1. A Young Birch
The birch begins to crack its outer sheath
Of baby green and show the white beneath,
As whosoever likes the young and slight
May well have noticed. Soon entirely white
To double day and cut in half the dalk
It will stand forth, entirely white in bark,
And nothing but the top a leafy green—
The only native tree that dares to lean,
Relying on its beauty, to the air.
(Less brave perhaps than trusting are the fair.)
And someone reminiscent will recall
How once in cutting brush along the wall
He spared it from the number of the slain,
At first to be no bigger than a cane,
And then no bigger than a fishing pole,
But now at last so obvious a bole
The most efficient help you ever hired
Would know that it was there to be admired,
And zeal would not be thanked that cut it down
When you were reading books or out of town.
It was a thing of beauty and was sent
To live its life out as an ornament.
sheath : 덮개
bole : 줄기
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어린 자작나무
자작나무가 푸른 아기 껍질을 깨고
하얀 속살을 보이기 시작하니,
어리고 날씬한 것을 좋아하는 사람은
의당 눈여겨보았으리라. 낮을 배가(倍加)하고
밤의 어둠을 반감(半減)할 순백(純白)의 자태가
곧 두드러질 것이니, 그 껍질은 완전히 하얗고,
나부 꼭대기만 푸른 잎이 무성하다―
자신의 미(美)를 믿고, 용감히
하늘로 뻗는 유일한 토종 나무다.
(미인은 용감하기보다 자신(自信)할 것이다.)
회고하는 사람은 언젠가 담 따라 관목을 자를 때,
잘라버린 숫자에서 그것을 제외했던 일을 상기하리니,
처음에는 지팡이보다 크지 않았고,
그다음엔 낚싯대보다 크지 않았으나,
지금은 눈에 확 띄는 나무줄기이니
당신이 일찍이 고용한 아주 유능한 일꾼은
그것이 칭송 받고자 그곳에 있음을 알기에,
당신이 책을 읽거나 집을 떠나 있을 때
그것을 베어버리는 열정은 사양하리라.
그것은 아름다운 것이니 한 평생
장식품으로 살도록 보내진 것이다.
-신재실 옮김-
단상(斷想): 달의 여신 셀레네(Selene)는 양치기 청년 엔디미온(Endymion)의 잠자는 모습에 매료되어, 그를 영원히 잠들게 하였다. 영국 시인 존 키츠는 이 신화를 바탕으로 장시(長詩) 『엔디미언(Endymion)』을 썼다. 시는 이렇게 시작된다. “아름다운 것은 영원한 기쁨이니/ 그 사랑스러움이 점점 증가할 것이며, 결코/ 소멸하지 않고 변함없이 우리에게/ 고요한 그늘과 잠을 제공할 것이니/ 달콤한 꿈, 건강, 그리고 조용한 숨결로 가득하리라.(A thing of beauty is a joy for ever:/ Its loveliness increases; it will never/ Pass into nothingness; but still will keep/ A bower quiet for us, and a sleep/ Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.)”
나무껍질이 희고 아름다워 흔히 정원수,·가로수,·조림수로 식재되는 자작나무는 20m 높이까지 자란다. 아름다울 뿐만 아니라 생명력도 강하다. 어린 자작나무가 “푸른 아기 껍질을 깨고 하얀 속살을 보이기 시작하면,” 미끈한 “순백(純白)”의 미인을 연상시킨다. 그 하얀 피부는 “낮을 배가(倍加)하고 밤의 어둠을 반감(半減)할” 정도로 눈부시다. 다른 토종 나무들과 달리, 뉴잉글랜드의 자작나무는 “자신의 미(美)를 믿고, 용감히 하늘로 뻗는 유일한 토종 나무다.”
그러기에 이를 “회고하는” 사람들이 “언젠가 담 따라 관목을 자를 때”면, “하얀 속살”을 드러내기 시작하는 어린 자작나무의 미(美)에 매료되어, 자르지 않고 애지중지(愛之重之) 키우니, 마침내 “눈에 확 띄는” 큰 나무로 자란다.
주인(主人)이 고용인에게 특별한 지시 없이 관목을 자르게 하고, 정작 본인은 “책을 읽거나 집을 떠나 있더라도,” 고용인은 어린 자작나무를 잘라버리지 않을 것이다. 주인과 고용인 모두 심미안(審美眼)을 공유하여 “그것은 아름다운 것이니 한 평생/ 장식품으로 살도록 보내진 것”이라는 것을 직감(直感)하기 때문이다.
-신재실 씀-
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“Young Birch, A” (1947)
Frost was fond of the birch tree. In “Birches” the young boy has been swinging on them, but they also figure prominently in “Wild Grapes” and “Home Burial,” as well as being referenced in “New Hampshire,” “The Onset,” and “Pea Brush.” They are briefly mentioned in “Something for Hope” and “Good-By and Keep Cold.” This is the second of Frost’s poems named after the birch tree.
“A Young Birch” begins with the birch begin- ning to crack its “outer sheath” of “baby green” and show the white bark beneath. The poem is a tribute to the tree, singing praises to the “only native tree that dares to lean, / Relying on its beauty, to the air.” The speaker suggests in an aside that perhaps it is not bravery but trust that causes the true to dare so. After all, the air when strong enough is a threat to the young tree.
The birch grows from the diameter of a cane to that of a fishing pole and then so grand that it is a thing of beauty not only meant to but sent to “live its life out as ornament.” Someone who kept the brush along the wall well trimmed might have made the decision to cut the birch down too, but in spar- ing it that lawn worker becomes the “most efficient help” ever hired. The speaker addresses someone who does not trim bushes but is a book reader and a traveler. His land is not tended to by him. The young birch has survived through luck and persis- tence, not through the grace of its owner.
George F. Bagby writes that “what might other- wise be considered waste is turned into a positive virtue, a freedom from the narrow, materialistic demands of utility” (91). The young birch’s owner reaps the benefits of its beauty now that it is grown, but he did not contribute in any direct way to this young birch’s success any more than do we to nature’s growth.
Frost was weighed down by his own wind, and ice storms too, having suffered great tragedy in his life. Perhaps he saw a likeness to himself in the tree and admired the birch most because, like him, it trusted itself to bend without breaking and some- how managed to right itself.
The poem was first published in 1946 in booklet form as Frost’s Christmas poem. It was later col- lected as the opening poem in Steeple Bush.
FURTHER READING
Bagby, George F. Frost and the Book of Nature. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993, 91–92. D’Avanzo, Mario L. “Frost’s ‘A Young Birch’: A Thing of Beauty,” Concerning Poetry 3, no. 2 (1970): 69–70.
from "Critical Companion to Robert Frost : A Literary Reference to His Life And Work - Deirdre Fagan"