미주현대불교

지워도 됨니다. <link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cp%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PostalCode"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="Street"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="address"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><style>  </style> 치과 재료 – 장점 단점 Dental Materials – Advantages & Disadvantages   원문 pdf <a href="http://www.dbc.ca.gov/formspubs/pub_dmfs2004.pdf">http://www.dbc.ca.gov/formspubs/pub_dmfs2004.pdf</a>   DENTAL BOARD OF CALIFORNIA  1P R 오른쪽  <a href="http://www.dbc.ca.gov/">http://www.dbc.ca.gov/</a> <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">1432 Howe Avenue</st1:street> <st1:city w:st="on">Sacramento</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">California</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">95825</st1:postalcode></st1:address>   시간이 없어 한국어로 번역을 못했는데 치과재료는 상식으로 알아두시는게 도움이 될것 같아 올립니다. =========================================== 검은 글은 재료의 종류를 요약했고 장점 단점의 상세 설명은 그 아래 있습니다.   1. Dental Amalgam (아말감 = 몸에 나쁜 수은 합금) Toxicity (독성) of Dental Materials 수은에 열을 가하면 기화되어 공기 중으로 증발한다. 이 수은 증기에 접촉되면 살아 있는 모든 생명체가 목숨을 잃는다. 옛날, 수은과 소금, 백반 같은 것들에 열을 가하여 ‘영사(靈砂)’ 라는 약을 만들던 사람이 수은 중독으로 죽는 일이 많았다. 수은을 태울 때 나오는 증기가 얼굴이나 손이 닿으면 살이 순식간에 흐물흐물 녹아서 흘러내리고 뼈만 하얗게 남는다.   2. PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL    1p L 왼쪽 사기류 와 금속과 녹여 만든것, (fused = to reduce to a liquid or plastic state by heat)   3. GOLD ALLOY  금 의 합금   1p L 왼쪽   4. PORCELAIN (CERAMIC) 도자기 사기  2p R 오른쪽   5. NICKEL or COBALT CHROME ALLOYS    2p R 오른쪽 닉켈 또는 코발트 도금한 합금   6. GLASS IONOMER CEMENT     3P L 왼쪽 유리와 아이어노머 접착제 ( 한국어로 뭐라 하는지 아시는분 ? )   7. RESIN-IONOMER CEMENT     3P L 왼쪽 수지(樹脂)송진 과 아이어노머 접착제 ============================================= 아래 부터는 장점 단점 상세 설명 1. Dental Amalgam (아말감 = 몸에 나쁜 수은 합금) 3P R 오른쪽 Toxicity (독성) of Dental Materials Mercury in its elemental form is on the State of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:state>’s Proposition 65 list of chemicals known to the state to cause reproductive toxicity.  Mercury may harm the developing brain of a child or fetus(태아). Dental amalgam is created by mixing elemental mercury (43-54%) and an alloy powder (46-57%) composed mainly of silver, tin, and copper. This has caused discussion about the risks of mercury in dental amalgam. Such mercury is emitted in minute amounts as vapor. Some concerns have been raised regarding possible toxicity. Scientific research continues on the safety of dental amalgam. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there is scant evidence that the health of the vast majority of people with amalgam is compromised. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other public health organizations have investigated the safety of amalgam used in dental fillings. The conclusion: no valid scientific evidence has shown that amalgams cause harm to patients with dental restorations, except in rare cases of allergy. The World Health Organization reached a similar conclusion stating, “Amalgam restorations are safe and cost effective.” A diversity of opinions exists regarding the safety of dental amalgams. Questions have been raised about its safety in pregnant women, children, and diabetics. However, scientific evidence and research literature in peer-reviewed scientific journals suggest that otherwise healthy women, children, and diabetics are not at an increased risk from dental amalgams in their mouths. The FDA places no restrictions on the use of dental amalgam. Composite Resin      3 P R 오른쪽 Some Composite Resins include Crystalline Silica, which is on the State of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:state>’s Proposition 65 list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer. ================================== Toxicity (독성) of Dental Materials   4p L 왼쪽 DENTAL AMALGAM FILLINGS [아말감 = 수은과 다른 금속과의 합금] Dental amalgam is a self-hardening mixture of silver-tin-copper alloy powder and liquid mercury and is sometimes referred to as silver fillings because of its color. It is often used as a filling material and replacement for broken teeth. Advantages ❤ Durable; long lasting ❤ Wears well; holds up well to the forces of biting ❤ Relatively inexpensive ❤ Generally completed in one visit ❤ Self-sealing; minimal-to-no shrinkage and resists leakage ❤ Resistance to further decay is high, but can be difficult to find in early stages ❤ Frequency of repair and replacement is low Disadvantages • Refer to “What About the Safety of Filling Materials” • Gray colored, not tooth colored, • May darken as it corrodes; may stain teeth over time, • Requires removal of some healthy tooth • In larger amalgam fillings, the remaining tooth may weaken and fracture • Because metal can conduct hot and cold temperatures, there may be a temporary sensitivity to hot and cold. • Contact with other metals may cause occasional, minute electrical flow.   