know,notice,ignore,look,lux등의 어원에 대하여

[나비우스]

보는 것은 아는 것이다.

보아야 인식을 한다.

듣는 것보다 보는 것으로 얻는 정보가 더 크다.

그래서 see 보다 이해하다 알다.

드라비다어가 이를 증명한다.

er- ,ol-  알아  kan 보다 見,看,現,賢,顯 이런 한자음은 모두 인도 드라비다어에서 

유래한다.

Proto-Dravidian : *ēr- (?)

Meaning : to see

Proto-North Dravidian : *ēr-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *ēr-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ērnā (īryas) "to see, look, look at, look after, look for, wait for, examine, try"

Malto : ēre "to see, behold, observe"

Additional forms : Also KUR ērtaʔānā to let see, show; ērānakhrnā to look at one another; MLT ērye to peep, spy.

Number in DED : 903

Notes : A PNDR root.

Proto-Dravidian : *kāṇ-

Meaning : to see

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāṇ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kāṇ-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kāṇ (kāṇp-, kaṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to see, consider, investigate, appear, become visible; n. sight, beauty

Tamil derivates : kāṇkai knowledge; kāṇpu seeing, sight; kāṭci sight, vision of a deity, view, appearance; kāṇikkai voluntary offering, gift to a temple, church, guru or other great person; kāṭṭu (kāṭṭi-) to show; n. showing; kaṇṇu (kaṇṇi-) to purpose, think, consider; kaṇ-kāṭci gratifying spectacle, exhibition, object of curiosity

Malayalam : kāṇuka

Malayalam meaning : to see, observe, consider, seem

Malayalam derivates : kāṇi visitor, spectator; kāṇikka to show, point out; n. offering, present; kāṭṭuka to show, exhibit; kāẓca, kāẓma eyesight, offering, show, spectacle

Kannada : kāṇ (kaṇḍ-)

Kannada meaning : to see, appear; n. seeing, appearing

Kannada derivates : kāṇike, kāṇke sight, vision, present, gift; kāṇuvike seeing, appearing; kāṇisu to show, show oneself, appear; kaṇi sight, spectacle, ominous sight, divination

Kodagu : kāṇ- (kāmb-, kaṇḍ-)

Kodagu meaning : to see; seem, look (so-and-so)

Kodagu derivates : kāṭ- (kāṭi-) to show

Tulu : kāṇụsāvuni, kāṇisāvuni

Tulu meaning : to show, represent, mention

Tulu derivates : kāṇikè, kāṇigè present to a superior

Proto-Nilgiri : *kāṇ-

Notes : Kannada kaṇi and Tamil forms with short -a- may be due to the short vowel in *kaṇ 'eye'.

Number in DED : 1443

Proto-Telugu : *kān-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kanḍ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *qan-

Brahui : xan-ing

Notes : Actually, while the root itself represents the famous example of the PDR morphological *a/*ā gradation (cf. *kaṇ- 'eye'), the North Dravidian and Brahui forms are probably derived of the noun itself, as there is no vowel length evident.

Proto-Dravidian : *ōl- (??)

Meaning : to see

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ōl-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ōl-

Meaning : to see

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : ōl- (ōlt-) "to see, look at"

Naikri : ōl-

Additional forms : Also Naikri ōlip- to show

Number in DED : 1066

Notes : A Kolami-Naikri isogloss.

know 알다

recognize 인식하다

kn,gn이나 같다.

모두 kan gan 看 볼,간이나 볼,견 見 의 약자이며 눈을 뜻한다.

일본사람,경상도사람들은 견을 겐 겡 으로 읽기도 한다.

見볼,견 看 볼,간 계열

라틴어

gena [고전:게나 ││ 교회:제나] 

여성형 명사 눈꺼풀, 안과(眼窩), 눈.

