상품DB/싱가포르 에너지 절약기능 유리 시장동향(2014.5)/플로트유리(float glass)와 표면을 연마한 유리[시트(sheet) 모양으로 한정하고, 흡수층ㆍ반사층

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제목

싱가포르 에너지 절약기능 유리 시장동향(2014.5)

게시일

2015-12-11

국가

싱가포르

작성자

오새봄(싱가포르무역관)

품목

플로트유리(float glass)와 표면을 연마한 유리[시트(sheet) 모양으로 한정하고, 흡수층ㆍ반사층ㆍ무반사층인지에 상관없으며 그 밖의 방법으로 가공하지 않은 것으로 한정한다]

품목코드

7005

작성일자: 2014.5.20

작성자: 싱가포르 무역관 Samantha Ho (samantha@kotra.or.kr)

1. Demand Trend

□ Market Trend

 ○ Contracts for the built environment industry in Singapore is projected to reach between $31 billion and $38 billion in 2014, driven by strong public housing demand and anticipated higher construction demand for institutional developments and major infrastructure projects. This comes on the heels of the sector's strong performance in 2013, where total construction demand reached a historical high of $35.8 billion, exceeding the upper-bound projection of $34 billion in 2013 by about 5%.

  - Construction demand is measured by total value of construction contracts awarded. All construction demand figures stated here exclude reclamation projects.

 ○ Public sector projects are expected to contribute to the bulk of the industry's total demand at close to 60%, or between $19-22 billion. The expansion will be fuelled by an anticipated higher volume of contracts to be awarded for institutional and civil engineering construction works.

 ○ Meanwhile, private sector demand is expected to moderate to $12~16 billion in 2014, compared to $21 billion last year. The less favorable outlook is in view of the current market volatility amid the Singapore Government's multi-pronged approach to stabilize the property market, the substantial supply of completed housing units coming on-stream over the next few years, as well as the scaling back of new Government land sales for the first half of 2014.

 ○ For 2015 and 2016, average construction demand is projected to be sustained at between $25~34 billion per annum. 60% of the total demand is forecasted to come from building projects while the remaining 40% is expected to come from civil engineering projects.

  - Demand forecast beyond the immediate one year will be done on a rolling basis to take into account subsequent changes in economic outlook and other pertinent factors.

 ○ Total construction output, or payment for work done, was estimated to be about $33 billion for 2013, supported by stronger on-site activities from the construction of the Marina Coastal Expressway, Downtown MRT Line Stages 2 & 3, and both public and private residential developments. Outlook for on-site construction activities in the following years remains bright at between $34~36 billion for 2014 and $29~37 billion annually for 2015 and 2016, given the high level of contracts awarded since 2011.

  - Construction output is measured by total value of certified progress payments.

 ○ The effort of Building and Construction Authority(BCA) at developing a sustainable built environment have gained sufficient momentum and been well accepted by the industry. Many have responded enthusiastically to the BCA Green Mark Scheme – a scheme that recognizes the efforts of developers, architects and engineers in contributing to environmental sustainability in their development projects. Given the high visibility and impact of construction works, builders, one of the key players in the construction value-chain, the Green and Gracious Builder scheme has been introduced to raise the environmental consciousness and professionalism of builders. Together with BCA Green Mark Scheme, this scheme forms part of the holistic framework to shape a sustainable built environment for Singapore.

 ○ The Building Control Regulations of BCA had prescribed an envelope thermal performance standard know as Overall Thermal Transfer Value(OTTV) since 1979. The OTTV standard applies only to air-conditioned non-residential buildings application, with a major review of the OTTV formula carried out in the early 2000 to provide a more accurate measure of the thermal performance of building envelope. The new formula was given the name Envelops Thermal Transfer Value(ETTV) to differentiate it from the original OTTV formula, and this ETTV concept was extended in 2008 to cover residential buildings The ETTV takes into account the three basic components of heat gain through the external walls and windows of a building. These are:

  - Heat conduction through opaque walls

  - Heat conduction through glass windows

  - Solar radiation through glass windows

□ Market Size

Table: Review and Outlook for Construction Demand & Output

Year	Construction Demand (Value of Contracts Awarded)			Construction Output (Payment made for Work Done)
	Public	Private	Total
2013p	$14.8 billion	$21.0 billion	$35.8 billion	≈ $33 billion
2014f	$19 to 22 billion	$12 to 16 billion	$31 to 38 billion	$34 to 36 billion
2015f	$14 to 18 billion per year (60% from building projects & 40% from civil engineering projects)	-	$25 to 34 billion per year	$29 to 37 billion per year
2016f