The durability of any dental restoration is influenced not only by the material it is made from but also by the dentist’s technique when placing the restoration. Other factors include the supporting materials used in the procedure and the patient’s cooperation during the procedure. The length of time a restoration will last is dependent upon your dental hygiene, home care, and diet and chewing habits. =======================================   2. PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL    1p L 왼쪽 사기류 와 금속과 녹여 만든것, (fused = to reduce to a liquid or plastic state by heat) This type of porcelain is a glass-like material that is “enameled” on top of metal shells. It is tooth-colored and is used for crowns and fixed bridges Advantages 장점 ❤ Good resistance to further decay if the restoration fits well ❤ Very durable, due to metal substructure ❤ The material does not cause tooth sensitivity ❤ Resists leakage because it can be shaped for a very accurate fit Disadvantages 단점 * More tooth must be removed (than for porcelain) for the metal substructure * Higher cost because it requires at least two office visits and laboratory services. --------------------------------- 3. GOLD ALLOY  금 의 합금   1p L 왼쪽 Gold alloy is a gold-colored mixture of gold, copper, and other metals and is used mainly for crowns and fixed bridges and some partial denture frameworks Advantages 장점 ❤ Good resistance to further decay if the restoration fits well ❤ Excellent durability; does not fracture under stress ❤ Does not corrode in the mouth ❤ Minimal amount of tooth needs to be removed ❤ Wears well; does not cause excessive wear to opposing teeth ❤ Resists leakage because it can be shaped for a very accurate fit Disadvantages 단점 * Is not tooth colored; alloy is yellow 이빨 색이 아닌 금색 * Conducts heat and cold; may irritate sensitive teeth * High cost ; requires at least two office visits and laboratory services ==================================== 4. PORCELAIN (CERAMIC) 도자기 사기  2p R 오른쪽   Porcelain is a glass-like material formed into fillings or crowns using models of the prepared teeth. The material is tooth-colored and is used in inlays, veneers, crowns and fixed bridges. Advantages 장점 ❤ Very little tooth needs to be removed for use as a veneer; more tooth needs to be removed for a crown because its strength is related to its bulk (size) ❤ Good resistance to further decay if the restoration fits well ❤ Is resistant to surface wear but can cause some wear on opposing teeth ❤ Resists leakage because it can be shaped for a very accurate fit ❤ The material does not cause tooth sensitivity Disadvantages 단점 * Material is brittle and can break under biting forces * May not be recommended for molar teeth * Higher cost because it requires at least two office visits and laboratory services -------------------------------- 5. NICKEL or COBALT CHROME ALLOYS    2p R 오른쪽 닉켈 또는 코발트 도금한 합금 Nickel or cobalt-chrome alloys are mixtures of nickel and chromium. They are a dark silver metal color and are used for crowns and fixed bridges and most partial denture frameworks. Advantages ❤ Good resistance to further decay if the restoration fits well ❤ Excellent durability; does not fracture under stress ❤ Does not corrode in the mouth ❤ Minimal amount of tooth needs to be removed ❤ Resists leakage because it can be shaped for a very accurate fit Disadvantages * Is not tooth colored; alloy is a dark silver metal color * Conducts heat and cold; may irritate sensitive teeth * Can be abrasive to opposing teeth * High cost; requires at least two office visits and laboratory services * Slightly higher wear to opposing teeth. --------------------------- What About the Safety of Filling Materials?   2P L 왼쪽   Patient health and the safety of dental treatments are the primary goals of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:state>’s dental professionals and the Dental Board of California. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide you with information concerning the risks and benefits of all the dental materials used in the restoration (filling) of teeth. The Dental Board of California is required by law* to make this dental materials fact sheet available to every licensed dentist in the state of <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:state>. Your dentist, in turn, must provide this fact sheet to every new patient and all patients of record only once before beginning any dental filling procedure. As the patient or parent/guardian, you are strongly encouraged to discuss with your dentist the facts presented concerning the filling materials being considered for your particular treatment. * Business and Professions Code 1648.10-1648.20 Allergic Reactions to Dental Materials     2P L 왼쪽 Components in dental fillings may have side effects or cause allergic reactions, just like other materials we may come in contact with in our daily lives. The risks of such reactions are very low for all types of filling materials. Such reactions can be caused by specific components of the filling materials such as mercury, nickel, chromium, and/or beryllium alloys. Usually, an allergy will reveal itself as a skin rash and is easily reversed when the individual is not in contact with the material. There are no documented cases of allergic reactions to composite resin, glass ionomer, resin ionomer, or porcelain. However, there have been rare allergic responses reported with dental amalgam, porcelain fused to metal, gold alloys, and nickel or cobalt-chrome alloys. If you suffer from allergies, discuss these potential problems with your dentist before a filling material is chosen. ==================================== 6. GLASS IONOMER CEMENT     3P L 왼쪽 유리와 아이어노머 접착제 ( 한국어로 뭐라 하는지 아시는분 ? ) Glass ionomer cement is a self-hardening mixture of glass and organic acid. It is tooth-colored and varies in translucency. Glass ionomer is usually used for small fillings, cementing metal and porcelain/metal crowns, liners, and temporary restorations. Advantages 장점 ❤ Reasonably good esthetics ❤ May provide some help against decay because it releases fluoride ❤ Minimal amount of tooth needs to be removed and it bonds well to both the enamel and the dentin beneath the enamel ❤ Material has low incidence of producing tooth sensitivity ❤ Usually completed in one dental visit Disadvantages 장점 * Cost is very similar to composite resin (which costs more than amalgam) * Limited use because it is not recommended for biting surfaces in permanent teeth * As it ages, this material may become rough and could increase the accumulation of plaque and chance of * periodontal disease * Does not wear well; tends to crack over time and can be dislodged --------------------------- 7. RESIN-IONOMER CEMENT     3P L 왼쪽 수지(樹脂)송진 과 아이어노머 접착제 Resin ionomer cement is a mixture of glass and resin polymer and organic acid that hardens with exposure to a blue light used in the dental office. It is tooth colored but more translucent than glass ionomer cement. It is most often used for small fillings, cementing metal and porcelain metal crowns and liners. Advantages ❤ Very good esthetics ❤ May provide some help against decay because it releases fluoride ❤ Minimal amount of tooth needs to be removed and it bonds well to both the enamel and the dentin beneath the enamel ❤ Good for non-biting surfaces ❤ May be used for short-term primary teeth restorations ❤ May hold up better than glass ionomer but not as well as composite ❤ Good resistance to leakage ❤ Material has low incidence of producing tooth sensitivity ❤ Usually completed in one dental visit Disadvantages * Cost is very similar to composite resin (which costs more than amalgam) * Limited use because it is not recommended to restore the biting surfaces of adults * Wears faster than composite and amalgam. --------------------------------- 4P L 왼쪽 아래 추가 The durability of any dental restoration is influenced not only by the material it is made from but also by the dentist’s technique when placing the restoration. Other factors include the supporting materials used in the procedure and the patient’s cooperation during the procedure. The length of time a restoration will last is dependent upon your dental hygiene,