상품DB/싱가포르 하수 폐기물 시장동향(2014.9)/하수 찌꺼기

[piaazhead]

제목

싱가포르 하수 폐기물 시장동향(2014.9)

게시일

2015-12-11

국가

싱가포르

작성자

오새봄(싱가포르무역관)

품목

하수 찌꺼기

품목코드

382520

작성일자: 2014.9.2

작성자: 싱가포르 무역관 Samantha Ho (samantha@kotra.or.kr)

1. Singapore Status of Treatment and Reuse of Sewage and Waste Water

□ Total Market Size

 ○ Water demand in Singapore is currently about 400 million gallons a day (mgd), with homes consuming 45% and the non-domestic sector taking up the rest. By 2060, total demand could almost double, with the non-domestic sector accounting for about 70%.

 ○ The supply and sales of potable water, industrial water and used treated water in Singapore record growth trend over the years.

     (Unit: Million m³)

Type	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Potable Water	468.0	476.1	478.4	490.9	498.6
NEWater	72.0	96.4	102.4	111.4	114.1
Industrial Water	21.9	24.5	23.1	25.3	27.6
Used Treated Water	515.3	542.1	558.0	575.0	585.2

     Source: Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore

 ○ In 2006, the government committed S$330 million to fund innovation and capability development in the industry.  In 2011, an additional S$140 million was allocated, bringing the total amount committed to S$470 million. With these commitments, the industry should see its value-added contribution to the GDP grow from S$0.5 billion in 2003 to S$1.7 billion in 2015. The Environment and Water Industry Programme Office(EWI) in Singapore notes that growth of this industry sector is making Singapore a leadng base for water companies to capitalize on growth opportunities. EWI says Singapore is well-positioned to take advantage of the thriving US$52.8 billion industrial water market, one of the fastest growing segment in the global market. Singapore companies secured S$274 million in 13 overseas projects in 2013, with the emphasis shifting outside of Singapore to transform and further streamline business development activities and operations in providing sophisticated water treatment technology for industries with stringent water quality requirements.   

 ○ According to Singapore Economic Development Board, the number of water-realted companies had tripled since 2006 to around 150 water companies while 26 research centres have been established.

□ Plants and Operation Status

 ○ Due to sound watershed management, effective water treatment processes and continued investments in research and development, Singapore have been enjoying good quality water for the last four decades. Singapore’s tap water is well within the World Health Organisation drinking water guidelines, and is suitable for drinking without any further filtration.

 ○ Raw water from various sources is conveyed by pipelines to the waterworks where it is chemically treated, filtered and disinfected. Treatment frees the water of harmful bacteria and suspended particulate matters including those in the micron range, makes it clear, sparkling, odourless, colourless, and safe for consumption.

 ○ Most treatment plants use chemical coagulation and rapid gravity filtration to remove suspended particulate matters in the raw water. For chemical coagulation, correct doses of suitable coagulants and coagulant-aids are added to the raw water to combine or 'flocculate' the colloidal and larger particles of suspended matter. This causes the suspended matter to settle more readily and then be removed in the sedimentation tank. The water is then passed through rapid gravity filters which remove the finer particles of suspended matter.

 ○ At Chestnut Avenue and Choa Chu Kang Waterworks, the suspended particles are removed by membrane filtration. The filtered water, on its way to the clear water tank, where it is temporarily stored, is disinfected with chlorine to get rid of all harmful bacteria and viruses. Finally, the water goes through a series of water quality tests before it is piped to the customers.

 ○ Aluminium sulphate is the main coagulant. In most cases, hydrated lime is also added to adjust the pH of the raw water for the best flocculation results. Polyelectrolyte is used as a coagulant aid. For disinfection, chlorine is used to destroy the bacteria and viruses. Ozone is used, as well as chlorine, at Choa Chu Kang and Bedok Waterworks. Ammonia is added in the treated water containing free chlorine to form a stable chlorine residual. Activated carbon is also used to remove any bad taste and odour.

 ○ Sodium silicofluoride is added to the water on its way from the filters to the clear water tank. Fluoridation is a requirement by the Ministry of Health and has been a practice since 1957. It helps in the prevention of dental caries.

