하다
laugh:giggle, chuckled, grin, smile : 웃다
lavish:expend, waste, squander : 아끼지 않는, 후한
lawful:legal, legitimate, valid : 합법의, 준법의
lazy:idle, indolent, slothful, sluggish : 게으른, 나태한
league:alliance, confederation, union : 연맹, 동맹
lean:incline, bend : 기대다, 의지하다, 비스듬히 기대어 놓다
leap:jump, bound, spring, vault, hop : 껑충 뛰다, 뛰어넘다
leave:quit, depart : 떠나다, 두고가다
legacy* :tradition, culture, heritage, inheritance : 유산, 물려받은 것
legend:fable, myth : 전설
legitimate:licit, legal, lawful : 합법적인, 정당한
lengthen:extend, stretch, prolong, protract : 길게 하다, 늘이다, 연장하다
lenient:mild, clement, merciful : 너그러운, 인자한
lessen:diminish, decrease, abate, dwindle : 적게하다, 줄이다
level:even, flat, plain, horizontal : 평평하게 하다, 고르다
liable:responsible, answerable, accountable : 책임져야 할
liberal:tolerant, broad-minded, magnanimous, generous : 후한, 너그러운, 풍부한
liberate:release, free, disengage, deliver : 자유롭게 만들다, 해방하다
lift:raise, elevate, exalt, uplift : 올리다, 들어올리다
light:illumination, radiance : 일광, 조명, 광채
lighten:illuminate, brighten, shine : 밝게 하다, 비추다
light-hearted:carefree, gay, joyful, merry : 마음편한, 근심걱정 없는
likely:probable, possible : 있음직한, ~함직한
limber:flexible : 유연한
limit:bound, boundary : 한계, 경계
link:bond, tie, connection : 잇다, 연결하다
liquid:fluid : 액체의
livelihood:living : 생계, 살림
lively:energetic, active, vigorous, brisk : 생기 넘치는, 명랑한
load:burden : 적재하물, 짐
loathe:abominate, detest, hate, abhor : 지긋지긋하도록 싫다, 질색하다
lodge:shelter, harbor, house, quarter : 숙박하다, 묵다
lofty:high, elevated, tall, sublime : 매우 높은
loiter:linger, loaf : 빈둥거리다, 어슬렁거리다
lone:solitary, lonely, secluded, separate : 고독한, 고립된
longing:desire, yearning, aspiration : 갈망, 동경
loose:lax, slack : 헐거운, 풀린
lordly:grand, magnificent, majestic, lofty : 귀족다운, 당당한
loud:noisy, clamorous, resounding, deafening : 시끄러운, 큰소리를 내는
lower:reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen : 낮추다, 떨어뜨리다
loyal:faithful, devoted : 충성스러운
lubricious:slippery, smooth : 미끄러운
lucid:clear, transparent, limpid, intelligible, plain, obvious, distinct, evident : 맑은, 투명한
ludicrous:ridiculous, comical, funny : 어이없는, 우스꽝스러운
luminous:bright, shining, lucid, radiant, brilliant : 빛을 내는, 총명한
lure:allure, decoy, attract, tempt, seduce : 유혹하다, 미끼
luster:brilliance, brightness, radiance : 광택, 영광
lusty:hearty, vigorous, robust, stout : 건장한, 튼튼한
luxurious:sumptuous, ornate : 사치스러운, 호화로운
M
mad:insane, lunatic, crazy : 미친, 열광적인
madden:infuriate, irritate, provoke, annoy, enrage, anger : 성나게 하다, 미치게 하다
magnificent:splendid, august, stately, majestic, imposing, grand : 장엄한, 웅장한
magnify:enlarge, augment, amplify, exaggerate : 확대하다, 과장하다
magnitude*:1. degree, extent, measure, proportion :
2. volume, size, mass, bulk, amplitude : 크기, 광도, 중요함
maid:girl, maiden, lass : 소녀, 하녀, 미혼여성
main:chief, cardinal, prime, principal, leading, capital : 주요한, 전력을 다한
maintain**:1. affirm, assert, hold, allege, contend, claim :
2. keep, retain : 지속할수 있는
maintenance:subsistence, livelihood, living : 작은집
majestic:stately, grand, august, imposing, splendid, magnificent : 장엄한, 웅장한
make:manufacture, mold, shape : 만들다, 구성하다
maladroit:unskillful, awkward, clumsy, inept : 솜씨없는, 서투른
malady:disease, illness, ailment : 병, 병폐
malcontent:dissatisfied, discontented : 불평을 품은, 불만의
male:masculine, manly : 남성의
malice:ill will, spite, enmity, malevolence : 악의
malicious:malevolent, evil-minded : 악의있는, 심술궂은
maltreat:mistreat, abuse : 학대하다, 혹사하다
mammoth:huge, gigantic, immense, colossal : 거대한
manage:conduct, control, direct, administer : 다루다, 처리하다
manager:administrator, executive, director : 경영인, 지배인
maneuver:scheme, plot, design : 연습하다, 기동하다
manful:manly : 남자다운, 씩씩한
mangle:maim, ruin, spoil, mar : 엉망진창으로 만들다
mania:excitement, enthusiasm : 열광
manifest:evident, obvious, apparent, plain, clear, distinct : 명백한, 분명한
manifold:various, numerous : 다양한, 다수의
manly:manful, brave, bold, valiant : 남자다운, 용맹한
manner:mode, fashion, way, method, demeanor, air, bearing, behavior : 방식, 방법
many:numerous, abundant, myriad, innumerable : 많은, 다수의
margin:border, edge, rim : 가장자리, 물가
mariner:sailor, seaman : 선원
mark:note, importance, distinction, eminence : ~에 표시하다, 주목하다
marriage:wedding, matrimony : 결혼
marvelous:wonderful, extraordinary, amazing, astonishing, astounding, miraculous,
surprising : 놀라운, 신기한
mask:veil, disguise : 가장하다, 가면을 씌우다
mass:aggregation, collection, accumulation, pile : 모임
massacre:slaughter, annihilation, murder : 대량학살
massive*:bulky, immense, huge, tremendous : 크고 무거운, 육중한
master:commander, chief, head : 주인, 지배자
matchless:unrivaled, unequaled, unparalleled : 무적의, 비길데 없는
matter:substance, material, stuff : 물질, 물체
mature:ripe, complete, grown, fully-developed : 성숙한
maxim:proverb, saying : 격언, 금언
meager:scanty, deficient, insignificant, thin : 메마른, 빈약한
mean:signify, imply, express, humble, ignoble, vulgar : 의미하다, 의도하다, ~할작정이다
measureless:limitless, boundless, immense, infinite : 무한한, 엄청난
meddlesome:interfering : 지겹게 참견하는
medicine:drug : 약
meditate:contemplate, reflect, ponder : 명상하다, 숙고하다
medium:means : 수단, 매개물
meet:encounter, confront, face : 만나다, 직면하다
melancholy:depressed, gloomy, despondent, dismal : 우울한, 침울한
melt:fuse, dissolve, thaw : 녹다, 용해하다
menace:threaten, intimidate : 협박, 위협
mend:repair, fix : 수선하다, 고치다
merciful:compassionate, clement, humane, sympathetic : 자비로운, 인정많은
merciless:pitiless, relentless, inexorable : 무자비한, 무정한
mercy:compassion, benevolence : 자비
merit:worth, excellence, value : 가치, 장점, 공적
merry:jolly, gay, mirthful, hilarious : 명랑한, 웃고 즐기는
mess:confusion, muddle : 혼란, 뒤죽박죽한
mighty:powerful, potent : 강력한, 힘센
migrate:immigrate, emigrate, move : 이주하다
mild:amiable, gentle, temperate, clement : 온화한, 관대한
milestone*:important event : 이정표,. 획기적인 사건
mingle:mix, blend : 섞다, 혼합하다
minor:secondary, subordinate : 중요치 않은, 둘째 가는
minute:detailed, precise : 미세한, 상세한
miraculous:marvelous, wonderful, incredible : 기적적인, 놀랄만한
mirth:gaiety, glee, merriment : 환희, 명랑
mischief:harm, injury, damage, hurt : 해악, 해독
miser:niggard : 구두쇠, 수전노
miserable:wretched, unhappy : 불쌍한, 비참한
miserly:stingy, mean : 인색한
misery:wretchedness, distress, suffering, torture : 고통, 비참
misgiving:apprehension, doubt, distrust, suspicion : 의심, 걱정, 불만
mislead:misguide, misdirect : 잘못 인도하다, 오도하다
mistake:error, blunder, slip : 잘못, 틀림, 오해
mix:blend : 섞다, 혼합하다
moan:groan, mourn : 신음하다, 불평을 하다
mock:ridicule, sneer : 조롱하다, 흉내내며 놀리다
moderate:reasonable, temperate, mild, average, usual : 절제있는, 온건한
modest:humble, decent : 겸손한, 신중한
modify:change, alter, vary : 변경하다, 수정하다
moist:damp, humid, wet : 축축한, 습기있는
momentous:important, consequent, serious : 중대한, 중요한
monetary:pecuniary : 화폐의, 금전상의
monotonous:tedious, dull, unvaried : 단조로운, 지루한
monster:demon, devil : 괴물, 도깨비
monstrous:tremendous, gigantic, prodigious, enormous, immense, colossal : 기괴한, 거대한
mood:disposition, temper : 기분, 감정
moody:gloomy, sullen : 변덕스러운, 침울한
moral:ethical, righteous, virtuous : 도덕상의, 윤리의
moreover:besides, further, furthermore : 게다가, 더욱이
mortal:fatal, lethal, deadly : 치명적인
mostly:generally, chiefly : 대개, 대부분
motif*:figure, pattern, design, device : 주제, 테마
motion:gesture, movement, move : 운동, 동작