핀란드어

katsoa 

동사 보다, 응시하다

katsella 

동사 보다, 응시하다

캍-->칻-->칼-->칸-->간

터키어

göz  

명사 눈, 안구, 안목, 시야, 시선

bakmak  

동사 보다, 쳐다보다, 바라보다, 향하다, 면하다, 돌보다

görmek  

동사 보다, 만나다, 인지하다, 이해하다, 인식하다, 생각하다, 경험하다, 

당하다, 입다, 받다

굍-->괻-->괼-->괸

괸 은 견 見이다.

눋(몽골어) 눈(한국어) 계열

not는 lot의 변음

l앞에는 연구개음 kh가 생략이 된 것이다.

khlot khnot 

khl khn-->kl  kn  gn 

눈알 굴렀다 구르다 둥근 눈알을 말한다.눈깔  

알 은 밝음 빛이다.

보는 것과 관계된 말.

영어

notice 

l-->n 변음 

lux [고전:룩스 ││ 교회:룩스]  

여성형 명사 눈, 시력

뤁-->룯-->룰-->루르-->루흐-->룩  look

핀란드어

nähdä 

동사 보다

헝가리어

néz  

자동사 (vkire, vmire) 보다, 바라보다

lát  

1.(～ott, lásson, ～na)보다, (észrevesz) 인식하다, (ért/felfog) 이해하다

2.(vmihez) (본격적으로) 시작하다, 착수하다

영어 seem  示,視

독일어 sehen 

영어 see ,sight 

헝가리어

silmä  

명사 눈

szem  

1.(～et, ～e, ～ek)(látószerv) (신체의) 눈, 눈길, 시선

2.공작의 꼬리 깃에 있는 눈 모양의 무늬

비다 보이다 

ㅍ-->ㅂ--->ㅁ

영어 pore vision video 

스페인어

ver

1.타동사 (눈으로) 보다, 보이다

2.타동사 (무엇을) 보다

3.타동사 (누구를) 만나다, 보다

스페인어

vista  

여성형 명사

1시각

2시력

visión 

여성형 명사

1보기, 봄, 목격, 관찰

2시야, 시각

3시력

프랑스어

vue

여성형 명사

1시각,시력

2보기

3시선

voir [vwaːʀ]  

타동사

1(눈으로) 보다

2상상하다, 마음에 그리다

자동사

3보다, 보이다

헝가리어 

mint

(형용사 비교급과 함께) ~보다

빈드-->빈다;어원 

mintsem  

접속사 ~보다

일본어 미루 

みる [見る] 

1.보다. 2.눈으로 파악·확인하다. 3.조사하다. 4.다루다; 처리하다. 5.시각뿐 아니라 널...

스페인어

mirar  

1.타동사 (주의해서) 보다, (차분히) 바라보다, 시선을 향하다

2.타동사 (+a. hacia) (…의 쪽을) 보다, 시선을 향하다

3.~se형 자신의 모습[얼굴]을 보다

영어 spect

살피다-->어원

라틴어

specto [고전:스펙토 ││ 교회:스펙토]   

1.타동사, 자동사 보다, 응시하다, 살펴보다

2.타동사, 자동사 생각하다, 검사하다, 살피다, 시험해 보다

Proto-Dravidian : *kaṇ-

Meaning : eye

Proto-South Dravidian: *kaṇ

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kaṇ

Meaning : eye

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kaṇ

Tamil meaning : eye, aperture, orifice, star of a peacock's tail

Malayalam : kaṇ, kaṇṇu

Malayalam meaning : eye, nipple, star in peacock's tail, bud

Kannada : kaṇ

Kannada meaning : eye, small hole, orifice

Kodagu : kaṇṇɨ

Kodagu meaning : eye, small hole, orifice

Tulu : kaṇṇụ

Tulu meaning : eye, nipple, star in peacock's feather, rent, tear

Proto-Nilgiri : *kaṇ

Number in DED : 1159

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

Meaning : eye, small hole, orifice, mesh of net, eye in peacock's feather

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kanu

Dialectal forms (1) : kannu

Additional forms : Also kan nīru tears

Number in DED : 1159

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaṇ

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaṇ

Meaning : eye

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kan (pl. kanḍl) "eye, small hole in ground, cave"