 ○ Singapore's water is moderately soft and is safe to drink straight from the tap. To ensure that water supply is clean and safe, water samples are regularly collected and analyzed chemically and bacteriologically at the Water Testing Laboratory. Samples of water at various stages of treatment at all waterworks, raw water from all sources, treated water from all service reservoirs and selected points in the distribution network are collected for daily or periodic analysis.

 ○ Wastewater in Singapore is treated at Water Reclamation Plants before discharged into water courses. The major wastewater/ sewage treatment plants are:

  - Bedok Water Reclamation Plant

  - Changi Water Reclamation Plant

  - Jurong Water Reclamation Plant

  - Kim Chuan Water Reclamation Plant

  - Kranji Water Reclamation Plant

  - Seletar Water Reclamation Plant

  - Serangoon Sludge Treatment Works

  - Tuas Water Reclamation Plant

  - Ulu Panda Water Reclamation Plant

     Of these, four are already turned into NEWater Plants which not only treat wastewater but also turns them into water supply resource. Reclaimed water is used in industries or recharged into the water reservoirs instead of directly supplied to the pipelines.

 ○ NEWater Plants:

  - Bedok Water Reclamation Plant

  - Kranji Water Reclamation Plant

  - Seletar Water Reclamation Plant

  - Ulu Pandan Water Relamation Plant

 ○ NEWater is a high-grade reclaimed water produced from treated used water that is purified further using advanced membrane technologies, making the water ultra-clean and safe to drink. NEWater has passed more than 100,000 scientific tests and surpasses World Health Organisation requirements. Because it is ultra clean, NEWater is ideal for industry use, such as wafer fabrication processes. NEWater is supplied to wafer fabrication, electronics and power generation industries for process use as well as commercial and institutional complexes for air-con cooling purposes. This frees up potable water for domestic use.

 ○ Singapore water agency PUB also blends a small percentage of the NEWater with the reservoir water. During dry months, a small amount, on average up to about 2.5% of total daily water consumption, of NEWater is introduced into our reservoirs where it is blended with the raw water before undergoing conventional treatment at the waterworks for supply to the public.

 ○ NEWater can meet 30% of Singapore’s total water demand. The plan is to expand NEWater capacity so that it meets up to 55% of our demand by 2060. There are 17 water reservoirs in Singapore. Singapore is 100 per cent served by modern sanitation today. Used water is collected through a network of sewerage pipes that leads directly to the water reclamation plants. Currently, there are four Water Reclamation Plants and treating about 223,200 Olympic-size swimming pools of used water per year. The treated water meets international standards stipulated by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organisation.

□ Government Policy and Regulations

 ○ Ensuring Supply of Water for All

  - Singapore depends on four sources for its water supply – local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water. Known as the Four National Taps, this diversified water supply strategy ensures Singaporeans of a robust supply of water for generations to come.

 ○ Conserving Water Resources

  - While Singapore can continue to expand water supply, ways to manage demand and conserve precious water resources are also being looked at. As Singapore’s population and economy grows, water need to be used wisely to ensure sustainability.

 ○ Encouraging Ownership of Waterway

  - Besides ensuring the cleanliness and health of Singapore’s waterway network, Singaporeans are encouraged to take joint ownership of water by using it wisely and keeping waterways, waterbodies and catchment areas clean.

 ○ Related Laws

  - Water Pollution

   · The National Environment Agency(NEA) regulates water pollution and quality in Singapore's sewerage system, as well as inland water bodies and coastal areas. Given Singapore's limited water resources, it is critical that water pollution and quality are carefully monitored and regulated.

  - Sewerage System

   · Singapore's public sewerage system serves all industrial estates and almost all residential premises. The Public Utilities Board(PUB) administers the Sewerage and Drainage Act(SDA) and the Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations to regulate the sewerage system and the treatment and discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewers, respectively.

  - All wastewater is required to be discharged into the public sewerage system. The discharge of wastewater into open drains, canals and rivers is regulated by the Environmental Protection and Management Act(EPMA) and the Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations. The EPMA and its Regulations are administered by NEA’s Pollution Control Department(PCD). Industrial wastewater must be treated to specified standards before being discharged into a sewer or watercourse (if the public sewer is not available).