motionless:fixed, still, stationary : 움직이지 않는, 정지한
motive:motivation, inducement, incentive, stimulus, spur : 동기, 목적
mount:ascend, climb, scale : 오르다, 타다
mourn:grieve, lament, bewail, deplore : 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다
movement:drive, crusade : 운동, 활동
multitude:host, crowd, throng, mass, swarm : 다수, 군중
murder:assassination : 살해하다, 암살하다
murmur:grumble, mumble, mutter : (시냇물의)졸졸소리, 낮은 목소리, 속사임
muse:meditate, ponder, contemplate, deliberate, brood : 명상하다, 숙고하다
mute:silent, dumb, still : 벙어리의, 무언의
mutiny:revolt, rebellion, uprising, rebel : 폭동, 반란
mutual:reciprocal : 서로의 공동의
N
naive:ingenuous, candid, downright : 단순한, 순진한
naked:nude, bare, stripped : 벌거숭이의, 나체의
narrow-minded:intolerant, illiberal : 마음이 좁은, 편협한
nasty:filthy, dirty, foul, impure, polluted : 더러운, 불쾌한
native:inborn, inherent, natural, innate, congenital : 출생지의, 타고난
nearly:almost, approximately, well-nigh : 거의, 대략
neat:orderly, trim, tidy, smart : 깔끔한, 단정한
necessary:essential, indispensable, requisite, vital : 필요한, 필연의
neglect:disregard, ignore, overlook : 게을리하다, 무시하다
negligence*:carelessness : 태만, 단정치못함
negligible:trivial, unimportant : 대수롭지 않은, 하찮은
negotiate:treat, bargain : 협정하다, 협상하다
nervous:excitable, uneasy : 신경성의, 흥분하기 쉬운
noble:lofty, honorable, dignified, imposing, stately : 고상한, 기품있는
notable:noteworthy, noticeable, remarkable, extraordinary, conspicuous, eminent,
distinguished : 주목할만한, 뛰어난
note:eminence, distinction, repute, celebrity, reputation : 명성, 평판
notice:information, intelligence : 통지, 통보
notify:inform, acquaint : 통지하다, 알리다
notion:opinion, view : 관념, 개념
nourish:nurture, breed : 기르다
novel:1. new, fresh : 새로운
2. rare, unusual, strange : 잘 알려져 있지 않은, 신기한
numberless:innumerable, numerous, myriad, countless, untold, infinite : 셀수없이 많은, 무수한
nurse:tend, attend :
nurture:nurse : 기르다, 양육하다
nutrition:nourishment : 영양물, 영양을 섭취
O
obedient:submissive, docile : 순종하는, 유순한
object*:protest, remonstrate : 반대하다, 항의하다
objective:unprejudiced, unbiased, impartial, fair : 객관적인
obligation:requirement, duty, responsibility : 의무, 책무
oblige:require, compel, force, coerce : 어쩔수 없이 ~하게 하다
obscure:unclear, uncertain, ambiguous, indistinct, blurred : 분명치 않은, 불명료한
observance:fulfillment, performance :
observation:noticing, perceiving, watching : 관찰, 주목
observe:1. perceive, notice, watch : 관찰하다
2. comply, conform, follow, fulfill : 준수하다, 지키다
obstacle:obstruction, hindrance, impediment, interference, block : 장해물, 방해물
obstinate:unyielding, stubborn, inflexible, headstrong, dogged : 완고한, 고집센
obstruct:block, stop, bar, hinder, barricade, impede : 막다, 차단하다
obtain*:get, acquire, procure, secure, gain, achieve, attain, earn, win : 얻다, 손에 넣다
obvious:plain, manifest, evident, clear, apparent, distinct : 명백한, 분명한
occult:mysterious, secret, unknown, mystical : 숨은 신비스러운
occupation:calling, trade, business, profession, vocation, pursuit : 직업, 업무
occupy:capture, seize : 점령하다, 점거하다
occur:happen, befall : 일어나다, 생기다
occurrence:event, incident, affair : 발생, 사건
odd:unusual, strange, weird, queer, quaint, eccentric, bizarre : 이상한, 기묘한
odor:smell, fragrance, scent, perfume : 냄새 (악취)
offend:irritate, annoy, vex, provoke, gall, fret, displease : 성나게 하다
offense:transgression, sin, misdemeanor, crime, felony : 위반, 범죄, 성내기
offensive:displeasing, irritating, unpleasant, disgusting, disagreeable, annoying : 불쾌한, 무례한
offer:present, proffer, tender : 제공하다, 제출하다
old:aged, elderly, ancient, antiquated, antique : 나이먹은
old-fashioned:outmoded, antique, obsolete, archaic : 유행에 뒤떨어진, 구식의, 고풍의
ominous:foreboding : 불길한, ~의 전조의
omnipresent:ubiquitous : 어디에나 있는
only:sole, single, unique : 유일한
operate:work, manage : 움직이다, 일하다
operation:transaction, business, affair : 사업, 작동
operative:effective, efficient, effectual : 효력있는
opponent:adversary, antagonist, contestant, enemy, foe : 적대의 반대의
opportune:timely, seasonable : 시기가 좋은, 알맞은
opportunity:chance, occasion : 기회, 호기
oppose:resist, object : 반대하다
opposite:contrary, reverse : 마주보고 있는, 반대편의
oppress:maltreat, persecute : 압박하다, 학대하다
oppression:tyranny, despotism, persecution : 압박, 억압
oral:verbal, spoken, vocal : 구두의, 구술의
orbit:path, course : 궤도
ordeal:trial, test : 시련, 괴로운 체험
order:direction, mandate, command : 명령하다, 지시하다
orderly:regular, systematic, methodical : 규칙적인, 규율이 있는
ordinary:common, usual, customary, accustomed, habitual : 평상의 보통의
organic:systematic : 유기체의
organize:construct, form, constitute : 조직하다, 정리하다
original:inventive, creative : 독창적인, 창의성이 풍부한
originate:spring, emanate, initiate : 시작하다, 일으키다
ornament:decorate, adorn, embellish : 꾸밈, 장식
outbreak*:1. epidemic, plague, rash. :
2. explosion, burst, outburst, gust, eruption :
outcome:result, consequence : 결과, 성과
outdo:surpass, excel : ~보다 낫다, 능가하다
outlaw:criminal : 무법자, 불량배
outline:contour, silhouette, sketch, draft, block out, rough in, rough out : 윤곽, 약도
outlive:survive : ~보다 오래살다, 견뎌내다
outrage:insult, abuse, maltreat, injure, offend : (법률, 도덕)을 범하다, 어기다
outspoken:frank, open candid : 거리낌없이 말하는
outstanding:prominent, eminent, conspicuous, striking : 눈에 띄는, 현저한
overcome:conquer, defeat, subdue, crush, surmount : 이기다, 압도하다
overlook:disregard, neglect, ignore : 너그럽게 보아주다, 못본체하다
overpower:overcome, overwhelm, vanquish, subjugate, subdue, crush, defeat, conquer,
beat : 이기다, 압도하다
oversee:supervise, superintend, survey, watch, overlook : 감독하다, 두루 살피다
oversight:mistake, blunder, slip, error : 간고, 빠뜨리고 못봄
overthrow:upset, overturn, subvert : 뒤엎다, 전복하다
overwhelm:overpower, crush : 압도하다, 전복시키다
own:acknowledge, admit, allow, recognize : 소유하다
P
pace:step, gait, walk, step : 한걸음, 한발짝
pacific:peaceful, calm, tranquil, quiet : 평온한
pacify:calm, tranquilize, assuage, ameliorate : 평화롭게 하다, 진정되다
pack:package, bundle, parcel : 꾸러미, 보따리
pact:compact, contract, bond : 협정, 조약
pain:suffering, distress, torture, torment, pang, ache : 고통, 아픔
painstaking:assiduous, diligent : 근명한
pale:pallid, wan : 창백한
panic:terror, fright, alarm : 공포, 당황
pant:gasp : 숨차다, 헐떡거리다
parallel:corresponding : 평행의, 같은 방향의
paralyze:benumb : 무력하게 하다
paramount:supreme, chief, principal : 최고의, 최고 권위자
pardon:forgive, absolve, condone, acquit : 용서하다
partake:participate, share : 참가하다, 음식을 같이 하다
partial:biased, prejudiced, unfair : 불공평한, 편파적인
partisan:adherent, supporter, follower, disciple : 도당, 일당
partition:divide, separate, apportion : 분할, 분배
passage:way, route, path, lane, thoroughfare : 통로
passion:zeal, ardor, fervor : 열정
passionate:ardent, vehement, zealous, enthusiastic, earnest : 열렬한, 격렬한
passive:inactive, inert : 수동의
pastime:diversion, entertainment, recreation : 소일거리, 오락
patch:mend, repair, fix : 수선하다, 고치다
pathetic:pitiable, touching, moving : 감상적인, 애처로운
patience:endurance, fortitude, perseverance : 인내
patron:protector, supporter, advocate : 후원자, 지지다
pause:rest, suspension, interruption, break, halt : 중지, 중간 휴식
peaceable:pacific, peaceful, amicable, amiable, mild : 평화로운
peaceful:tranquil, placid, serene, calm : 평온한, 조용한
peak:top, rest, summit, acme, pinnacle : 절정, 꼭대기
peculiar:strange, odd, queer, eccentric, bizarre, extraordinary, unique : 특별한
pecuniary:monetary, financial : 재정상의
