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The growing individualism showed itself in a desire for privacy. In the seventeenth century middle-class and wealthier families were served by servants, who listened to their conversation as they ate. They lived in rooms that led one to another, usually through wide double doors. Not even the bedrooms were private. But in the eighteenth century families began to eat alone, preferring to serve themselves than to have servants listening to everything they had to say. They also rebuilt the insides of their homes, putting in corridors, so that every person in the family had their own private bedroom. |
[구문분석]
1. 3형식 문장
[The growing individualism] s showed v itself o (in a desire | for privacy). |
=> 1. 목적어 하나를 취하는 동사이다.
I like apples. (단어; 명사)
I want to eat an apple. (구; to 부정사구)
I know that you like apples. (절; that절)
2. ★동사와 목적어★ 암기하자!!!!
(1) 목적어로 to 부정사만 가능한 동사
want, hope, decide, manage, agree, afford, refuse, pretend, fail, would like 등
She wants to go abroad next year.
He managed to pass the driver's licence test.
I can't afford to buy a car.
He refused to help me.
Don't fail to lock the doors when you leave the office.
(2) 목적어로 동명사만 가능한 동사
stop, mind, enjoy, finish, avoid, consider, allow, suggest, dislike, feel like 등
Do you mind joining us for lunch?
We enjoy playing soccer on Saturdays.
He has just finished writing a letter.
I am considering employing a computer programmer.
She suggested going to the movies.
2. 수동태 문장과 관계대명사 계속적 용법
(In the seventeenth century) [middle-class and wealthier families]s were served v (by servants), [who s listened to v`their conversation o as they s ate v]. |
=> 1형식의 수동태 문장을 3형식의 원래 형태로 바꾸면 Servants served middle-class and wealthier families in the seventeenth century. 이 된다.
=> 선행사 servants를 보충해주는 who는 계속적 용법으로 쓰였다. 이 때, who는 문맥상 접속사 (and, but, for, though)+대명사로 바꿔 써 줄 수 있다. 위의 예문에서 의미상, 대등한 연결을 하고 있으므로, and they로 써 준다.
3. 주격 관계대명사 that
[They]s lived v (in rooms) [that led v` one to another, usually (through wide double doors)]. |
=> that 주격이나 목적격의 who나 which를 대신한다.
He is the boy that(=who) called on me yesterday.
I have many friends that(=whom) I can trust.
We are waiting for the bus that(=which) goes to the City Hall.
※ 전치사 다음은 that을 쓸 수 없고 꼭 whom이나 which를 써야 한다.
The woman for that I was waiting didn't appear. (×)
The house in that I live is a very old one. (×)
4. 부정어 Not이 문두에 위치한다.
(Not) (even) [the bedrooms] s were v private c. |
=> 부정어 Not이 문두에 위치할 때 문장 전체를 부정으로 해석해준다.
5. 목적격 관계대명사 생략
(But) (in the eighteenth century) [families]s began v to eat o (alone), [preferring to serve themselves (than to have servants) listening to everything (they had to say)]. |
=> ,prefering to 비교구문을 취하면사 분사구문이 쓰였다. 이 때 to부정사의 병렬구조를 이루어 than 뒤에 to+동사원형을 써 준다.
=> 문맥상, 모든 것을 『~들어주는』『~하는』의 능동의 의미로 앞에 있는 명사 servants를 수식해주므로 현재분사를 써 준다. 이 때 servants 앞에 have를 사역동사로 착각하여 have + 목적어 + 동사원형의 형태를 써 주면 안 된다는 것을 기억하고 문맥에 맞게 써야한다.
=> 목적격 관계대명사 whom or that의 생략으로 everything과 주격 they 사이에 관계사가 있었음을 유의하여 they had to say 형용사절이 앞에 있는 선행사 everything을 수식해준다.
6. so that 의 결과적 용법
[They]s (also) rebuilt v the insides o (of their homes), [putting in corridors], so that [every person (in the family)] s had v their own private bedroom o. |
=> ,putting in은 뒤에 목적어 corridors를 취하면서 분사구문을 이룬다. 이 때 분사구문을 as they put in corridors로 문맥상 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
=> so that 앞에 콤마(comma)와 함께 쓰여 결과적 용법을 나타내며, 해석은 『그래서 ~하다.』 로 한다.
=> every, each는 단수 취급하여 단수명사와 함께 쓰이며, 주어자리에 위치해 있을 때, 동사도 일치시켜 단수 동사를 써 준다.