  - Additionally, industries generating large quantities of acidic effluent are required to install a pH monitoring and shut-off control system to prevent the discharge of acidic effluent into public sewers. Industries may apply to PUB for permission to directly discharge their trade effluent containing biodegradable pollutants into public sewers with a tariff payment. The tariff determined by their biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids oading exceeding the allowable standards.

□ Market Trend and Policy Trend

 ○ These trends will be directed by these key targets:

  - Increase supply of water from non-conventional sources such as desalination and water recycling to meet up to 30% and 50% of future water needs by 2060.

  - Reduce daily per capita domestic water consumption to 147 litres by 2020, and 140 litres by 2030.

  - Partner the Public, Private, Partnership sectors to generate greater awareness of the importance of conserving, valuing and enjoying water and develop a sense of shared ownership of our water resources.

 ○ Efforts to grow the water industry in Singapore into a global leader has paid off, with more companies joining the sector and others making headway into global markets amid surging demand for residential and industrial water solutions. Over the past decade, much emphasis has been placed on making water and environmental technologies a key growth sector in Singapore. As regulations are tightened and companies become more concerned about environmental sustainability, Singapore is well-positioned to benefit from demand for industrial water.The water industry includes firms in engineering, procurement and construction, operations and maintenance and technology al centred on water. Local companies have also branched out from their traditional focus on engineering, procurement and construction opportunities and are entering other parts of the value chain. For example, Singapore companies own municipal wastewater assets in China that treat up to one million cubic metres of wastewater a day. Other companies which are not traditionally in the water space like listed property and engineering company Tee International and green technology company Utraco have also been embarking on water projects, while local start-up Medad Technologies will be building a desalination plant that treats reverse osmosis reject water for a cement factory in Saudi Arabia.    

 ○ The Policy Trend and Plans involve:

  - Providing Water for All

   · Singapore rely on a few different water sources to help ensure that supply remains stable at all times. To improve the sustainability of water supply, research and development efforts in water and used water technologies are promoted, while also ensuring that  potable water quality is of high standards.

  - Encouraging Water Conservation

   · On top of securing supply, Singapore seek to reduce water consumption of both households and non-domestic sectors, actively promoting the use of water-efficient household fittings and appliances and continue to work with various non-domestic sectors to manage their water demand.

  - Educating on the Value of Water

   · The community is encouraged to improve their water-using habits and educate them on the implications of living in water catchment areas.

  - Enjoying Water Resources

   · Singapore water resources also provide recreational spaces. Singaporeans are encouraged to take ownership of them while enjoying these resources.

     (Source: Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore)

2. Major Companies

□ Percentage of sewage treatment companies in water industry

 ○ In Singapore, there are established companies with expertise in a wide range of water management areas, including desalination, water treatment and municipal and industrial wastewater treatment projects. Singapore based companies also offer extensive technical and research and development expertise including a range of treatment methods and proprietary technologies. According to Singapore Economic Development Board, today, Singapore is recognized as a ‘Global Hydrohub’ with about 150 water companies. These companies represent the entire value chain of the water industry, spanning from upstream component players (e.g. membrane and pumps manufacturers), equipment OEMs, and system integrators, to downstream Engineering, Procurement, Construction players and project developers. The percentage of sewage treatment companies in the water industry is Singapore is about 30%.

□ Major Companies’ Specifics

 ○ Hyflux Limited

  - Hyflux is one of the world’s leading fully-integrated water solutions companies, with operations and projects in Southeast Asia, China, India, the Middle East and North Africa. Hyflux is committed to providing cost-effective and sustainable solutions in seawater desalination, water recycling, wastewater treatment, including membrane bioreactor(MBR) and potable water treatment. Hyflux’s track record includes Singapore’s first water recycling plant and two seawater reverse osmosis(SWRO) desalination plants, and China’s largest SWRO desalination plant in Tianjin City. The company is building one of the world’s largest SWRO desalination plants in Magtaa, Algeria.