pedestrian:walker : 보행자
peek:peep, peer, pry : 살짝 엿보다
peer:equal, mate, match : 동료, 대등하다
penetrate:pierce, permeate : 꿰뚫다, 감동시키다
penetrating:piercing, sharp, acute, keen, shrewd : 통찰력 있는
pensive:thoughtful, meditative, reflective : 생각에 잠긴
perceive:see, discern, notice, apprehend, understand : 지각하다, 알아채다
perform:execute, discharge, fulfill, accomplish, achieve : 실행하다, 이행하다
peril:risk, jeopardy, danger, hazard : 위험, 위기
period:age, era, epoch : 기간
periphery*:edge, border, fringe, margin, rim, verge : 주위, 주변, 표면
perish:die, decay, wither, disappear, vanish : 멸망하다, 소멸하다
permanent:lasting, constant, perpetual, everlasting : 불변의, 영구적인
permission:leave, permit, allowance : 허가, 허용
permit:allow, let : 허락하다
perpetual:everlasting, permanent, enduring, eternal, ceaseless, infinite : 영구적인, 끊임없는
perplex:confuse, puzzle : 당혹케 하다
persecute:oppress, harass, molest, afflict : 학대하다, 괴롭히다
persevere:persist, endure : 인내하다, 견디다
persuade:induce, entice : 설득하다
pertinent:appropriate, suitable, fit, proper : 적당한, 적절한
pervade:permeate, penetrate : 널리퍼지다
petition:entreat, supplicate, beg, solicit : 청원, 탄원
picturesque:colorful, scenic, beautiful : 그림같이 아름다운
piece:segment, scrap, shred, fragment : 조각, 단편
pierce:penetrate : 관통하다
pile:heap up, accumulate, assemble, amass, collect : 쌓아 올리다,모으다
pilgrim:wanderer : 나그네, 방랑자
pillar:column, prop : 기둥
pious:devout, reverent, religious : 신앙심 깊은, 경건한
piquant:sharp, pungent : 통렬한, 신랄한
pitiful:pitiable, pathetic, piteous : 가엾은
pitiless:merciless, cruel, ruthless, implacable, relentless, inexorable : 무자비한, 매정한
pity:sympathy, compassion : 동정, 연민
placid:calm, peaceful, tranquil, serene, quiet, undisturbed : 평온한, 침착한
plague:epidemic, outbreak : 전염병의
plain:clear, distinct, lucid, unambiguous, unequivocal, intelligible, evident, manifest,
obvious, apparent : 솔직한, 분명한
platform:stage, scaffold, scaffolding, pulpit : 교단, 강단
plead:entreat, beg, supplicate, reason, defend : 변론하다, 항변하다
plight:predicament, dilemma : 곤경, 궁지
plot:scheme, intrigue, conspiracy : 응모, 계락
plunge:immerse, submerge, dip : 빠지게 하다, 가라앉히다
pointed:sharp, piercing, severe, keen : 뾰족한, 날카로운
poison:venom : 독
polish:brighten, smooth, shine, refine, gloss : 닦다, 광내다
polished:smooth, glossy, shiny : 윤이 나는
polite:courteous, civil, genteel : 예의 바른, 공손한
pollute:dirty, contaminate, corrupt : 더럽히다, 오염시키다
ponder:meditate, reflect, deliberate, muse, weigh, contemplate : 곰곰이 생각하다
popular:common, prevailing, current, general, prevalent : 대중적인, 서민의
port:harbor, haven : 항구
portion:part, section, segment, fragment : 일부, 한 조각
portray:picture, depict, represent, describe : 그리다, 묘사하다
pose:state, assert, propound : 주장하다, 제출하다
position:station, place, locality, site : 위치, 장소
positive:explicit, express, certain, definite, precise : 명확한, 명백한
post:column, pillar, pole : 기둥
postpone:defer, delay, procrastinate, adjourn : 연기하다, 미루다
posture:pose, attitude : 자세, 포즈
potent:powerful, mighty, influential : 유력한, 강력한
potential:possible, latent : 잠재적인
potentially*:possibly : 아마, 혹시
practicable:workable, achievable, attainable : 실행할 수 있는
practice:custom, habit : 습관, 관습
praise:laud, commend, admire, exalt : 칭찬, 숭배
pray:entreat, supplicate, beg, beseech, implore, petition : 기도
precaution:prudence : 조심, 신중
precious:valuable, dear, invaluable, priceless : 귀중한
precise:definite, correct, strict, accurate : 정확한, 정밀한
predict:foretell, prophesy, foresee, forecast : 예언하다, 예보하다
predominant:prevailing, prevalent, dominant : 널리 퍼진
predominate*:prevail, outweigh, surpass, dominate : 우세하다
preeminent:conspicuous, noticeable, outstanding, eminent, celebrated, distinguished : 탁월한, 현저한
prejudice:bias, partiality : 편견, 선입관
preliminary:introductory, preparatory : 예비의, 준비의
premium:bonus, gift, reward : 상금, 상품
preoccupied:absorbed, engrossed : 선정된, 이미 사용된
prescribe:ordain, direct, dictate, decree : 규정하다, 명령하다
presently:immediately, directly, shortly, forthwith, soon : 곧, 이윽고
preserve:keep, conserve, shelter, shield, protect : 보존하다, 유지하다
prestige:reputation, influence, distinction : 명성, 평판
presume:assume, suppose : 추정하다, 가정하다
pretend:feign, affect, assume : ~인체 하다
pretense:pretext, excuse : 핑계, 구실
prevail*:prevalent, predominate, dominant, current, general, common : 우세하다, 널리 보급되다
prevent:hinder, obstruct, hamper, impede, thwart, interrupt : 막다, 방해하다
previous:prior, earlier, former, preceding : 앞의, 이전의
pride:conceit, self-esteem, vanity, arrogance, self-importance : 자랑, 자만심
primary:elementary, fundamental, basic : 근본적인, 기초적인
prime:primary : 첫째의, 최초의
primitive:primeval, uncivilized, uncultured : 원시적인, 미개한
principal*:prime, paramount, capital, chief, foremost, main, leading, cardinal : 주요한, 주된
private:individual, personal, confidential, secret : 사적인, 개인적인
privilege:prerogative : 특권, 특전
probe:examine, explore, investigate : 조사, 탐사
procedure:proceeding, course, process : 절차, 순서
proceed:advance, progress, continue : 나아가다, 진행되다
proclaim:announce, declare, promulgate : 선언하다, 공포하다
procure:acquire, gain, get, secure, win, obtain : 획득하다
prodigious:wonderful, marvelous, amazing, astonishing : 거대한, 막대한
productive:fertile, fruitful : 생산적인, 비옥한
profession:vocation, calling, business, employment : 직업, 전문직
proficient:skilled, adept, skillful : 숙달된, 유창한
profound:deep : 깊은
profusion:abundance, plenty, bounty : 풍부함
progress:advancement, advance, progression : 전진, 진보
progressive:forward, advanced : 전진하는, 발전하는
progressively*:increasingly : 점진적인, 발전하는
prohibit:forbid, inhibit : 금하다
project:plan, scheme, design : 계획하다
prolong:lengthen, extend, protract : 늘리다, 연장하다
promote:further, encourage : 장려하다
prone:inclined, disposed, liable, tending : ~하는 경향이 있는
proof:evidence, testimony : 증거
proper:appropriate, fit, suitable, suited, adapted : 적당한
property:1. possession, effects, estate : 재산, 자산
2. quality, character, feature, characteristic : 성질, 특질
prophesy:foretell, predict : 예언하다
proponent*:supporter : 지지자
proportion:size, extent, dimensions : 크기, 면적
propose:offer, proffer, suggest : 제안하다
proposition:proposal : 제안, 제의
prospect:anticipation, expectation, outlook, perspective : 전망, 예산
prosper:succeed, thrive, flourish : 번영하다, 성공하다
prosperous:successful, flourishing, thriving : 번영하는, 부유한
protect:defend, guard, shield, shelter, harbor : 보호하다, 막다, 지키다
protest:remonstrate, complain, object : 단언하다, 주장하다
proud:arrogant, haughty, overbearing, self-important : 뽐내는, 자랑하는
prove:confirm, verify, corroborate, validate, substantiate : 입증하다, 판명되다
proverb:maxim, saying : 속담, 격언
provide:furnish, supply, afford : 주다, 공급하다
provision:food, supplies : 준비, 식량, 양식
provoke:enrage, exasperate, vex, irritate : 화나게 하다, 자극하여 ~시키다
prudent:cautious, discreet, careful, wary : 신중한, 현명한
pseudo:sham, counterfeit, false, fake : 허위의, 가짜의
publish:announce, proclaim, declare : 발표하다, 공표하다
purchase:buy, procure : 사다, 구입하다
pure:uncontaminated, clean, spotless, immaculate, unpolluted : 순수한, 깨끗한
purge:purity, cleanse, clear, clean, clarify : 깨끗이 하다, 제거하다
purpose:object, intent, intention, aim, end : 목적, 용도
push:shove, thrust : 밀다, 밀치다
Q
quaint:strange, odd, unusual, extraordinary, uncommon : 기이한, 기묘한