Naikri : kan (pl. kanḍḷ) "eye, spot in peacock's tail"

Naiki : kan (pl. -l)

Parji : kan (pl. kanul) "(S only) eye"

Ollari Gadba : kaṇ (pl. kaṇkul)

Salur Gadba : kanu (pl. kankul)

Additional forms : Also Ollari kaṇul maṭṭa eyebrow; kaṇa (pl. kaṇul) hole

Number in DED : 1159

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṇ

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kaṇ

Meaning : eye

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kaṇ

Konda : kaṇ

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kaṇ

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kan-u (pl. *kaṇ-ka)

Proto-North Dravidian : *qan

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qan

Meaning : eye, eye of tuber

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xann

Malto : qanu

Additional forms : Also KUR xannērnā (of newly born babies or animals) to begin to see, have the use of one's eyesight.

Number in DED : 1159

Brahui : xan

 

Brahui : xan

Meaning : eye

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1159

notice 눈치채다

no는 눈 tice치채-->어원

ignore 무시하다

i 부정의 뜻

아이--> 아니 의 사투리

경상도사투리 아이다-->아니다의 뜻

gno는 know와 같다.

몽골어로 눈을 누드

눝-->눋(몽골어)-->눌-->눈(한국어)

놑(notice의 not-)

Proto-Dravidian : *nō-

Meaning : view, to notice, eye

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *ʔVnjV

Meaning: to see, eye

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : HVNV

Meaning : see, eye

Eurasiatic : *ʔVnjV

Afroasiatic : *ʕayVn-

Sino-Caucasian : Cf. ST *ŋāj 'look, stare' or *n[ɨă] 'think'?

Austric : *nVʔ think; cf. also PAA (PW) *ŋVj 'eye'

Amerind (misc.) : *hin (R 236) [+ A], *yan (R 237) 'eye; see', *neu 'see' (R 608) [+ A K], *win 'see' (R 608) [+ A]

African (misc.) : Bantu *-yén- 'see'.

Reference : ND 138.

Indo-European: *ney- 'to shine, sparkle; to see' [Blazhek proposes IIr. *vain- 'see'?]

 

Proto-IE: *ney-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to shine, to sparkle

Old Indian: nayanā̆- n. f. `eye', nētra- n. id.

Latin: niteō, -ēre, -uī `glänzen, blinken, strahlen, prangen', nitidus, -a `glänzend, gleissend, wohlgenährt, schmuck'; renīdēre `zurückstrahlen, glänzen, schimmern, lächeln'

Celtic: *neimā, *neim- > MIr niam `Glanz, glänzender Schmuck', niamde `glänzend'; Cymr nwyf `Lebhaftigkeit', nwyfiant `Glanz, Gewalt', nwyfo `lebendig werden'

Russ. meaning: сверкать, сиять

References: WP II 321

Altaic: *ni̯ā̀

 

Proto-Altaic: *ni̯ā̀

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Turkic: *jāĺ 'tear'

 

Mongolian: *nidü

 

Proto-Mongolian: *nidü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Written Mongolian: nidü(n) (L 578)

Middle Mongolian: nidun (HY 45, SH), neidun (IM), nidun (MA)

Khalkha: nüd

Buriat: ńüde(n)

Kalmuck: nüdṇ

Ordos: nüdü(n)

Dongxian: nuduŋ, -n

Baoan: nedoŋ

Dagur: nide (MD 199, Тод. Даг. 157), nid (Тод. Даг. 157)

Shary-Yoghur: nudun

Monguor: nudu (SM 287)

Mogol: nüdün; ZM nodun (2-3a)

Comments: KW 282, MGCD 520.