 ○ Keppel Seghers Engineering Singapore Pte Ltd

  - Keppel Seghers, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Keppel Infrastructure group, provides consultancy, design and engineering, technology development, construction, operation and maintenance of plants and facilities, as well as investments in large-scale environmental projects.Keppel Seghers’ advanced technology solutions address a wide spectrum of environmental issues such as solid waste, wastewater, sludge treatment, potable water, and desalination.

  - Keppel Seghers has executed more than 350 water and wastewater projects and more than 100 waste-to-energy projects in more than 25 countries worldwide. The strong track record of successful projects includes the Domestic Solid Waste Management Centre in Qatar and the Keppel Seghers Ulu Pandan NEWater Plant in Singapore.

 ○ Semcorp Industries Ltd

  - Sembcorp owns and operates facilities capable of treating industrial wastewater from multiple sources, including China’s first facility capable of treating high concentration industrial waste water directly from source without pre-treamtent from customers. In addition, the company owns and operates the world’s largest operating hybrid desalination plant in Fujairah, UAE, as well as an upcoming power and water plant in Oman.

 ○ CPG Consultants Pte Ltd

  - CPG Consultants provides the full spectrum of professional design and development consultancy. Their comprehensive range of services include, master planning & urban design, architectural design, green design, transportation &environmental engineering, infrastructure engineering, civil & structural engineering, mechanical & electrical engineering and quantity surveying services. Some of their notable environmental engineering projects include the Changi Water Reclamation Plant and Punggol Serangoon Reservoir Scheme (Singapore), Industrial Water & Wastewater Treatment Plants (China), Beetham Wastewater Recycling Project (Trinidad), Caroni Water Resource Study (Trinidad) and Macau Water Recycling Study (Macau).

 ○ Toray Asia Pte Ltd

  - Toray Industries Inc. is a leading chemical manufacturer founded in 1926. Integrating its core technologies, Toray manufactures wide range of high performance membranes for water treatment such as RO/NF membrane, PVDF hollow fibre (MF/UF) and MBR for applications around the world

 ○ United Envirotech Ltd  

  - United Envirotech Ltd(UEL) is an environmental solution provider focusing on water and wastewater treatment. The company has become a leading membrane based water & wastewater treatment and reclamation solution provider in China’s chemical, petrochemical and industrial park sectors. UEL has designed and built several of the largest wastewater treatment plants in Asia using the MBR technology.

 ○ Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies(SEA) Pte Ltd

  - Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies(VWS) is a water and wastewater specialist executive on a global scale through local teams in 60 countries. VWS’s extensive range of technologies and services coupled with its design and build capabilities, meet the diverse needs of both municipalities and industries.

  - VWS addresses economic and environmental challenges of their customers by optimizing the water treatment plant performances, developing alternative resources and by taking steps to reduce the environmental footprint of customers’ activities.

  - Focus areas: Standard packages for recycling & reuse, industrial services &solutions: Hydrex™ water treatment additives, Service deionization(SDI), Aquamove™ mobile water solutions etc.

 ○ YTL Powerseraya Pte Ltd

  - YTL PowerSeraya core business is centred on generation and retailing of electricity, we are also fast becoming a diversified Energy Company, which includes supplying utility services such as electricity, steam and cooling water, engaging in oil trading, and producing water through Reverse Osmosis Desalination, for own use or for sale to large industrial and commercial customer base.

 ○ Black & Veatch (SEA) PTe Ltd

  - Black & Veatch is an employee-owned, global leader in building Critical Human Infrastructure™ in Energy, Water, Telecommunications and Government Services.

  - Black & Veatch has been involved in the development of Singapore’s water and used water infrastructure since 1922. The company has played an important role on dozens of major water and used water projects including more recently the Sembcorp NEWater Plant, SingSpring Desalination Plant, Tuas Spring Desalination Plant, Jurong Water Reclamation Plant MBR Implementation and Chestnut

 ○ Envipure Pte Ltd

  - Envipure is an environmental engineering company dedicated to provide technological solutions to safeguard the environment and public health, to meet industrial process water needs and to generate renewable energy. The know-how and proprietary technologies are focused in air and odor pollution control, water and waste-water treatment and generation of climate-friendly renewable energy though mini-hydro, biogas and solar-PV.