quake:shake, shudder, tremble, shiver, quaver, quiver : 흔들리다, 떨다
qualify:fit, suit, entitle, equip : ~에게 자격을 주다
quality:characteristic, attribute, property, character, trait : 질, 특성
quarrel:dispute, argument, controversy : 말다툼
quick:prompt, rapid, swift, fleet, hasty : 재빠른, 민첩한
quiet:pacific, calm, tranquil, serene : 조용한, 고요한
quit:stop, cease, leave : 그만두다, 떠나다
quiver:shiver. shake, tremble, vibrate, quake, shudder : 흔들리다
R
radiant:shining, bright, brilliant, beaming : 빛나는, 찬란한
radical*:1. fundamental, basic : 근본적인
2. extreme, revolutionary : 급진적인, 과격한
rage:anger, fury, wrath : 분노, 격노
raise:lift, elevate, hoist : 올리다, 세우다
random:haphazard, aimless : 임의의, 무작위의
range:extent, scope, compass : 가지런히 하다, 정렬시키다
rank:position, standing, station, level : 계급, 등급
rapid:speedy, fast, swift, fleet : 신속한, 재빠른
rapture:ecstasy, joy, delight, bliss, exultation : 황홀, 환희
rare*:scarce, uncommon, exceptional, extraordinary : 드문, 진기한
rascal:scamp, villain, scoundrel : 악한, 불량배
rash:reckless, heedless, indiscreet, imprudent : 무분별한, 무모한
ratify:confirm, sanction, validate : 확인하다, 승인하다
ration:apportion, distribute, mete : 일정한 배급량, 정량
rational:reasonable, sensible : 이성의, 사리에 맞는
raw:crude, rude, uncooked : 날것의, 가공하지 않은
reactionary:repulsive : 반동의, 반발적인
readily:easily, willingly : 서슴없이, 선뜻, 쉽사리
real:actual, factual, authentic, genuine : 실재하는, 현실의
realize:grasp, understand, comprehend, conceive : 이해하다, 깨닫다
realm:sphere, domain, province, field : 왕국, 범위
rear*:nurture, raise, nurse : 기르다, 사육하다
reasonable:rational, logical, sensible, judicious : 분별있는, 사리를 아는
reassure:encourage, comfort : 안심시키다, 다시 용기를 내게 하다
rebel:insurgent, traitor : 반역자
rebellion:mutiny, revolt : 반란, 폭동
rebellious:defiant, rebel, mutinous : 반란하는, 반항하는
rebuke:reprove, reprimand, censure, reproach, scold : 비난하다, 꾸짖다
recall:recollect, remember : 상기하다, 생각해 내다
reciprocal:mutual : 상호간의
recite:rehearse : 옲다, 암송하다
reckless:careless, rash, heedless, imprudent : 앞뒤를 가리지 않는, 무모한
reckon:1. count, compute, calculate, enumerate : 세다, 계산하다
2. consider, regard, deem : 간주하다
recommend:commend : 추천하다
recompense:compensation, reward : 보답하다, 갚다
reconcile:conciliate, appease : 화해시키다
recover:regain, reclaim, retrieve, restore : 되찾다, 회복하다
reduce:diminish, decrease, abridge, curtail, abate, lessen : 줄이다, 감소시키다
refer:attribute, ascribe, impute : ~의 탓으로 하다
referee:umpire, judge : 심판원
reference:allusion, mention : 언급
refined:purified, clarified, distilled : 정제된, 세련된
reflect:meditate, ponder, deliberate, contemplate, consider, muse : 반사하다, 반영하다
reflection:image : 반사, 반영
reform:better, rectify, correct, amend, ameliorate, mend, improve, repair : 개정하다, 수정하다
refresh:freshen, enliven, reanimate : 상쾌하게 하다, 새롭게 하다
refuge:sanctuary, haven : 피난, 도피
refuse:decline, reject, rebuff : 거절하다, 거부하다
refute:disprove ; (Ant) agree, concur : 반박하다
regain:recover, retrieve : 되찾다
regard:consider, account, deem, hold, suppose : ~이라 여기다, 간주하다
regardless:inattentive, neglectful, indifferent, unconcerned : 부주의한, 관심없는
region:section, province : 지방, 지역
register:enroll, list, record, catalogue : 등록부, 명부
regret:deplore, lament : 유감, 후회
regular:uniform, even, systematic, formal, orderly : 규칙적인, 정기적인
regulate:control, direct, adjust, arrange : 조절하다
regulation:rule, order, law : 규칙, 규정
rehearse:recite, practice, drill, train : 연습하다
reign:rule, govern, prevail, predominate ; (Ant) obey : 군림하다, 통치하다
reinforce:strengthen, intensify : 강화하다
rejoice:delight : 기쁘게 하다
relation:connection, relationship, association, alliance : 관계
relax:loosen, slacken ; (Ant) tighten, intensify : 늦추다, 편하게 하다
release*:1. free, liberate, loose, discharge : 해방시키다
2. emit, vent, give off, give out, let off. : 공개하다, 발표하다
3. loosen, loose, untie, unbind, unclasp, unfasten : 풀어놓다
relentless:unrelenting, stern, severe, merciless, ruthless, pitiless : 냉혹한, 잔인한
reliable:trustworthy, dependable, infallible : 믿을수 있는
relief:1. deliverance 2. alleviation, ease : 구제, 구원 / 경감
relieveease, alleviate, assuage, mitigate, allay, lighten, soothe, lessen, abate, diminish : 경감하다
religious:pious, devout, reverent : 신앙심 깊은, 경건한
relish:taste flavor, savor : 맛, 풍미
reluctant:unwilling, disinclined, loath, averse : 마음이 내키지 않는
remain:last, abide, endure : 남다, 잔존하다
remainder:remnant, residue, rest : 나머지
remark:comment, utterance, statement : 의견을 말하다
remarkable*:notable, conspicuous, unusual, extraordinary, noteworthy, distinguished : 주목할 만한
remedy:cure, treatment : 치료, 요법
remember:recall, recollect : 생각해내다, 상기하다
remembrance:recollection, reminiscence, memory : 기억, 추억, 회상
remote:distant, removed : 먼, 멀리 떨어진
remove:transfer, transport, carry : 옮기다, 이동하다
render:contribute, afford, present, give, assign : 주다, 해주다
renew:regenerate, renovate : 갱신하다, 되찾다, 회복하다
renown:repute, fame, distinction, eminence, reputation : 명성, 고명
rent:lease, let : 빌리다, 임대하다
repair:mend, remodel, amend, fix : 수리하다, 수선하다
repel:repulse, parry : 쫓아버리다, 물리치다
repent:regret, atone : 후회하다, 뉘우치다
replace:supersede, supplant, substitute : 대체하다, 바꾸다, 교환하다
represent:depict, express, portray : 나타내다, 표현하다
repress:check, suppress, subdue, quell, crush, restrain, curb : 억누르다, 진압하다
reproach:abuse, reprimand, condemn, rebuke, scold, blame : 비난하다, 꾸짖다
reproduce:copy, duplicate, imitate, generate, beget : 재생하다, 복사하다
reprove:rebuke, blame, censure, reproach, reprimand, scold, admonish : 꾸짖다
reputation:repute, honor, fame, distinction, renown : 평판, 명성
request:sue, petition, entreat, beg, supplicate, solicit, beseech : 요청, 부탁하다
require:demand, enjoin : 요구하다, 명령하다
requisite:necessary, essential, indispensable : 필요한, 없어서는 안될
rescue:save, deliver, redeem : 구출하다, 구조하다
research:investigate, study, examine, scrutinize : 연구, 조사
resemblance:analogy, similarity, affinity, similitude, likeness, alikeness : 유사점
reserve:save, retain, keep, hold : 남겨두다
reside:dwell, abide, live, sojourn, lodge, inhabit : 거주하다, 존재하다
residence:dwelling, house, habitation : 주거, 주택
resign:relinquish, abandon, forsake, quit : 사직하다, 사임하다
resilient:rebounding, elastic : 탄력있는
resist:withstand, oppose, confront, counteract, rebuff : 저항하다, 반항하다
resolute:resolved, steadfast, determined : 굳게 결심한, 단호한
resolve:determine, decide, disintegrate, separate, analyze, solve : 결정하다, 분석하다
respect:esteem, deference, veneration, reverence : 존경하다, 중요시하다
respectable:estimable, honorable : 존경할만한
respectful:courteous, polite, well-mannered, civil : 공손한, 정중한
responsible:accountable, answerable, liable : 책임이 있는
restful:calm, tranquil, peaceful, undisturbed, serene, pacific : 편안한, 평온한
restore:renew, renovate, repair, return, recover, revive : 되돌려주다
restrain:check, repress, curb, suppress, restrict : 억제하다, 제지하다
restrict**:confine, limit, restrain, curb : 제한하다, 한정하다
result:outcome, consequence, effect, end : 결과, 성과
retaliate:avenge, requite, revenge : 보복하다, 앙갚음하다
retire:withdraw, retreat, recede, retract : 물러가다, 퇴직하다
reveal:disclose, divulge, unveil ; (Ant) conceal : 드러내다, 폭로하다
reverence:worship, veneration, respect, homage, awe : 존경, 경의
reverse:invert : 뒤집다, 거꾸로 하다
revert*:return, come back. revisit. : 되돌아가다, 복귀하다
review:survey, reexamination : 재조사, 정밀하게 살피다