Tungus-Manchu: *ńia-sa

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńia-sa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Evenki: ē̂sa

Even: ǟsъ̣l

Negidal: ē̂sa

Spoken Manchu: jasǝ (10)

Literary Manchu: jasa

Jurchen: ŋia-ĉi (496)

Ulcha: ịsal(ị)

Orok: isal

Nanai: nasal, dial. ńisal(a), ịsal, ŋasar

Oroch: isa

Udighe: jehä

Solon: īsal

Comments: ТМС 1, 291-292. The Nan. and Jurch. forms unmistakeably point to an initial nasal, lost in other languages in the exceptional position before the diphthong *iā. Other traces of initial nasal can be seen in: Man. ńońo 'pupil of the eye', Neg. ńuińaki 'eyebrow', Evn. ńȫŋeti 'one-eyed' (pointing perhaps to a derivative *ńiā-ŋu- with later assimilations > *ńūŋu- ~ *ńūńu-).

Korean: *nún

 

Proto-Korean: *nún

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eye

Russian meaning: глаз

Modern Korean: nun

Middle Korean: nún

Comments: Nam 115, KED 359.

Japanese: *mài(N), *mì-

 

Proto-Japanese: *mài(N), *mì-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 eye 2 to see

Russian meaning: 1 глаз 2 видеть

Old Japanese: me 1, mji- 2

Middle Japanese: mè 1, mì- 2

Tokyo: mé 1, mí- 2

Kyoto: mèe 1, mì- 2

Kagoshima: mé 1, mí- 2

Nase: mɨ́ 1, mj- 2

Shuri: mī́ 1, n̄ǯ- 2

Hateruma: mìŃ 1, mì- 2

Yonakuni: mī̀ 1, nn- 2

Comments: JLTT 474, 724. Nasal -N can be reconstructed on the basis of Hateruma (Ryukyu) mìŃ - although one cannot exclude that this is a later addition.

Comments: EAS 77, Poppe 39, Menges 1984, 281, Street 1980, 300-301, АПиПЯЯ 30-31, 78, 87, 275. For the Turkic form cf. Mong. *ni-l-mu-sun (KW 281; Владимирцов 146), ТМ *(i)ńa-mū-, MKor. nún-mɨ́r, PJ *na-mi(n)tV 'tear' < PA *ńi̯ā(ĺ)-mi̯ūri 'water of the eye'. PT irregularly preserves length here: it is probably due to the influence of other homophonic and synonymic roots. Jpn. *m- here deserves special comment. It is a usual reflex of *ń- or *ŋi̯-, but none can be safely reconstructed here (not *ń- because of Mong. ni-dün, not *ŋi̯- because of TM *ńia-sa). One may note, however, that Jpn. has n- in *na-mi(n)tV 'tear', and perhaps also in the old deverbative OJ niram- (also *nia-m- > nem-) 'to glare at, keep an eye on' = Kor. nori- 'to have an eye upon' = TM *ńia-ru- 'to stare' (ТМС 1, 291) = Karakh. jeze- (EDT 985, TMN 4, 163) 'to patrol, keep an eye on' < PA *ni̯ā-ŕV. One can also pay attention to the nasal suffix present in Kor. nu-n and Jpn. *mai(N); it may suggest that we are actually dealing with reflexes of an archaic suffixed form *ni̯a-ŋ(V), the velar in which also can account for some unexpected TM forms: Jurch. ŋia-ĉi and Nan. dial. ŋasar ( < *ŋia-sa < *ńiaŋ-sa). Japanese may have had a similar assimilation (*ma-iN < *ŋi̯a-ŋ < *ni̯a-ŋ), while the suffixless form is preserved in a compound (*na-mi(n)ta < *ni̯a) and a derived verb (niram-). Cf. also KBalk. ǯalamuq 'tear' (probably < Bulg., reflecting a trace of the original compound in PTurk.). Traces of *-ĺ- in some forms (Turk. *jāĺ, Mong. *nil-mu-sun) may reflect a distinct root, preserved in Mong. *naliqa 'wing-like membrane, corner of the eye', as well as nilma / milma 'pupil of the eye'.