 ○ Evoqua Water Technologies Pte Ltd

  - Evoqua Water Technologies a leader in water and wastewater treatment products, systems and services for industrial and municipal customers. Its comprehensive, cost-effective and reliable treatment systems and services add value for customers, ensure uninterrupted quantity and quality of water, and enable environmental regulatory compliance. With a wide range of proven product brands and advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies, mobile emergency water supply solutions and service contract options. Evoqua helps cities provide clean water and industrial plants to maintain productivity and profitability.

 ○ GE Betz Singapore Pte Ltd

  - The company offers advanced technology, products and services to solve any water or process challenge~ chemicals are designed to protect equipment against damage, such as corrosion, increase plant reliability, and promote water savings and recycling. It is ultimately a services business as customers demand expertise that will assure improvements. GE Betz’s filtration technologies are used to clean and purify water for a variety of industrial and municipal applications.

 ○ Ion Exchange Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

  - Ion Exchange Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. is a Singapore-based water treatment company specializing in Filtration, Demineralization, Condensate polishing, Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafilteration, Waste Water, Sewage Treatment etc. Overseas offices are in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.

 ○ Kinetic Process Systems Pte Ltd

  - Kinetics provides engineering construction design, build, install and project management capabilities in semiconductor, solar, biopharmaceutical and general industries. Specializing  in industrial ultra-high purity process systems for chemical and specialty gas piping, process bulk chemical storage and distribution, toxic gas monitoring and alarm, process control, ultra-pure and DI water, industrial wastewater treatment, acid and solvent abatement, process equipment hookup, and other specialty systems for advanced technology facilities.

 ○ Memstar Technology Ltd

  - Memstar Technology Ltd is a Singapore home-grown membrane company, specializing in the development, manufacture and application of PVDF hollow fibre membrane and related products for water and wastewater treatment and pre-treatments for seawater desalination. With its R&D strength and advanced manufacturing facilities, Memstar has become one of the few leading manufacturers of high performance PVDF hollow fibre membranes in the world. The company’s products have been sold to China, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Canada, USA, Columbia and Spain.

 ○ Meiden Singapore Pte Ltd

  - Meiden Singapore has an enduring reputation as a technological powerhouse in the local and regional power transmission & distribution industry. It is the only power technology company in this region to span the entire value chain of R&D, design, manufacture, sales as well as engineering, tests, laboratory and maintenance services. To embrace an increasingly environmentally-aware era, Meiden is leveraging on its technological base to diversify into water treatment solutions, smart grid, pure electric motors and several other eco-age technologies.

 ○ Pan Asia Holdings Ltd

  - Pan Asian Holdings Limited has grown to become a leading supplier in the delivery of high quality piping system solutions for water infrastructure projects in the Asia Pacific region. Besides manufacturing its own brands, the Company is today, exclusive agents for more than 20 well-known international brands of piping and related products from the US, Japan, UK and Europe. In recent years, Pan Asian Holdings has diversified into the marine, oil and gas, as well as renewable energy sectors due to an increasing trend of growth in these industries.

 ○ Pentair Water Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

  - Pentair is a global water, fluid, thermal management, and equipment protection partner with industry leading products, services, and solutions that fit your changing needs. We aim to deliver the adaptive, industry-leading solutions that help ensure a safer, healthier future for all. Pentair works at the very center of global commerce, providing critical inputs to a wide range of essential industries. From Filtration and Processing to Flow Management, and from Equipment Protection to Thermal Management. Across all the businesses and industries, we seek to create and add value with existing resources and tap the power of new approaches to achieve more effective methods and sustainable outcomes.

 ○ Rehau Pte Ltd

  - Rehau delivers ‘Unlimited Polymer Solutions,’ and is the premium worldwide brand for polymer-based innovations and systems in construction, automotive and industry.

