家廟와 書院의 尊賢儀禮 比較[2018.10.22.講讀]

1. 家廟와 書院의 尊賢儀禮比較-退溪宗宅과 陶山書院尙德祠를 中心으로-李東耈(dongg49@hanmail.net) 要約<table style="border: 0.28pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-overlap: never;"><tbody><tr><td valign="center" style="padding: 1.41pt; border: 1.7pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 69.22pt; height: 18.48pt;" colspan="2">區分</td><td valign="center" style="padding: 1.41pt; border: 1.7pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">家廟</td><td valign="center" style="padding: 1.41pt; border: 1.7pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">書院</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 27.53pt; height: 102.34pt;" rowspan="5">祠堂</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 28.42pt;">起源</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 28.42pt;">高麗恭讓王2(1390)年設置令(趙浚의 上疏)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 28.42pt;">朝鮮中宗32(1542)年白雲洞書院(1549年賜額→紹修書院) 文成公廟 * 一般廟宇는 新羅南海王3年始祖廟建立</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">目的</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">報恩 ․ 追慕 = 孝, ◉子孫奉祀</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">先賢崇慕 ․ 學德繼承 = 修養, ◉後學奉祀</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">稱號</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">無</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">尙德祠, * 體仁廟(玉山書院), 大成殿(成均館. 鄕校)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">構造</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">三間겹집+三門</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">三間겹집+內三門 * 規模는 모시는 聖賢의 數에 따라 差異</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">位置</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">前廳後廟</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">前堂右側後廟 * 書院마다 若干의 差異(예, 회연서원, 소수서원)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 27.53pt; height: 122.04pt;" rowspan="7">奉安</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">對象</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">承嗣祖上(不遷位, 高祖, 曾祖, 祖, 父母) ※宗宅에만 奉安</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">先賢 ※ 餘他書院奉安可能(例退溪先生 : 朝鮮時代 27書院, 現在 7書院)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">配置</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">左昭右穆 (西上南向)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">主享退陶先生, 從享月川趙公, * 中上南向中主享, 東壁西向從享</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">祠板</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">神主</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">位牌</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">規格</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">一定(규격 : 1尺2寸×3寸×1.2寸.前後身分離, 陷中記載 등)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">非規格(例, 陶山書院 : 造主高二尺一寸八分。廣五寸。厚一寸。額一寸。爲圓首座板。高四寸八分。長八寸八分。方廣三寸六分。座板穴深二寸一分。) </td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">文句</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">規定(顯祖考官職府君神主 , 左側下段 ; 奉祀者)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">非規定(例, 陶山書院 : 退陶李先生, 紫雲書院 : 文成公栗谷李先生位)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 14.82pt;">時期</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 14.82pt;">禫祀時(退溪先生 1572.2)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 14.82pt;">士林共議⇒ 主享 : 書院賜額翌年(1576.2.), 從享 : 1614.11.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 14.82pt;">期限</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 14.82pt;">冑孫卒入廟時 5代祖父母遞遷又祧埋</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 14.82pt;">永久(特別事由外)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 27.53pt; height: 162.04pt;" rowspan="7">行祀</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">行禮</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">忌祭, 時祀, 薦新, 茶禮, 吉祀, </td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">享祀(春秋仲月中丁日), 正謁, 香謁, 隨時謁廟, ※ 書院別定日</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">時刻</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">忌祭祀 ; 忌日丑時, 그 외 ; 낮. </td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">享祀 ; 定日丑時, 正 ․ 香謁 ; 日出前 →午時(2009년부터)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">告由</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">祠版移安(廟宇修理等), 主婦新行, 子孫慶事 등</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">祠版移安(廟宇修理等), 主要院事時(文集刊行, 院舍修理 등)</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">奉祀者</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">宗孫</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">儒林(堂會決定出望) </td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">祝文</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">忌祭境遇規程化 ; 諱日復臨追遠感時不勝永慕</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">享祀境遇非規程(奉安時制定) ※서원마다 문구가 같지 않음,</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 18.48pt;">祭需</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 18.48pt;">酒.果.鮑.醯.炙.湯.菜.飯.麵.羹.(25器)</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 18.48pt;">酒.豕牲.稻簠.黍簋.魚鱐.鹿脯.鹿醢.魚醢.乾棗.柏子.韭葅.菁葅.(14器)粱簠.稷簋 ; 癸未國減, 幣 : 戊辰國減, ※정확한 년도와 사유 ?</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt 0.28pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 41.69pt; height: 51.16pt;">節次</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 291.38pt; height: 51.16pt;">忌祭祀出主-開櫝-參神禮-降神禮-進饌-初獻禮-讀祝-亞獻禮-終獻禮-侑食禮-辭神-闔櫝-焚祝-還安-撤床-飮福</td><td valign="center" style="border-width: 0.28pt 1.7pt 1.7pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt; width: 364.96pt; height: 51.16pt;">享祀開坐-陳設點視-執事入就-獻官入就-獻官再拜-三上香-皆再拜-初獻禮-讀祝-亞獻禮-終․分獻禮-飮福受胙-受禧再拜-撤籩豆-禮畢再拜-望瘞-以次出-執事者再拜-罷坐-飮福禮</td></tr></tbody></table>※ 參考文獻 : 《제사와 제례문화》(한국국학진흥원 刊). 《韓國禮學散稿》(김시황, 푸른세상 刊), 《종가의 제례와 음식 7》(국립문화재연구소, 월인 刊), 《예절개요》(도산서원선비문화수련원 부설 전통예절교육원 刊), 《도산서원의절》(박약재 刊),《성균관 인터넷홈페이지》.