revise*:change, modify, amend, alter, correct : 교정하다, 수정하다
revive:revitalize : 소생하게 하다, 회복시키다
revolt:rebel, mutiny : 반란을 일으키다, 반항하다
revolution:overthrow, revolt : 혁명, 대변혁
revolve:rotate, circulate, roll, orbit, circle : 회전하다
reward:recompense, prize : 보답하다, 보상하다
rich:opulent, affluent, abundant, ample : 부유한, 풍부한
ridicule:mockery, sneer, mock, jeer : 비웃다, 조롱하다
ridiculous:absurd, funny, comical : 웃기는, 우스꽝스러운
right:just, equitable, upright : 적당한, 옳은
righteous:moral, upright, virtuous, equitable : 바른, 정의의
rigid:1. stiff, firm, bard, inflexible : 단단한, 딱딱한
2. strict, severe, stern, rigorous : 엄격한, 엄숙한
rigorous:rigid, severe, harsh, stern, austere, strict : 엄한, 엄격한
rim:edge, border, margin, brim, boundary, verge : 가장자리, 변두리
riot:uproar, disturbance : 폭동, 소동
ripe:mature, mellow, developed : 익은, 숙성한
risk:hazard, danger, venture, peril, jeopardy : 위험, 모험
rival:competitor, contestant, antagonist, opponent : 경쟁자, 적수
roam:ramble, wander, rove, stray : 걸어다니다, 배회하다
roar:cry, bellow, shout, yell : 으르렁 거리다, 울부짖다
rob:deprive, plunder, pillage : 강탈하다, 약탈하다
robust:sturdy, vigorous, stalwart : 건장한, 튼튼한
rot:decay, corrupt, degenerate : 썩다, 부패하다
rotate:turn, spin, revolve, wheel, roll : 회전하다
rotten:decayed, foul, corrupt : 썩은, 불결한
rough:uneven, irregular, rugged, violent, wild : 난폭한, 격렬한, 거친
rouse:stir, excite, stimulate, awaken, provoke : 깨우다, 눈뜨게 하다
rude:discourteous, ill-mannered, impolite, uncivil, coarse : 버릇없는
rudimentary:elementary, fundamental, basic : 기본의, 초보의
ruin:decay, downfall, spoil, demolish, destroy, damage : 폐허, 파멸
rural:rustic ; (Ant) urban : 시골의
rush:dash : 돌진하다, 서두르다
ruthless:pitiless, cruel, harsh, severe, unrelenting, relentless, inexorable : 무자비한, 무정한
S
sacred:holy, divine : 신성한
sad:sorrowful, mournful : 슬픈, 슬퍼하는
safe:secure, protected : 안전한, 위험이 없는
sanction:permission, ratification, authorization : 재가, 인가
sanguinary:bloody, bloodthirsty, cruel, ruthless : 피비린내 나는, 잔인한
satire:irony, sarcasm : 풍자, 비꼼
satisfy:gratify, meet, satiate, suffice : 만족시키다
savage:wild, uncultivated, barbarous, uncivilized, cruel, brutal : 야만적인, 야만인의
save:rescue, salvage : 구하다, 구조하다
savor:taste, flavor : 맛, 풍미
scale*:climb, mount, ascend : 기어오르다, 올라가다
scan:scrutinize, investigate : 조사하다, 정밀검사하다
scandal:disgrace, dishonor, shame : 불명예, 추문
scanty:meager, insufficient, inadequate, deficient : 부족한, 불충분한
scarce:rare, insufficient, deficient : 부족한, 적은
scare:terrify, alarm, startle, frighten, shock, intimidate : 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 위협하다
scatter:sprinkle, strew, disperse, dissipate : 흩뿌리다, 낭비하다
scent:odor, perfume : 냄새, 향기
scheme:plan, design, project, plot, intrigue, conspiracy : 계획, 설계
scoff:mock, scorn, jeer, sneer, ridicule : 비웃다, 조롱하다
scold:reprove, reproach, reprimand, rebuke : 꾸짖다, 잔소리하다
scope:range, extent, space : 범위
score:gain, win : 득점, 점수
scorn:contempt, disdain, mockery, scoff, sneer : 경멸하다, 모욕하다
scream:shriek, cry : 소리치다, 비명지르다
screen:shelter, protect, veil, defend, cover, shield : 칸막이, 보호물
scrupulous:careful, painstaking, meticulous : 꼼꼼한, 세심한
scrutinize:examine, investigate, dissect, study : 세밀히 조사하다
scrutiny:examination, investigation, dissection, inspection : 정밀히 조사하다
search:seek, explore : 찾다, 탐색하다
secret:clandestine, conceal, private, privy : 비밀의, 은밀한
secure:safe, protected, obtain, procure, get, acquire, gain : 안전한, 확고한
segregate:isolate, separate, dissociate : 분리하다, 격리하다
seize:grasp, grab, clutch, capture, grip : 붙들다, 꼭 쥐다
self-evident:evident, obvious, clear : 자명한
self-satisfied:complacent, smug : 자기 만족의
send:transmit, dispatch, convey : 전하다, 보내다
sensation:excitement, stimulation, animation, agitation : 감각, 느낌
sensational:exciting, stimulating : 세상을 들끓게 하는
sense:meaning, signification, significance, denotation : 직감, 통찰력
senseless:stupid, foolish, silly, idiotic : 무감각한
sensibility:susceptibility, sensitivity, sensitiveness : 감각력, 민감성
sensible:judicious, intelligent, sagacious, sage, wise, sound, rational, reasonable : 분별있는, 현명한
sensitive:impressionable, susceptible : 민감한, 감각이 있는
sensual:voluptuous, sensuous : 관능적인, 세속적인
sententious:concise, terse, succinct : 간결한
sentiment:emotion, sentimentality, sensibility : 감정, 심정
separate:divide, part, disjoin, sever, dissociate, segregate, split : 나누다, 구별하다
sequence:succession, series : 연속
serene:calm, peaceful, tranquil, undisturbed, placid, sedate : 고요, 조용
serious:important, momentous, grave : 심각한, 엄숙한
serve:assist, help, aid, succor, contribute : 섬기다, 복종하다
sever:separate, divide, cut, cleave, rend : 절단하다
severe:1. rough, harsh, brutal. : 호된, 엄한 / 맹렬한, 심한
2. formidable, rigorous, :
3. tough, rigid, stern, strict :
shabby:ragged, beggarly, poor : 허름한, 초라한
shade:screen, hide, protect, conceal, cover, shelter : 그늘지게 하다, 가리다
shake:sway, waver, agitate, shudder : 흔들리다, 진동하다
shameful:disgraceful, humiliating, dishonorable, ignominious : 불명예스러운, 망신스러운
shameless:brazen, impudent, insolent, unashamed : 뻔뻔스러운
share:portion, part, allotment, quota, dividend, stock : 할당, 몫
sharp*:1. keen, acute, pointed, pungent, severe, poignant : 예리한, 날카로운
2. abrupt, acute, sudden ex. a sharp drop : 갑작스러운
shed:emit, radiate, diffuse : 발산하다
shatter*:break, crush, crack : 박살내다, 파괴하다
sheer:unmixed, pure, steep, precipitous, abrupt : 섞인 것이 없는, 순수한
shelter:protect, guard, cover, safeguard, shield, harbor, defend : 피난장소, 대피소
shield*:protect, defend, secure, guard, safeguard : 보호하다
shine:beam, glare, gleam, glisten, glimmer, shimmer, glow : 빛나다
shining:radiant, gleaming, bright, brilliant, glistening : 빛나는, 화려한
shiver:tremble, quake, shudder, shake : 떨다, 진동시키다
shock:blow, impact : 충격, 충돌
shorten:curtail, abbreviate, abridge, condense, lessen, reduce : 감소하다
short-sighted:near-sighted, indiscreet, imprudent : 경솔한
showy:ostentatious, gaudy, loud : 화려한, 허식부리는
shrewd:astute, sharp, acute, keen, penetrating : 빈틈없는, 날카로운
shrink:contract, shrivel, diminish, decrease, dwindle : 오그라들다, 감소하다
shun:elude, avoid, evade, escape : 비키다, 피하다
shy:bashful, reserved, timid, coy : 소심한, 수줍은
siege:blockade, besieging : 포위, 공격
sign:token, indication, trace, hint, suggestion : 신호, 기호, 부호
significant:important, consequential, momentous, critical, crucial, vital : 중요한, 의미심장한
signify:express, indicate, mean : 의미하다
silent:speechless, dumb, mute, tacit : 말없는, 고요한
simultaneous:concurrent, concomitant, synchronous : 동시에 일어나는
sin:transgression, trespass, violation, crime, offense : 죄, 죄악, 잘못
sincere:candid, earnest, plain, genuine, true, real : 성실한, 거짓없는
sip:drink, absorb, sup : 홀짝이다
situation:location, position, site, place, spot : 위치, 장소
size:dimensions, proportions, magnitude : 크기, 치수
skeptical:skeptic, doubtful, dubious, incredulous : 의심많은, 회의적인
skilled*:able, capable, competent, skillful, proficient, adept, qualified : 숙련된, 기술이 좋은
skillful:adroit, deft, adept, proficient, dexterous : 숙련된, 솜씨좋은, 능숙한
skip:spring, jump, leap, bound, hop : 뛰어다니다, 뛰놀다
skirmish:encounter, battle, fight, conflict, combat, collision : 작은 접전, 작은 충돌
slack:loose, relaxed : 늘어진, 느슨한
slander:defame, scandalize, vilify : 중상, 욕설
slaughter:butcher, massacre, murder, slay, kill : 도살, 학살