Note: p: Preliminary, f: Forecast

 ○ For Building Work contracts awarded in earlier years, the following table presents an indication of the market size by building type:

        (Unit: Millions of US Dollars)

Type of Building	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Residential	5,298	7,361	11,074	6,734	11,487	15,298	11,037
Commercial	2,373	5,230	8,456	1,650	3,237	4,210	2,942
Industrial	5,511	6,968	3,741	2,040	4,790	6,221	5,030
Others	1,696	1,895	3,796	3,075	5,028	3,018	4,379
All Building Works	14,878	21,454	27,066	13,499	24,54	28,747	23,388

Source: Building and Construction Authority

2. Competitive Trends

□ Overview

 ○ Increased energy and raw material costs, reduction of carbon dioxide levels, efficient resource usage, and environmentally friendly production – all of these factors relate to current competitive trends in the glass industry.

 ○ Companies in this industry select, cut and install glass panels for large windows, glass doors, skylights, curtain walls and sunroom additions in all types of buildings; they also install window panes. The glasswork performed includes new work, additions, alterations, maintenance and repair installations. The industry is particularly sensitive to fluctuations in non-residential construction activity as it derives the majority of its revenue from work on office spaces and on commercial and institutional buildings. According to secondary market intelligence, window glass are categorized as flat glass and are an inherent part of the construction industry. The main markets for flat glass are the building (windows and facades) and automotive industries (windscreens, side and rear-side glazing, backlights and sunroofs). domestic furniture, appliances, mirrors and greenhouses.The dominant types of window where window glass are installed in Singapore market are typically classified according to the types of operation as follows:

  - fixed glass

  - casement

  - top hung

  - bottom hung (hopper)

  - sliding

  - louvred

  - bay window

  - Fixed Glass

   

   · Has a fixed glazed sash.

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light and for aesthetics purposes.

  - Casement Window

   

   · Sash opens on hinges, pivots or friction stays.

   · Allows airflow through almost the entire area of the window opening.

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light, allowing for natural ventilation and for aesthetics purposes.

  - Top Hung

   

   · Casement Window with Top Hung

   · Similar to casement window, except that the sash is connected by friction stays at the top of the window frame.

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light and allowing for natural ventilation.

  - Bottom Hung

   

   · Similar to top hung window, except that the sash is connected by friction stays at the bottom of the window frame.

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light and allowing for natural ventilation.

  - Slide Window

   

   · Consists of two or more sashes, which slide horizontally or vertically along tracks.

   · Does not require space for swinging of sashes, hence, useful at locations next to passage ways.

   · Except for specially designed window, not possible to achieve ventilation through the entire window opening.

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light, allowing natural ventilation and for aesthetics purposes.

  - Lourved Window

   

   · Comprises horizontal glass panes, which are either fixed at an angle, or adjustable to control the amount of light and ventilation through the window.

   · Designed mainly for admitting light and allowing for natural ventilation.

  - Bay Window

   

   · Generally comprises a series of windows assembled in a polygonal arrangement

   · Projects outward from the external facade of a building

   · Designed mainly for providing view, admitting light and allowing for natural ventilation.

 ○ The comprehensive range of window glass selection in Singapore market includes:

  - Double Glazed - Heat Insulation - Reduced Noise Intrusion - Additional Security
Comprising of two or more sheets of glass and between the glass is an aluminum spacer filled with dessicant. The aluminium spacer and sheets of glass are adhered and sealed by butyl and then polysulfide or silicone. Dry air is sealed in the air space, creating a low conductive barrier. The glass is processed with a primary seal of compressed polyisobutylene followed by a secondary seal using a two- part silicone.

  - Low-Emission Glass(Low-E) - Energy Saving - High Light Transmittance - Minimal Reflectance 
Sealed within an insulated unit, Low-E coatings selectively transmits the sun's visible light (short-wave radiation) while reflecting a majority of radiant heat (long-wave radiation). This Low-E coating is applied to glass substrate through state of the art magnetically enhanced vacuum deposition (sputtering) technology.

  - Laminated Glass - Safety - Sound Insulation - Solar reduction 
Laminated glass is also known as a type of safety glass which is produced in an autoclave. By compressing and heating one or more layers of Poly-Vinyl Butyral(PVB) between 2 or more sheets of glass. Most types of glass can be laminated in order to give increased safety.

  - Tempered Glass - Safety & Strength 
Tempered glass is glass that has been processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempered glass is made by processes which create balanced internal stresses which give the glass strength. It will usually shatter into small fragments instead of sharp shards when broken, making it less likely to cause severe injury and deep lacerations.

