|
Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Harvard University Press.
20-items (9 pt.)
1. Anyone who is honestly and truly seeking the truth will end up beliving what I believe.
2. There are so many things we have not discovered yet, nobody should be absolutely certain his beliefs are right. ⓡ
3. The things I believe in are so completely true, I could never doubt them.
4. I have never discovered a system of beliefs that explains everything to my satisfaction. ⓡ
5. It is best to be open to all possibilities and ready to reevaluate all your beliefs. ⓡ
6. My opinions are right and will stand the test of time.
7. Flexibility is a real virtue in thinking, since you may well be wrong. ⓡ
8. My opinions and beliefs fit together perfectly to make a crystal-clear picture of things.
9. There are no discoveries or facts that could possibly make me change my mind about the things that matter most in life.
10. I am a long way from reaching final conclusions about the central issues in life.
11. The person who is absolutely certain he/she has the truth will probably never find it. ⓡ
12. I am absolutely certain that my ideas about the fundamental issues in life are correct.
13. The people who disagree with me may well turn out to be right.
14. I am so sure I am right about the important things in life, there is no evidence that could convince me otherwise.
15. If you are 'open-minded' about the most important things in life, you will probably reach the wrong conclusions.
16. Twenty years from now, some of my opinions about the important things in life will probably have changed. ⓡ
17. 'Flexibility in thinking' is another name for being 'wishy-washy.'
18. No one knows all the essential truths about the central issues in life. ⓡ
19. Someday I will probably realize my present ideas about the big issues are wrong. ⓡ
20. People who disagree with me are just plain wrong and often evil as well.
Rokeach, M. (1956). Political and religious dogmatism: An alternative to the authoritarian personality. Psychological Monographs. 70 (Whole No.425).
40-items (7 pt.)
1. The United States and Russia have just about nothing in common.
2. The highest form of government is a democracy and the highest form of democracy is a government run by those who are most intelligent.
3. It is only natural that a person would have much better acquaintance with ideas he believes in than with ideas he opposes.
4. Man on his own is a helpless and miserable creature.
5. It is only natural for a person to be rather fearful of the future.
6. It is better to be a dead hero than to be a live coward.
7. While I don't like to admit this even to myself, my secret ambition is to become a great man, like Einstein, or Beethoven, or Shakespeare.
8. Most of the ideas which get printed nowadays are not worth the paper they are printed on.
9. In the history of mankind there have probably been just a handful of really great thinkers.
10. A man who does not believe in some great cause has not really lived.
11. When it comes to differences of opinion in religion we must be careful not to compromise with those who believe differently from the way we do.
12. A group which tolerates too much difference of opinion among its members cannot exist for long.
13. There are two kinds of people in this world: those who are for the truth and those who are against the truth.
14. In this complicated world of ours the only way we can know what is going on is to rely on leaders or experts who can be trusted.
15. The present is all too often full of unhappiness. It is only the future that counts.
16. If a man is to accomplish his mission in life it is sometimes necessary to gamble "all or nothing at all."
17. Even though freedom of speech for all groups is a worthwhile goal, it is unfortunately necessary to restrict the freedom of certain political groups.
18. Fundamentally, the world we live in is a pretty lonesome place.
19. There is so much to be done and so little time to do it in.
20. The main thing in life is for a person to want to do something important.
21. There are a number of people I have come to hate because of the things they stand for.
22. It is only when a person devotes himself to an ideal or cause that life becomes meaningful.
23. In times like these, a person must be pretty selfish if he considers primarily his own happiness.
24. The worst crime a person could commit is to attack publicly the people who believe in the same thing he does.
25. My blood boils whenever a person stubbornly refuses to admit he is wrong.
26. It is often desirable to reserve judgment about what is going on until one has had a chance to hear the opinions of those one respects.
27. In the long run the best way to live is to pick friends and associates whose tastes and beliefs are the same as one's own.
28. Unfortunately, a good many people with whom I have discussed important social and moral problems don't really understand what is going on.
29. Most people just don't give a darn for others.
30. Once I get wound up in a heated discussion I just can't stop.
31. If given the chance I would do something of great benefit to the world.
32. Of all the different philosophies which exist in this world there is probably only one which is correct.
33. In times like these it is often necessary to be more on guard against ideas put out by people or groups in one's camp than by those in the opposing camp.
34. A person who thinks primarily of his own happiness is beneath contempt.
35. Most people just don't know what is good for them.
36. I would like it if I could find someone who would tell me how to solve my personal problems.
37. In a discussion I often find it necessary to repeat myself several times to make sure I am being understood.
38. A person who gets enthusiastic about too many causes is likely to be a pretty "wishy-washy" sort of person.
39. In a heated discussion I generally become so absorbed in what I am going to say that I forget to listen to what others are saying.
40. To compromise with our political opponents is dangerous because it usually leads to the betrayal of our own side.