slavery:bondage, servitude, subjection, enslavement : 노예의 신세, 예속
slay:murder, kill, slaughter, massacre, butcher, assassinate : 살해하다
slender:slim, weak, fragile, feeble, delicate : 호리호리한, 가느다란
slide:glide : 미끄러지다
slight:insignificant, trivial, trifling : 근소한, 약간의
slim:slender, thin : 호리호리한, 갸냘픈, 가는
slip:mistake, error, blunder : (비밀, 말 등이)새다, 실수하다
slumber:sleep : 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다
sly:cunning, artful : 교활한, 간교한
smart:intelligent, bright, sharp, clever, adroit, shrewd : 영리한, 기민한
smash:shatter, crush, crash : 박살내다, 산산이 부수다
smooth:level, even, plain, flat ; (Ant) rough, uneven : 평탄한, 매끄러운
snare:trap, lure, bait : 함정, 덫
sneer:scorn, jeer, gibe, scoff, disdain, deride, ridicule : 냉소, 조소, 비꼬다
soak:steep, drench, wet, saturate : 흠뻑 젖다
soar:tower, rise, ascend, mount : 솟아오름, 높이 솟다
sober:unintoxicated, sane, sound ; (Ant) drunk : 술취하지 않은, 맑은 정신의
sociable:affable, genial ; (Ant) sullen : 사교적인
soft:yielding, pliable, plastic : 부드러운, 유연한
soften:assuage, moderate, mitigate, soothe, alleviate, ease : 부드럽게 하다
solace:comfort, consolation : 위안, 위로
sole:only, single, solitary : 유일한
solemn:grave, sober, serious, impressive, August, imposing, grand, majestic, stately : 엄숙한
solid:firm, substantial, sound, stable, strong : 단단한
solitary:isolated, lonely : 고독한
solitude:isolation, loneliness : 고독, 독거
soothe:relieve, allay, mitigate, assuage, alleviate, appease, soften, lull : 달래다, 진정시키다
sophisticated:artificial, mundane, worldly : 세상 물정에 익숙한
sore:painful, grieved, distressed, sorrowful : 욱신욱신한, 아픈
sorrow:distress, anguish, grief, sadness, woe : 슬픔, 비탄
sort:classify, class, assort : 분류하다
sound:uninjured, unharmed, unimpaired, healthy : 건전한, 정상적인
sour:acid, tart : 시큼한
sovereign:supreme, chief, paramount : 주권자, 군주
spacious:ample, capacious, extensive, vast : 넓은, 풍부한
span:distance, length : 짧은 길이
spare:save, reserve : 절약하다, 구하다
sparkle:spark, glitter, twinkle : 섬광, 불꽃
special:particular, especial, peculiar, specific : 독특한, 특수한
specimen:sample, model, pattern : 견본
spectacular*:dramatic, sensational, impressive : 장관인, 시선을 집중시키는
speculation:supposition, conjecture, surmise : 심사숙고
speculative*:1. academic, abstract, theoretical. : 순 이론적인
2. thoughtful, reflective, meditative, contemplative, pensive, deliberative : 사색적인
spend:expend, squander, waste, lavish, exhaust, consume : 소비하다
spin:turn, rotate : 회전시키다
spite:ill-will, maliciousness, malice : 악의, 심술
splendid:gorgeous, magnificent, sumptuous, dazzling : 찬란한, 훌륭한
splendor:brilliance, grandeur, pomp : 광채, 탁월
split:cleave, rend, separate : 분리하다, 쪼개다
spoil:damage, impair, ruin, mar, harm, corrupt : 망쳐놓다, 손상하다
spontaneous:voluntary, uncompelled, willing : 자발적인
spot*:find, locate, pinpoint, detect, recognize : 알아 맞추다, 탐지하다
spread:unfold, extend, stretch, expand : 펴다
spring:leap, jump, bound, hop, vault : 도약, 튀기
sprinkle:scatter, strew, disperse : 끼얹다, 뿌리다
spur:incitement, stimulus, incentive, provocation, instigation : 충동, 자극
squander:waste, lavish : 낭비하다
stab:thrust, plunge : 찌르다
stable:invariable, steadfast, unchangeable, constant, steady : 안정된, 변화없는
stagger:sway, totter, waver, falter : 비틀거리다
stagnant:inert, inactive : 정체된, 침체한
stain:taint, spot, dirty, blemish, blot : 더럽히다
stake:stick, post : 말뚝, 막대기
stale:vapid, old, decayed : 심심하지 않은, 변한
stammer:stutter, hesitate, falter : 말을 더듬다
stamp:trample, crush, pound : 짓밟다
stand:endure, undergo, bear, sustain, weather, tolerate, endure : 참다
standard:criterion, gauge : 표준
stare:gaze : 응시하다
startle:surprise, alarm, amaze, astound, astonish, scare, frighten : 깜짝 놀라게하다
state:condition situation, status, environment, position : 상태
stately:imposing, grand, majestic, magnificent : 당당한, 품위있는
statement:declaration, announcement, proclamation : 성명(서), 진술문
station:standing, rank : 위치, 장소
status:position, standing, rank : 지위, 신분
stay:remain, reside sojourn, rest : 머무르다, 체류하다
steadfast:firm, stanch, steady, resolute : 불변의, 확고한
stem:base, root : 줄기, 대
1. stop, check, dam, obstruct, hinder : 저지하다, 막다
2. come, derive, proceed, originate : 유래하다
sterile:barren, unproductive, fruitless : 불임의
stern:firm, strict, adamant, unrelenting, uncompromising, severe, harsh, hard, infallible : 단호한
stick:adhere, cohere, cling, cleave, hold : 고정하다, 붙이다
stiff:rigid, solid : 빳빳한, 굳은 (단단한)
stifle:smother, suffocate, strangle, choke : 숨막히게 하다
still:motionless, stationary, tranquil, calm, peaceful, placid, pacific, serene : 움직이지 않는
stimulating*:restorative, refreshing, energizing, invigorating, reinvigorating : 기운을 붇돋는
stimulus:incentive, incitement, stimulation, provocation, stimulant : 자극, 격려
stingy:parsimonious, miserly, mean : 인색한
stir:agitate, incite, instigate, prompt, rouse, torment, arouse, provoke, stimulate,
goad, spur : 감동시키다, 휘젓다, 움직이다
stock:store, inventory, reserve, hoard : 저장, 축적
stoop:bend, lean, bow, crouch : 구부리다, 굽히다
stop:interrupt, arrest, halt : 가로막다, 중단하다
stout:stalwart, sturdy, athletic, vigorous : 튼튼한, 용감한
strain:stretch, tighten : 잡아당기다, 긴장시키다
strange:1. unusual, extraordinary, curious, bizarre, odd, queer, mysterious, eccentric, abnormal
이상한, 생소한
2. foreign, alien : 외국인
stranger:alien, foreigner : 외국인, 낯선 사람
strategy:tactics : 용병학, 전략
stray:wander, rove, roam, ramble : 딴길로 들어서다, 헤매다
stream:current, run, flow : 흐름, 조류
strength:power, force, vigor, might, energy, capacity : 힘, 능력
strenuous:vigorous, energetic, active, eager, zealous, ardent, earnest : 격렬한
stress:emphasis, accent, force : 압력, 긴장
stretch:extend, lengthen, pull : 늘리다, 뻗치다
strict:rigid , rigorous, stringent, stiff, severe, harsh, austere, stern : 엄격한
strife:conflict, discord, quarrel, struggle, clash, fight : 투쟁, 싸움
stringent*:severe, constricted, tight, strict : 엄중한, 절박한
strike:hit, knock, beat, pound, slap : 치다, 때리다
strive:endeavor, try, struggle, toil : 노력하다, 얻으려 애쓰다
stroke:striking, blow, beating, beat : 공을 치다
stroll:ramble, wander, roam, rove : 어슬렁거리며 거닐기, 산책
strong:powerful, vigorous, mighty, potent : 강한
stubborn:obstinate, dogged, persistent, rigid, stiff, headstrong : 완고한, 완강한
stuff:material, substance, matter : 재료, 물질
stun:astound, daze, astonish, amaze, bewilder, confound, stupefy : 어리벙벙하게 하다
stupid:dull, senseless, foolish : 바보같은, 어리석은
sturdy:strong, robust, stalwart, muscular, stout : 억센, 튼튼한
subdue:conquer, defeat, suppress, subjugate, subject : 정복하다
subject:subordinate, subjected, submissive, obedient : 지배를 받는, 복종하는
subjective:personal, individual ; (Ant) objective : 주관적인
submerse:dip, sink, plunge, immerse : 가라앉다, 하강하다
submit:yield, surrender, obey : 복종시키다
subordinate:inferior, secondary, dependent, junior, inferior, secondary, supplementary : 하위의
subscribe:agree, assent, consent : 동의하다
subsidize:back, finance, fund : 보조금을 주다, 매수하다
substance:matter, material, stuff : 물질, 물체
substantial*:real, actual, material : 실질적인, 내용이 알찬
subtract:deduct, discount : 빼다, 감하다
succession:sequence, series : 연속, 계속
successive:consecutive, continuous : 계속되는
succinct* :concise, brief, lean, terse, condensed, laconic : 간결한
suffer:1. undergo, experience : 견디다
2. sustain, bear, tolerate, stand : 견디다