□ Other Competing Products

 ○ VariShade

  - VariShade is marketed as the epitome of window solutions that helps to regulate light, buffer against heat and sound, and save money in a single fitting. The layer of non-convective air in between glass panes reduces the amount of solar heat and sound transfer across the installation, offering a sense-pleasing indoor experience.

  - There is also cost savings aplenty from adopting VariShade as a window or façade glass. Firstly, maintenance hassle is reduced as materials used for the blind are hard-wearing and the enclosure of the blinds eliminates the need for cleaning. Secondly, the heat insulation properties of the unit minimize interior air-conditioning loading, which subsequently means energy efficiency and cheaper bills. It is the perfect light and privacy solution for conference rooms, office with East-West facings and even at home.

  - Available with an assortment of blinds in different colours and finishing, as well as your choice of glass panes, VariShade can be tailored to specific aesthetics and performance needs.

 ○ VariShield

  - VariShield offers the solution of uneven exposure to the Sun by intuitively tinting when heated by direct sunlight, hence eliminating the need for blinds, shades or curtains.

  - VariShield is a completely sunlight activated system.

  - VariShield which allows approximately 50% transmission of visible light on cloudy days, at night or even early in the morning, will continuously change the transmission in full sunlight to potentially 10% or less, depending on the sunlight angle and intensity. This reduced transmission also reduces the sunlight glare, heat and ultraviolet ray. It offers people a better environment to live, work & study in throughout the day.

  - The laminated insulated construction provides additional heat insulation which is most effective for warm climate. As VariShield automatically dims when there is direct sunlight, it is most suited for buildings with east and west facings.

  - VariShield adopts a thermochromic technology-approach. This means that the window use heat (thermo) to cause a ‘change in tint’ (chromic). When not receiving heat from direct sunlight, the window will be in its natural, clear state. When receiving heat from direct sunlight, the heat will cause the window to tint.

  - The variable light transmission tinting requires only that the glass be heated by direct sunlight; there are no wires, electrodes, power supplies, or control apparatus required.

3. Retail Pricing Trends & Distribution Trend

□ Retail Prices

                          (Unit: m²)

S/n	Description	Indicative Retail Prices (S$)
(1)	5㎜ thick green grey/ grey tinted float glass in panes	49.00
(2)	6㎜ thick obscured wired rough cast glass louvers	59.00
(3)	casement window	216~252

Source: Housing &Development Board, Singapore

 ○ Other market sources provide information that laminated glass costs about S$1,000 per square metre for retail installation.

□ Import Prices

 ○ HS Code 70051010

  - Product: Optical Float Surface Ground or Polished Non-Wired Glass Sheets with Absorbent Reflecting or Non Reflecting Layer, not optically worked

Price per unit

            (Unit: S$)

Country	2011	2012	2013
China	15.95	14.10	45.86
Spain	0	0	173.47
United States	0	138.46	223
Luxembourg	0	0	41.96
Switzerland	100.0	0	0
Other Countries	0	107.14	0
Average Price	16.22	17.66	48.60

      Source: Statlink, International Enterprise, Singapore

 ○ HS Code 7005110

  - Product: Optical Float Surface Ground or Polished Non-Wired Glass Sheets, Coloured, Opacified etc, not optically worked

Price per unit

            (Unit: S$)

Country	2011	2012	2013
China	1000.0	800.0	44.33
United States	168.12	0	500.0
Other Countries	0	11.76	0
Average Price	170.52	34.29	46.45

      Source: Statlink, International Enterprise, Singapore

 ○ HS Code 70052910

  - Product: Other Optical Float Surface Ground or Polished Non-Wired Glass Sheets, not optically worked

Price per unit

            (Unit: S$)

Country	2011	2012	2013
Japan	500.0	7.51	7.93
China	17.07	8.03	9.78
United States	37.55	29.67	181.03
Belgium	24.96	26.92	15.65
Malaysia	284.21	6.70	0
Other Countries	12.94	31.19	0
Average Price	17.52	8.79	8.15

      Source: Statlink, International Enterprise, Singapore

□ Distribution System

 ○ This distribution structure is adopted by companies such Singapore Safety Glass Pte Ltd(SSG) and Carlton Glass Enterprise Pte Ltd, which market their respective manufactured window glass to architects and professional engineers of building and architectural projects and buildings contractors. SSG has a portfolio of a more than 30 glass product types, more than 1,250 projects in over 20 countries. This multi products approach creates business opportunities to grow market share, to meet a wide array of glass requirements by choosing the best solution among the product offerings.

