Woodwind instrument

[punuri]

	Nagak
	The Nagak is a type of the woodwind instrument which has been introduced in Korea from the Ming dynasty for both court and military music. It is made of shells of couch and produces by blowing a blowpipe where a hole is cut through the sharp part of the shell. Its sound has a lower vibrating timbre whose sound is similar to "a boat whistle" of a big ship. Because of this sound, it is associated with the processional and military music called Daechwita.
	Nabal

	Korean Music
	Traditional Korean Musical Instrument
	Woodwind instrument Percussion instrument Stringed instrument

	The Nabal is classified as the only brass instrument among the Korea instruments. It is also pronounced as Napal, but it is also substituted customary by the name, Nabal. The Nabal can generate only one note by sustaining or stopping the note like a Nagak. It must have been a very popular instrument for processional music, especially in Daechwita from a saying - "a high-ranking officer will immediately arrive as the Nabal has already blown".
	Dangjeok
	The Dangjeok is played horizontally and slightly smaller than the Junggeum. It is similar to the Sogeum in its size and due to this similarity it is not easy to distinguish it from the Sogeum, in terms of its method of playing, structure and use. Thus it has been confused with the Sogeum and often identified with each other.
	In specific, they are distinguished only by the number of holes, which the Dangjeok has the total seven holes: one blowpipe and seven finger holes. The Dangjeok has been used since the Goryeo dynasty and the Sogeum from Silla with the Daegeum and Junggeum. The ambiguity of identifying these instruments seems to be traced back to the middle of the Joseon dynasty.
	The origin of the Sogeum was unknown and it was often identified with the Dangjeok. The Dangjeok is modified as seven finger holes during the 1950s, but the Sogeum is largely using more than the Dangjeok.
	Daegeum
	The Daegeum is used two different types of music: Jeong-ak (classical / court music) and Minsok-ak (folk music). It is an indigenous instrument along with the Junggeum [the medium size] and Sogeum [the small size] in the same bamboo flute family which might have originated in the Silla dynasty.
	It is called a Cho / Chottae and is made of Whangjuk [yellow bamboo], Which has a double-shaped bamboo of the valley of the both edges. It has the total eight holes: one Chwigu [a mouth piece] which puts a wind into the tube by blowing, one Chonggong, which is attached to a resonant membrane made of white film inside a reed ; six holes for fingering.
	There are also several Chilsonggong [literally the seven stars holes] which lie in the hole at the end of the instrument in order to adjust pitches. It is divided into two types of the Daegeum according to.
	(i) for Jeong-ak such as Yongsan-hoesang, Pohoja, Nakyangchum, Kagokbanju;
	(ii) for Minsok-ak such as Sinawi, Sanjo, Minyo-banju [an accompaniment of folk song]; in the case of Sanjo- Daegeum, it is modified to be smaller than the Daegeum during the late Joseon dynasty
	Saengwhang
	The Saengwhang is a unique woodwind instrument which is played by blowing resonant box with a brassy character of the lower part of the bamboo hollow. It has a cup-shaped on the base and is the instrument of having seventeen different sizes of the bamboo parts. Its method of blowing is similar to that of the harmonica whose notes are produced by the method of alternating aspiration and perspiration. It produces various notes by stopping the finger holes which are open towards the outward of the lower part. The Saengwhang is largely known as "the only harmonic instrument among the traditional instrument" and its technique, which is also able to produce two notes simultaneously, is known as Ssangsong-jupob.
	The original of the instrument can be traced back to the document from Goguryeo and Baekje. For instance, the posture of playing the Saengwhang is engraved in the relief of Tongjong [the bronze bell] of the temple of Sangwon in the Odae mountain in Kangwon. This evidence adds the mythical and divine aspect of the instrument. It is made of Baktong [gourd] for the mouth piece, but nowadays it is placed by wood. Its sound is reminiscence of the Scottish bagpipes and matches well with the Danso or Yanggeum as duet.
	So
	The so is also held vertically and produces sixteen notes by the sixteen different bamboo pipes which are put into a wooden frame. The length of the bamboo pipe becomes shorter when it comes into the middle from the both edges. However, the length of the pipes outside is arranged by regular length in order to play with ease. Its bamboo pipe is made of a firm Haejuk. Players hold both sides of the frame with their both sides of the frame with their both hands and then they blow the blowpipe with a lower lip as the Danso is played. But it is not possible to produce a sustained or high-pitched sound.
	The so is found in the tomb painting of the old fresco in Goguryeo, but it has been used since the Goryeo dynasty and currently is using in Munmyo-Jeryeak.
	Sogeum
	The word so means "small" and thus the Sogeum is a smaller flute than the Junggeum and Daegeum in its shape and fingering. But it sounds an octave higher than that of Daegeum. It would be equivalent to the piccolo in its highest range of a pitch in the woodwind instrument of European art music. It has the total eight holes for one Chwigu and seven fingers. The Sogeum is principally used in the court music and Julpungryu.
	Yak, Jeok
	The yak is held vertically along with Danso and Tungso. It is used partly in performance of Munmyo-Jeryeak, but when it is played for dance purposes, dancers use this instrument as a set for their dancing, holding it with their left-hand. It has only three holes, so that this makes the instrument difficult to produce 'Sibiyul(12type)' such techniques as adjusting holes with fingers to a half or a quarter.
	It is said that the yak was used in ancient time, for instance, the Chou dynasty in China already had it. A reed was made at that time, but in modern time it is made of bamboo. It would be appropriate to consider the yak as a means for dancers rather than musical instrument.
	The Jeok is also held vertically and size is in between the Tungso and Danso. It is made of bamboo and has the total six holes which one is a "O" figure of the blowpipe and one is at the back and five holes in front. The Jeok was introduced into the Goryeo dynasty and currently using in Munmyo-Jeryeak.