sufficient*:enough, adequate, ample : 충분한, 흡족한
suggest:indicate, hint, intimate : 암시하다, 시사하다
summary:digest, extract, abstract : 요약, 개요
summit:top, peak, apex, pinnacle, acme, zenith : 정상, 꼭대기
summon:call, bid, convene, convoke : 호출하다, 소환하다
superficial:shallow, external, outward : 표면의, 겉면의
supernatural:miraculous, abnormal : 초자연의, 신비적인
supply:furnish, provide, replenish : 공급하다, 보충하다
support:aid, help, assist, advocate : 받치다, 유지하다
suppose:assume, presume : 가정하다
surpass:exceed, excel, transcend, outdo, beat, outstrip : ~보다 낫다, 능가하다
surplus:remainder : 나머지, 잔여
surprise:astonish, amaze, astound, startle : 놀라게 하다
surrender:submit, yield : 넘겨주다, 내주다
survey:watch, inspect, examine, scrutinize : 바라보다, 둘러보다
suspect:surmise, imagine, consider, suppose, guess, conjecture : ~이 아닌가 생각하다
suspend:1. defer, postpone, delay : 연기하다 (일시 중지하다)
2. stop, cease, interrupt, arrest : 중지하다, 보류하다
suspense:uncertainty, doubt, indecision, hesitation, misgiving : 어중간한, 모호한
suspicion:doubt, mistrust, distrust : 혐의, 의심
sustain:bear, carry, support, uphold : 떠받치다, 지탱하다
swallow:eat, gorge, gulp, engulf, devour : 삼키다, 들이키다
sway:swing, wave, brandish, rule, reign, govern : 흔들다, 동요시키다
swear:avow, vow : 맹세하다, 선서하다
sweat:perspiration : 땀, 땀흘림
sweep:clean : 청소하다
sweeping:broad, wide, extensive, comprehensive, wholesale, vast : 휩쓸어가는, 광범위한
swift:speedy, fleet, rapid : 빠른, 눈 깜짝할 사이의
swivel:spin, rotate, turn : 회전하다
T
taboo:prohibition : 금기
tactics:strategy, maneuvering : 전술, 병법
tale:story, narrative, account, fiction : 이야기, 설화
talent:aptitude, capacity, capability, gift, genius, faculty : 재능, 수완
talkative:garrulous, wordy, verbose : 이야기하기 좋아하는, 수다스러운
tall:high, elevated, towering, lofty : 키가 큰, 거창한
tame:domesticated, mild, docile, domestic ; (Ant) wild : 길들인, 온순한
tangible:real, substantial, concrete, substantive : 명백한, 확실한
tear:rend, rip, sever, split : 찢다, 자르다
tease:irritate, bother, trouble, disturb, annoy, plague, molest, harry, harass : 괴롭히다, 조르다
tedious:tiresome, irksome, wearisome, tiring, monotonous, boring : 지루한, 지겨운
temperament:disposition, make-up, temper, nature : 기질, 성미
temperate:moderate, self-restrained, sober ; (Ant) immoderate : 절제하는, 삼가는
temporary:transient, transitory, fleeting, ephemeral : 일시적인, 임시의
tempt:induce, persuade, entice, allure, seduce, attract, decoy, lure : 유혹하다, 부추기다
tempting:inviting, seductive, attractive, alluring : 유혹하는, 부추기는
tendency:trend, proneness, inclination, bent : 경향, 풍조, 추세
tender:soft, delicate, lenient, mild : 부드러운, 연한
tense:rigid, strained, nervous ; (Ant) relaxed : 팽팽한, 긴장한
terrible:dreadful, awful, frightful, appalling, horrible : 무서운, 소름끼치는
terrific:splendid, glorious, superb, marvelous, sensational : 훌륭한, 아주 멋진
terror:horror, panic, fright, dismay : 심한 공포, 두려움
tiresome:wearisome, tedious, dull, boredom : 지루한, 따분한
toil:work, labor, strive : 힘써 일하다, 수고하다
tolerance:toleration, patience : 관용, 관대, 참음
tolerate*:endure : 견디다
tool:instrument, implement, utensil : 도구, 기구
top:apex, zenith, acme, peak, summit, pinnacle, culmination, vertex : 꼭대기, 정점
torment:afflict, pain, rack, torture, harass, harry, annoy, vex, distress : 고통, 고뇌
torrential*:wild, violent : 맹렬한, 격한
tide:stream, current : 조수, 조류
touch:impress, move, strike, stir : 감동시키다, ~의 급소를 찌르다
tough:firm, strong, hard, sturdy : 튼튼한, 강인한
trace*:vestige, mark, sign, track, footprint, trail : 자취, 발자국, 흔적
traffic:trade : 교통, 왕래
tragic:mournful, pathetic, pitiful, disastrous : 비극의, 비참한
trail:drag, draw : 끌고 간 자국
traitor:betrayer : 반역자, 매국노
transact:settle, perform, manage, conduct, execute :집행하다, 처리하다
transform:change alter, convert, transmute : 변형시키다
transmit:send, dispatch, convey, carry, transfer : 부치다, 보내다, 전하다
transparent:clear, pellucid, lucid, limpid, crystalline : 투명한, 비쳐 보이는
transport:carry, convey, transport : 수송하다, 운송하다
trap:pitfall, snare : 덫, 올가미, 속임수
treachery:betrayal, treason : 배반, 배신
treasure:prize, cherish : 보물, 보배
treat:entertain, regale, feast : 대접하다, 한턱 내다
tremble:shake, quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, shudder : 떨다
tremendous:huge, gigantic, colossal : 무서운, 거대한, 대단한
trend:tendency, direction, inclination : 방향, 경향, 동향
trespass:encroach, infringe, intrude, invade : 침입하다, 침해하다
trial:affliction, suffering, distress, sorrow, trouble : 시련, 고난
trick:cheat, swindle, beguile, deceive, defraud, delude : 계교, 장난
trifling:trivial, insignificant, unimportant, petty, negligible, slight : 하찮은, 시시한
trim:clip, prune, shave, shear, arrange : 다듬다, 손질하다
triumph:win, succeed, prevail : 승리, 대성공
troop:band, squad, party company, group, herd, flock, swarm, throng : 무리, 떼, 군대
trouble:disturb, distress, worry, annoy, vex, bother, : 근심, 걱정
1. effort, struggle, endeavor, striving, exertion, pains : 고생, 수고
2. discomfort, inconvenience : 불편, 성가심, 폐
troublesome:annoying, laborious, difficult, arduous, burdensome, hard : 까다로운, 귀찮은
true:factual, actual, real, authentic, genuine : 진짜의, 참된
trust:confidence, belief, faith, credit : 신임, 신뢰
trustworthy:reliable, true, stanch, dependable, credible : 신뢰할 수 있는, 믿을 수 있는
tumult:commotion, disturbance, disorder, turbulence, uproar, agitation, uprising : 소란, 법썩
twinkle:glimmer, sparkle : 반짝반짝 빛나다
twist:contort, distort : 꼬다, 비틀어 돌리다
typical:representative, symbolic, model, exemplary : 대표적인 전형적인
tyrannical:arbitrary, despotic, oppressive : 전제 군주적인, 무도한
tyrant:dictator, oppressor : 폭군
U
ugly:unlovely, unsightly, homely : 추한, 험악한
ultimate:final, last, extreme : 최후의
umpire:referee, arbiter, judge : 판정자, 심판인
unaccountable:inexplicable, strange, incomprehensible : 설명할 수 없는, 기묘한
unanimity:accord, agreement : (만장) 일치, 합의
unassuming:modest, unpretending, unpretentious, humble : 겸손한, 건방지지 않은
unbearable:unendurable, intolerable, insufferable, insupportable : 견딜 수 없는, 참기어려운
unbecoming:inappropriate, unsuitable : 어울리지 않는
unbiased :fair, impartial, unprejudiced, disinterested : 선입관없는, 편견없는
unbounded:unlimited, boundless, limitless, immense, immeasurable, vast, infinite, endless,
interminable :끝없는, 무한의
uncivil :impolite, discourteous, impudent : 무례한, 버릇없는
uncompromising:unyielding, inflexible, rigid, firm, obstinate : 타협하지 않는, 완고한
undergo :experience, suffer : 당하다, 경험하다
undermine:ruin, thwart : ~의 밑을 파다
undertake :assume : 맡다, 책임맡다
unequaled :unparalleled, matchless, peerless : 무적의, 무쌍한
unexampled:unprecedented, matchless, peerless : 전례가 없는
uniform* :invariable, unchanging, consistent : 한결같은, 똑같은
uninterested:unconcerned, indifferent : 무관한, 관계없는
unite:join, combine, incorporate, connect, conjoin, link, associate : 결합하다, 통합하다
universal:entire, ecumenical : 모든 사람의, 보편적인
unlawful:illegal, illicit, illegitimate : 불법의
unmindful:heedless, regardless, careless, inattentive, neglectful : 부주의한, 개의치 않는
unparalleled:matchless, unmatched, unequaled, unrivaled, peerless : 비할 바 없는
unpleasant:disagreeable, offensive, repulsive : 불쾌한, 재미없는
unreasonable:irrational, senseless, foolish, silly, preposterous, absurd, stupid, idiotic : 철없는
unrefined:coarse, crude, unpolished, vulgar : 세련되지 못한, 정제되지 못한
unrelenting:relentless, implacable, inexorable, harsh, merciless, pitiless, cruel, ruthless : 무자비한