 ○ This distribution structure is adopted by AGC Flat Glass Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, which works with its head office, Japan-based Asahi Glass Co., Ltd, a world-leading manufacturer of flat glass to market sustainable building and infrastructure solutions.

 ○ This distribution structure is adopted by distributors in Singapore, such as Glasspoint Construction Pte Ltd, A Glascon Pte Ltd, Glimex Marketing Pte Ltd.

4. Quality Certification System

□ The Building and Construction Authority(BCA) is an agency under the Ministry of National Development, championing the development of an excellent built environment for Singapore. ‘Built environment’ refers to buildings, structures and infrastructure in surroundings that provide the setting for the community’s activities. According to BCA, the type and quality of window glass should comply with BS 952: Parts 1 and 2. Other glass types include:

 ○ Laminated glass complying with SS 341

 ○ Heat strengthened glass complying with SS 341

 ○ Toughened glass complying with SS 341

□ BCA regulates that if glass is used in any of the critical areas mentioned below for any project, the following requirements shall apply:

 ○ Glass used as a part or whole of safety barrier

  - Where glass is used as a part or whole of a safety barrier, which is required to comply with Clause H on Safety from Falling in the Fifth Schedule of the Building Control Regulations (on Objectives and Performance Requirements for the Design and Construction of Buildings), it should be laminated glass. The laminated glass must comply with Singapore Standard SS341:2001 – Specification for Safety Glazing Materials for use in Buildings.

 ○ Glass used as a part or whole of Building Facade, Roof, Canopy or other Overhead Glazing

  - Where glass is used as a part or whole of a building facade, roof, canopy or other overhead glazing (such as sunshade, fins or rain shield) locating at a height of 2.4m or above, it may be float glass, heat strengthened glass, tempered glass, laminated glass or any other types of glass. Regardless of the type used, the glass must comply with Singapore Standard SS341:2001 – Specification for Safety Glazing Materials for use in Buildings.

 ○ Specifically, if monolithic tempered glass, heat-soaked tempered glass or any other type of glass that is prone to spontaneous breakage is used here, the design of the building shall provide for suitable protection such as installation of screens or shields, or presence of canopies or ledges, to protect people from injuries in the event of breakage of such glass element.

 ○ This Singapore Standard on window specifies materials, construction, finishes, hardware and performance standards for. It also provides recommended coordinating sizes. This standard does not relate to secondary inner windows and louvre windows. For windows along open corridors, they do not have to be tested for water tightness. Any windows or fixed glass panels below the height of barrier shall comply with the Building Control Regulations.

  References:

  - http://www.singaporestandardseshop.sg/product/product.aspx?id=6d84475c-c7c5-4e5a-9ab8-347741fcd64c

  - http://www.singaporestandardseshop.sg/data/ECopyFileStore/071025182643Preview%20-%20SS%20212-2007.pdf

  - BS 952: 1995 Glass for glazing Part 1 - Classification into three glass compositions - soda lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass and glass ceramics. BS 952: 1980 Part 2 - Defines terminology for work on glass.

 ○ For the related Windows which are typically installed with glass materials, the Key Legislative Requirements are:

  - Minimum performance standard of windows

   · It is stipulated in the Building Control Regulations that the design andinstallation of windows shall at least meet SPRING Singapore's SS 212, which specifies the technical requirements of aluminium alloy windows that are commonly installed in Singapore.

  - One-off retrofitting exercise

   · There is a retrofitting requirement for casement windows fitted with aluminium rivets to be retrofitted with stainless steel rivets. The retrofitting of casement windows applies to residential buildings only (excluding bungalows, semi-detached/terrace/linked houses).

  - Approved contractors

   · The installation and retrofitting of windows are to be carried out by an approved contractor registered with the BCA Contractors Registry under the Regulation Workhead (RW01 – Window Contractors). The approved contractor must be a registered company with at least 2 trained window installers in the firm as a pre-requisite for registration.

     Such conditions are imposed to ensure that only trained personnel that have experience in installation and retrofitting of windows are allowed to carry out the works. Only contractors registered under the workhead of RW01 can carry out installation and retrofitting of windows for private and public projects. The details on the registration requirements are posted on our BCA website under the ‘Contractors Registry’ at www.bca.gov.sg

 ○ Standards for the building and construction industry enhances quality and safety, facilitate access to overseas business opportunities, simplify the design and planning of a building, set guidelines to good business and management practices and for the implementation of new technologies and ultimately improve the standard of living for the occupants of buildings.