Uralic: ?? *wanV 'sehen, schauen' (?+ Sam. *ńo- in ND 1629)

Kartvelian: Georg. naχ- to see, find

Dravidian: *nō-; ?*nā- 'to open one's eyes' (PKG 814); or *uṇṇ- 'to think, look' (727)

Eskimo-Aleut: *niŋǝ-(t-)

 

Proto-Eskimo: *niŋǝ-(t-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to see, to hear, to listen

Russian meaning: видеть, слышать, слушать

Proto-Yupik: *niŋǝ-t- (-ruɣ-)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'nǝju- 'guard'

 

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ǝnju-

Meaning (Rus.): стеречь

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *(šǝ)ʒu-, ? *ʒu-t-

Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝnju-

Comments: (PU *wanV = PD *uṇṇ = Nivkh. *waŋ- 'search; eye')

References: ND 138 *ʡoyn̄V (compares rather Mong. ojun 'mind' and distinguishes between *ʡoyn̄V and *ń[e]χa); 1631 *ń[e]χa 'to see', partially also 1629 *ńo(ʕ)wV 'to hunt, pursue'. A lot of confusion that has to be sorted out. [For Mong. *ojun cf. PU *wOjV 'see, find etc.' ?]

Proto-South Dravidian: *nōḍ-, *nōṭ-, *nōk-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *nōḍ-, *nōṭ-, *nōk-

Meaning : to look at, examine

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nōṭṭam

Tamil meaning : examination of coins, assaying, scrutiny of gems, precious metals, etc., value, criticism as by a rival artist or workman, attempt at wit, endeavour to excel, hinder or baffle another in speech

Tamil derivates : nōkku (nōkki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider, reflect, regard, pay attention to, arrange, put in order, keep, protect, save, do, perform, resemble, compare, read, desire; n. eye, sight, look, beauty, meaning, intention, knowledge, greatness, mode, style; nōkkam eye, eyesight, look, gaze, glance, view, aspects of a planet, appearance, expression‎, cast of countenance, beauty, attractiveness, watch, design, object, intention, aim, sense, intelligence, attention, observation, desire, indication, sign

Malayalam : nōṭṭam

Malayalam meaning : viewing, examination, experienced eye, sharp sight, shroffage, fortune-telling

Malayalam derivates : nōkkuka to look at, view, observe, look after, examine, be in a certain direction, seek, consider, regard, intend; nōkkam view, beauty, eye; nōkkal a look; nōkku look, watchfulness, sight, beauty

Kannada : nōḍu

Kannada meaning : to look, look on, look at, view, behold, look after, examine, consider, take care, see

Kannada derivates : nōḍuvike looking, etc.; nōḍisu to cause to look; nōṭa looking at or on, viewing, beholding, seeing, examination, a sight, spectacle, sight, the power of seeing, a look, appearance; nōṭaka a looker-on, spectator, eyewitness

Kodagu : nōṭ- (nōṭi-)

Kodagu meaning : to look at

Tulu : nōṭa

Tulu meaning : sight, view, vision, aim

Tulu derivates : nōḍaḍruni, nōḍāvuni to point at, show; nūṭāvuni to show

Proto-Nilgiri : *nōṭ-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *nōṭ-

Meaning : to look at

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : nōṭ- (nōc-) "to look at, look for, examine, be looked at"

Toda : nwɨ̄ṭ- (nwɨ̄ṭy-)

Additional forms : Also Kota nōṭ, nōṭm (obl. nōṭt-) a sight; Toda nwɨ̄ṭ a sight

Number in DED : 3794

Notes : The root apparently had both the voiced-auslaut and the voiceless-auslaut variants in PDR. As for Tamil nōkkam, etc., these forms either constitute a separate root or can go back to PDR *nōṭ-k-.

Number in DED : 3794