  - Rehau offers solutions such as Raustorm Box System, an innovative, modular and flexible rainwater management solution that offers the most efficient solution for all requirements relating to retention and storage of rainwater. And Raubioxon Plus aerator with silicone membrane provides aeration for the biological treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater that offers long - term saving in power consumption and lower maintenance cost.

 ○ Tritech Group Limited

  - Tritech Engineering & Testing (Singapore) Pte Ltd, is a specialist engineering service provider formed by a competent team of researchers and professionals. It is currently a leading specialist contractor in Singapore for Geotechnical Instrumentation, Automatic Real Time Monitoring, Geotechnical and Geological Investigations for construction of surface/ underground infrastructures &buildings, and water treatment & desalination systems. The company is also conducting R&D in Geotechnical & Rock Cavern Engineering, as well as Water Technology. Tritech

 ○ WOG Technologies Pte Ltd

  - WOG Technologies provides delegated management of water, waste water services and renewable energy generation for industrial and municipal client. It designs the technological solutions and builds the facilities required for these services. WOG Technologies offers unique and sustained solutions for its customers for their specific needs through a vast range of services and innovative solutions. It handles every step in water cycle for public authorities including withdrawing water, produce and convey the drinking water. It also provides the services of conveying waste water, its treatment, recycle, distribute to the industries and environment.

 ○ Xylem Water Solutions Pte Ltd

  - The company does business in more than 150 countries through a number of market-leading product brands, and its people bring broad applications expertise with a strong focus on finding local solutions to the world’s most challenging water and wastewater problems. Launched from the spinoff of the water-related businesses of ITT Corporation, Xylem is headquartered in Rye Brook, NY 10573, with 2011 revenues of $3.8 billion worldwide, enabling customers to transport, treat, test and efficiently use water in public utility, residential and commercial building services, industrial and agricultural settings.

 ○ Darco Water Technologies Ltd

  - Darco is a provider of integrated engineering and knowledge-based water treatment solutions and wastewater treatment. Originally established to design, fabricate, assemble, install, commission and service engineered water systems for industrial use in Singapore and Malaysia, the Group has since expanded into air management system, soil remediation and solid-waste recycling.

 ○ Boustead Salcon Water Solutions Pte Ltd

  - Boustead Salcon Water Solutions(BSWS) is a leading global water & wastewater engineering specialist for the energy sector and Singapore’s largest ion exchange specialist in the energy sector. BSWS’ in-depth domain expertise and vast experience focuses on seawater desalination, ion exchange and wastewater recycling. With more than 800 installations in 60 countries worldwide, BSWS has delivered projects across the oil & gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, power, semiconductor and special defence industries, as well as for municipal authorities.

 ○ Nitto Denko (Singapore) Pte Ltd

  - Nitto Denko began production of high-polymer separation membranes (reverse-osmosis membranes, ultrafiltration membranes) in 1976 and now offer products and technical services from over 20 destinations around the world. These include our filtration film that helps protect water resources through seawater desalination and reuse of drainage water.

 ○ PWN Technologies Pte Ltd

  - PWN Technologies BV is a full subsidiary of PWN Water Supply Company North-Holland (PWN) in The Netherlands. PWN Technologies was founded to make innovations in surface water treatment for drinking water production  available to other drinking water companies around the world. The income generated by PWN Technologies is invested in R&D programmes, to strengthen PWN's position as an innovative water supply company.

 ○ CDM Smith

  - CDM Smith provides lasting and integrated solutions in water, environment, transportation, energy and facilities to public and private clients worldwide. Consistently ranked among the world's top service providers in water sector engineering, CDM Smith understands that water is a common denominator. CDM Smith also applies state-of–the-art planning tools for sustainable water management in cities. Our Singapore-based Neysadurai Centre provides clients with sophisticated and integrated solutions for their urban planning and design challenges. Using advanced decision-support simulation models, geographic information systems and efficient water management practices

 ○ DHI Water & Environment (S) Pte Ltd

  - DHI's experience in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines dates back to the 1970's. DHI Singapore office has been involved in the following large projects in Singapore. Environmental impact and monitoring management; Coastal, port engineering; Water resources management; Habitat and field surveys; Sediment and ecotoxicological laboratory testing; Chemical management