unsettled:unstable, unsteady, shaky, unfixed, changeable, infirm : 변하기 쉬운, 불안정한
unsophisticated:simple, artless, ingenuous, naive : 단순한, 소박한
unstable:infirm, unsteady, precarious, inconstant, unsettled : 불안정한, 변하기 쉬운
unsteady:unsettled, changeable, unstable : 불안정한
untie:unfasten, loose, unknot : 풀다, 끄르다
unyielding:inflexible, firm, stanch, steadfast, adamant, resolute, determined : 강직한, 단단한
upright:erect, vertical, perpendicular, conscientious, righteous, honest, virtuous : 올바른
uproar:disturbance, tumult, turbulence, commotion, clamor : 소란, 소동
upset:1. overturn, capsize, overthrow : 뒤엎다
2. defeat, subdue, overwhelm, embarrass : 당황하게 하다
urge:force, impel, press, instigate, stimulate, persuade, induce : 주장하다, 몰아대다
urgent:pressing, imperative, exigent : 긴급한, 다급한
useful:serviceable, advantageous, profitable, beneficial : 쓸모있는, 유익한
V
ineffective:empty, devoid, destitute : 쓸모없는, 무능한
vacant:empty, void, unoccupied : 빈, 공허한
vagabond:wandering, nomadic, vagrant : 방랑자, 깡패
vague:indefinite, unspecified, obscure, uncertain, indistinct, dim, unsettled : 막연한, 모호한
vain:useless, worthless, trifling, trivial, unavailing, futile : 공허한, 실속없는
valid:just, sound, logical, cogent, effective, binding, legal : 근거가 확실한, 정당한
vanish:disappear, end, cease, fade : 사라지다, 소실되다
variable :changeable, inconstant, fickle, unsteady : 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운
variety* :diversity, kind, sort, species, type : 다른 상태, 다양성
various :diverse, varied : 여러 가지의, 다재다능한
vary*:change, alter, diversify, transform, transmute : 바꾸다, 변화를 주다
vast:extensive, immense, huge, enormous, gigantic, colossal, prodigious, stupendous
:광대한, 거대한
velocity* :speed, pace, rapidity, celerity :속도, 빠르기
vengeance:avenging, revenge : 복수, 앙갚음
venture :hazard, danger, jeopardy, risk, peril :모험, 위험
verbal:oral, spoken : 말뿐인
verge:edge, rim, margin, brim, brink, limit : 모서리, 가장자리, 경계
version :translation : 번역, 각색
vertical :upright, plumb, erect, perpendicular : 수직의, 정점의, 절정의
vibrant :vibrating, shaking, oscillating : 진동하는, 떠는, 가슴설레는
vibrate:oscillate, shake, tremble, quiver, shiver : 진동하다, 흔들리다
vice:wickedness, evil : 악, 악덕행위
vicious:immoral, depraved, corrupt, malicious : 사악한, 품행이 나쁜
view:1. prospect, outlook, idea, notion : 조명, 전망
2. opinion, see, behold, witness, contemplate : 바라보다, 조사하다
vigilant:attentive, wary, alert, awake, watchful : 자지않고 지키는, 방심하지 않는
vigorous:strong, robust, sturdy, energetic, powerful : 강력한, 힘찬
villain:rascal, scoundrel : 악당, 놈
violation:breach, infringement, transgression : 위반자, 방해자
violence:vehemence, intensity, force : 강렬한, 맹렬한
virgin:maiden, maid : 미혼여자
virtual*:practical, implicit : 사실상의, 실질적인
virtually* :1. In fact or to all purposes; practically : 사실상, 실질적으로는
2. nearly :
virtue:goodness, uprightness, morality, justice : 미덕, 장점
virtuous:right, upright, moral, righteous, good, chaste : 덕이 있는, 고결한, 정숙한
visible:apparent, manifest, obvious, evident, open, observable, clear, conspicuous,
unmistakable : 눈에 보이는, 명백한
vision:sight, perception, discernment : 시력, 상상력
visionary:fanciful, imaginary, speculative, illusory : 환영의, 꿈같은
vista:view, prospect, perspective : 원경, 멀리 내다보이는 경치
vital:indispensable, important, critical, cardinal : 극히 중대한, 치명적인
vivid:bright, brilliant, animated, spirited, vivacious, lively, vigorous, energetic : 발랄한, 밝은
vocation:business, occupation, pursuit, profession, employment, calling : 천직, 직업, 사명감
vogue:fashion, style, mode : 유행, 성행
void:useless, ineffectual, vain : 쓸모없는, 무효의
volume:size, measure, magnitude, mass : 용적, 용량
voluntary:spontaneous, free, unforced : 자발적인, 임의의
vow:pledge, promise : 맹세, 서약
voyage:cruise, sailing : 항해, 항행
vulgar:coarse, mean, rude : 저속한, 통속적인
W
wage:pay, salary, earnings : 임금, 품삯
wake:rouse, waken, arouse, awaken, stimulate, activate, provoke, animate, motivate : 깨어있는
wakeful:watchful, vigilant, wary, observant, alert : 깨어있는, 잠이 오지 않는
wallow:flounder, roll : 허우적거리다, 바둥거리다
wander:ramble, rove, roam, stray, stroll, meander : 헤매다, 방랑하다
ware:good, merchandise : 상품, 제품, 도자기
warp:bend, deform, twist : 뒤틀다, 휘게하다
wary:alert, careful, cautious : 주의 깊은, 세심한
waste:squander, dissipate, lavish : 낭비하다, 허비하다
watchful:vigilant, alert, observant, attentive, heedful, careful, circumspect, cautious, wary : 조심하는
wave:undulate, fluctuate : 파도치다, 물결치다
weak:fragile, frail, delicate, feeble : 약한, 허약한
weaken:enfeeble, undermine, deplete, diminish, lessen, lower, reduce, impair, minimize:약화시키다
weakness:flaw, defect, fault : 약함, 우유부단, 약점
wealth:abundance, profusion : 부유한, 풍부한
wear-out:exhausted : 고갈된, 다 써버린
wearisome:tiresome, boring, tedious, irksome, monotonous, prosaic, dull : 지루한, 피곤하게 하는
weary:exhausted, tired, wearied, fatigued : 싫증난, 피곤한
weave:intertwine, twist, curl, meander, twine, spiral, coil : 엮다, 뜨다
weigh:consider, ponder, contemplate : 심사숙고하다, 신중히 고려하다
wet:drenched, dampened, moistened, moist, humid : 젖은, 축축한, 습기있는
whim:caprice, whimsy : 변덕스러운, 일시적인 기분
whip:lash, beat, flog, thrash, beat : 채찍질하다, 두드리다
whirl:spin, rotate, revolve, wheel : 핑핑 돌다, 회전하다
wholesale*:extensive, indiscriminate : 도매의, 대규모의
wholesome:healthful, healthy, salutary : 건강에 좋은, 유익한
wicked:evil, immoral, impious, profane, blasphemous, corrupt, vicious, vile : 사악한, 나쁜
widespread:extensive, prevalent, sweeping : 만연된, 널리퍼진
wild:1. untamed, undomesticated : 야생의, 자생의
2. violent, furious, boisterous, tempestuous, frantic : 화난, 성난
wily:shrewd, cunning, crafty : 교활한, 꾀가 많은
win:obtain, gain, procure, secure, earn, acquire, attain : 이기다, 노력해서 얻다
wise:judicious, sensible, sagacious, rational, reasonable, sage : 슬기로운, 현명한
withdraw:retire, retreat, secede : 물러나다, 빼다
wither:fade, decay, decline, wilt, languish : 시들다, 움츠려들다
withhold:reserve, retain, hold back : 보류하다
witness:1. see, perceive, observe, watch, notice : 목격하다
2. testimony, evidence : 목격자, 증인
witty:amusing, clever, comic : 재치있는 익살맞은
woe:distress, affliction, sorrow, grief, anguish, agony : 불행, 재난
wonder:surprise, astonishment, amazement, awe, bewilderment : 놀라다, 이상히 여기다
wonderful:marvelous, remarkable, awesome, startling, prodigious, astonishing, amazing,
phenomenal : 이상한, 훌륭한
workmanship:handicraft, handiwork : 기량, 솜씨
worry:trouble, torment, annoy, plague, pester, vex, tease, harry, harass, molest,
irritate, disturb : 걱정하다
worship:revere, respect, venerate, adore : 예배, 숭배
worthy:worthwhile, deserving : 가치있는, 훌륭한
wound:injure, hurt : 상처, 부상당하다
wrap:cover, envelop, muffle : 감싸다, 감추다
wrath:anger, ire, rage, resentment, indignation, fury : 격노, 분노
wreck:destroy, devastate, ruin, shatter : 난파, 조난
wretched:miserable, pitiable, dejected, distressed, pitiful : 비참한, 불쌍한
Y
yawn:gape : 하품하다
yearn:crave, desire, want : 동경하다, 그리워하다
yearning:longing, craving, desire : 동경, 열망, 그리움
yield:1. produce, bear : 산출하다
2. surrender, submit, concede : 양보하다
Z
zeal:passion, enthusiasm, fervor, ardor, zealousness : 열심, 열성
zealous:ardent, enthusiastic, eager, earnest, fervent, passionate : 열심인, 열광적인
zenith:apex, peak, tip : 천장
zest:gusto, heartiness, eagerness : 열정, 강한 흥미
zone:area, area, region, district, section : 지대, 지역
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